WEBVTT

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I started working with apps,

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because I needed to have an income.

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Sometimes it\'s more than
12 hours a day working.

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I end up going to the street
and I end up working too

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even the day I thought
about taking the day off.

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Today we have a fragility

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on the labor side,

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because we don\'t have support.

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I realize that there is
a very high demand

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and, at the same time,
deficient in support

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for people who work like me.

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So we need to organize ourselves

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so that we can get something.

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In Brazil affected by unemployment

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and precariousness of work,

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entrepreneurship is the way out to mask

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the situation of passing on to the workers

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the responsibility to get out of the
crisis created by the Government.

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I have a degree in Law.

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After some time, I went to
study for public contest.

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And we were faced with the situation

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that our daughter got sick.

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At the age of five, she was diagnosed

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with brain tumor.

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Then I dropped everything
to take care of her.

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And when she died, I was

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two years out of work.

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My father was already working

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with apps.

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And then he said: \"Oh,
Esther, you work with apps,

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you can work\".

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I\'ve been driving with the app
for two and a half years now.

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Will you put it on, my son?

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When I went to work,

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I found out I was pregnant.

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It was, therefore, a very good period, very pleasant,

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but also, very difficult, to overcome.

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and I worked

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until the 8th month of pregnancy.

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It was a very smooth pregnancy.

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It started with a financial issue,

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to help at home

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and eventually we start to like it.

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And it\'s kind of an addiction.

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After I drop Bernardo off at school,

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I\'ll come, wash my car,

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I bring it here to clean it up,

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to start work with a clean car, right?

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To please everyone.

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Today the app is a real way

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of life for many people.

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From every social class,

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of every color, race, religion, sexuality, everything.

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Everyone today uses the app

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as a form of income.

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Some use it as a complement,

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others use it as their main income.

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My income is basically based on the app.

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My first job was as an office boy,

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in an accounting firm in Niteroi.

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Later, I went to the Army.

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Upon leaving the Army, I
went to a nearby town,

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where I started to work as
a clerk in a warehouse.

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Afterwards, I was invited to go to Macae,

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where I started working in a hotel,

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as a receptionist.

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I left this hotel, started in a call center

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and I stayed in that call center,
more or less, two years.

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And when I left telemarketing,

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I was invited to work in
this company\'s store

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and stayed there until March 2019.

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I became unemployed.

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When I returned to Rio de Janeiro,

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I realized that the service
market was very scarce.

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Or there was little
service being offered.

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That\'s when I decided to
sign up for the app.

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On the same day, I was approved.

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And then I started riding with the app.

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Value for money I think...

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let\'s say between 75 to 80% better

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than under the Labor Laws.

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I have a freedom.

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What freedom is this?

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For example, I make my schedule,

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so I can stop when I want to stop.

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So for me it\'s perfect.

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we can say that

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the world history of work is
the history of dispute,

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between workers and entrepreneurs,

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by controlling these three key points:

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work time,

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the productivity

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and the remuneration.

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What impresses in the
capital of the 21st century,

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when these huge, gigantic,
digital companies

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operating with mobility platforms

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arise is that, apparently,

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they transfer control
of these three keys

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for the worker.

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how?

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This company, of course,
defines how much you earn

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by race, or by delivery,

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but it doesn\'t define exactly

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what is your minimum productivity.

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And it doesn\'t define either

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what is your minimum working time.

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So, in practice, you work as much as you want

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and earn as much as you want.

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Or, at least, you have that impression.

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Despite this, they do not lose

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control over service delivery.

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There is absolute control,

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on a scale unprecedented in human history,

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of basic information

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about where you have offer,

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where there is heated demand at the moment.

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Based on this elementary information,

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these companies can start playing

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with the workers.

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So they say, \"If you go here,

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to this neighborhood, you get a bonus.

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If you hit a certain number of deliveries,

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or racing, in this period,

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which is a period determined
by the companies algorithm,

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you get an extra.\"

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As they hold the monopoly
of information control,

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they are not intermediaries.

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They shape the job market

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and guide worker behavior.

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How many hours do I work a day?

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Varies a lot,

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because sometimes I
leave the house at 9 am

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and I keep working until
about 3, 4 in the morning.

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I ride a lot!

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Sometimes I think about
taking a few days off,

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like on monday,

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and I can\'t, because the
application is addictive.

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The number of orders for
deliveries in Rio

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is much larger than in
the city of Niteroi.

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It pays to come to Rio de Janeiro,

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than staying in the
city of Niteroi working.

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Sometimes I go

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until 4:30 in the afternoon, more or less,

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which is the time I have to pick up my son.

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I do it during the week,

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Monday to Friday, right?

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From Friday to Saturday,

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I also do this work at night, right?

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Normally I go until 6, 7 in the morning.

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I sleep like 2, 3 hours.

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I wake up, I go to lunch, I fix some things,

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I sleep another 3 hours in the afternoon

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and come back to run around 8 or 9 pm

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and I also go until about 4,
5 in the morning.

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There are Sundays that I work,

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There are Sundays that I don\'t work.

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Depends on my financial need

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of that week.

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So, if you need some extra cash,

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you already know you\'re
going to work harder

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and make that money.

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Application demand

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does not always meet the
needs of our pocket,

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but you already have, more
or less, that parameter

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of what you can do.

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People come from Niteroi,
get off at XV square

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and come here to Cinelandia,

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where we turn on the application
and start working.

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Because it is where the largest
number of orders are concentrated

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of meals and everything.

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It rang, I\'m already leaving for a run.

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The language with which entrepreneurs

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sell the precariousness of work,

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wrapped up in the notions
of partnership, community,

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of freedom, flexibility,

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also contains another key concept,

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which is the concept of meritocracy.

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So if you\'re going to do more or less runs,

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if you will have more or less money,

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it all depends on your own effort.

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Because if you follow your effort,

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you will become a well-placed person socially.

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Then, it presupposes that the inequality

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is acceptable.

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-Hey. Good afternoon?
-Good afternoon. Ana?

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Ana? Here.

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Excuse me.

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And, in this regard, in this particular,

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the discourse of meritocracy is very perverse,

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because it has as horizon

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the idea that it is possible to build

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a just society of unequal people.

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When the number of orders,
in the central region,

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has a much lower demand,

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we leave for the South Zone,
where demand is much higher.

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The guys who ride bikes who usually
double their shifts like I do,

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we keep groups.

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Because it\'s from this group
that you take the support

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the app doesn\'t give you.

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Like, a broken bike

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and, if the partner is close,
will help you in some way.

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And also, sometimes, when
there\'s a rush for a

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a little distant place, at dawn,

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the other goes along so you
don\'t feel insecure.

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You know what we have to complain

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with the apps?

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There was an accident, to
have support for us,

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because we have no support, bro.

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I had an accident today.

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Lucky for me, I was wearing a helmet.

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If I wasn\'t wearing a helmet,

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here the helmet all shredded...

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I broke my teeth...

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all hurt.

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And I\'m having to work on the sacrifice,

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because if I stop, I won\'t get anything.

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And the bills don\'t stop, the bills don\'t wait.

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I have to pay rent,

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I have to pay for my food...

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I have to support myself.

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I would have to have an
aid from my application,

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because I was not walking, strolling.

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I was serving an application client,

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when I had an accident.

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We are responsible for the application,

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but the app has no responsibility to us.

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At a certain point, I was working,

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I was kind of on the track.

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My tire blew out and I already had an order.

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And then I contacted my support

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and unfortunately support said
it couldn\'t do anything

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and that I was on my own.

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Another motoboy came, took my order,

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and I stay in the middle of nowhere,

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with a flat tire,

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without the support I needed.

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That\'s a downside

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of you not working with Labor Laws,

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but it\'s something that,

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on the formal side, it
also has its downside.

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Got the side of you really getting stuck

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and be, literally, ordered by someone,

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when, in fact, you work at the company

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dissatisfied with your work,

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able to work independently today

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and hold it in the back.

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What, in practice, these
companies are doing is

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saying you have the freedom to choose

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managing your time at work,

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but at the same time they
take away from you

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your ability to manage your
life outside of work,

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through lack of rights.

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What we call precarization.

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you get hurt,

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have to take some time away from work,

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you will not receive

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because you don\'t have sick leave.

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You want a vacation.

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You will not get paid.

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if you work

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using a more dangerous vehicle,

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or in a more dangerous area,

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you will not receive hazard pay.

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All this means absence of rights.

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I opened an Individual micro
enterprise for myself,

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because I found it, like, fundamental

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that I had my rights protected.

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When I made this Individual
micro enterprise, it was good,

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because I could have the
right to maternity leave.

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Despite not having the income I had

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with the app, but at
least it was guaranteed

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this issue of

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of having a value to help me.

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There is a first attempt at a solution

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which is on its own individual scale.

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This attempt would be the conversion

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of service providers

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in Individual micro enterprises.

00:16:09.935 --> 00:16:12.438
Individual microentrepreneurs.

00:16:13.238 --> 00:16:17.376
The question that everyone
involved should ask themselves

00:16:18.143 --> 00:16:22.348
is whether the Individual micro
enterprise option is really better

00:16:23.082 --> 00:16:26.218
than the option for Labor Laws.

00:16:27.386 --> 00:16:29.188
Sometimes we arrive in a region

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where is a risk area.

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You know it\'s not cool.

00:16:32.691 --> 00:16:34.960
This year, we had two cases.

00:16:34.960 --> 00:16:37.930
One of a driver who was murdered,

00:16:38.297 --> 00:16:41.300
and another one who was kidnapped

00:16:41.300 --> 00:16:43.002
and they found him...

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inside a car trunk.

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We really have to be careful,

00:16:47.106 --> 00:16:50.843
look where you\'re going

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who are you taking.

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We usually check passengers\' notes,

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exactly, so that we can protect ourselves.

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And it\'s not just at night, no, at dawn.

00:17:02.855 --> 00:17:06.225
But today the apps punish us,

00:17:06.225 --> 00:17:08.694
when we refuse a certain call.

00:17:08.694 --> 00:17:09.995
As self-employed,

00:17:09.995 --> 00:17:13.866
this sort of thing shouldn\'t
be heavy for us.

00:17:13.866 --> 00:17:15.834
And I, in particular, will not put

00:17:15.834 --> 00:17:17.503
my physical integrity at risk

00:17:17.836 --> 00:17:19.304
to take a call,

00:17:19.304 --> 00:17:20.973
a certain call

00:17:20.973 --> 00:17:22.941
just because of acceptance rate

00:17:22.941 --> 00:17:24.176
or cancellation.

00:17:25.444 --> 00:17:27.846
Due to the absence of rights,

00:17:28.480 --> 00:17:30.582
it is possible to establish a parallel

00:17:30.816 --> 00:17:33.552
between the precariousness
of labor relations,

00:17:33.552 --> 00:17:34.620
in the 21st century,

00:17:35.521 --> 00:17:40.225
and forced labor relations
in the 19th century.

00:17:43.162 --> 00:17:45.330
Today we do not have
slavery as it existed.

00:17:45.931 --> 00:17:50.402
The entrepreneur does
not practice the exercise

00:17:50.402 --> 00:17:53.972
of physical violence against the worker.

00:17:54.339 --> 00:17:56.442
Because, deep down, the
entrepreneur is not the owner

00:17:56.442 --> 00:17:57.776
of that person.

00:17:57.776 --> 00:17:59.812
And that difference is
important to mark.

00:18:02.047 --> 00:18:03.115
On the other hand,

00:18:03.882 --> 00:18:07.152
Today\'s companies rely on workers

00:18:07.152 --> 00:18:09.555
entering the precarious job market

00:18:10.389 --> 00:18:12.925
on a massive scale.

00:18:14.126 --> 00:18:16.895
And if one gets hurt or dies,

00:18:16.895 --> 00:18:19.798
the company does not lose anything from this.

00:18:21.733 --> 00:18:22.868
Today we have, for example,

00:18:22.868 --> 00:18:25.370
here in Belo Horizonte, FANMA, right?

00:18:26.238 --> 00:18:29.408
Which is the National Support Front
for the Autonomous Driver.

00:18:29.708 --> 00:18:31.944
Today we have some claims,

00:18:31.944 --> 00:18:33.479
which are the security issue.

00:18:33.479 --> 00:18:35.614
Another issue is the issue of tariffs.

00:18:36.048 --> 00:18:40.719
It is clearly absurd today what apps

00:18:40.719 --> 00:18:41.987
take from us.

00:18:42.221 --> 00:18:46.558
It has already caught more
than 40% of a race.

00:18:47.159 --> 00:18:50.496
Considering that we have the
cost, vehicle maintenance,

00:18:50.496 --> 00:18:52.064
we have the fuel.

00:18:57.336 --> 00:18:58.704
In the future, I intend to...

00:18:59.805 --> 00:19:00.672
set up a space

00:19:01.273 --> 00:19:03.342
in which these people can have a period of rest,

00:19:03.342 --> 00:19:04.610
where we can also

00:19:04.610 --> 00:19:07.246
do preventive maintenance on the guy\'s bike,

00:19:07.246 --> 00:19:08.947
where we can also

00:19:09.781 --> 00:19:11.750
support in the morning, during the day.

00:19:12.050 --> 00:19:12.885
Which is a tire that bursts,

00:19:12.885 --> 00:19:14.319
It\'s a brake that no longer works.

00:19:14.319 --> 00:19:16.121
In this space, we get the crowd

00:19:16.755 --> 00:19:18.857
that comes from Baixada,
from Niteroi, Sao Gonçalo

00:19:19.458 --> 00:19:21.193
and often ends up sleeping on the beach.

00:19:23.061 --> 00:19:24.897
When you lose these benefits,

00:19:25.497 --> 00:19:27.799
you practically have to...

00:19:28.333 --> 00:19:32.104
rebuild the bonds of life
with an informal network

00:19:32.304 --> 00:19:35.974
of support for the reproduction
of the family and of oneself.

00:19:39.811 --> 00:19:44.816
These social relationships are
reminiscent of mutualism

00:19:44.917 --> 00:19:47.553
which was the form of collective
organization of work

00:19:48.053 --> 00:19:50.889
in the 19th century, at the time
of the Industrial Revolution.

00:19:51.290 --> 00:19:54.293
Therefore, before the consolidation

00:19:54.293 --> 00:19:55.827
of workers\' rights,

00:19:56.261 --> 00:19:57.796
of labor legislation.

00:19:58.096 --> 00:19:59.665
-Good afternoon. Gabriel?
-Yes.

00:20:00.933 --> 00:20:03.302
It is curious that now,
in the 21st century,

00:20:03.602 --> 00:20:08.574
we see the emergence of relationships

00:20:08.907 --> 00:20:10.842
of solidarity among workers

00:20:10.842 --> 00:20:12.644
who are outside the law

00:20:12.945 --> 00:20:16.648
and refer to a social
practice of the 19th century.

00:20:20.052 --> 00:20:23.355
This here is a point where
the crowd would get together

00:20:23.355 --> 00:20:25.257
and slept right here on the beach.

00:20:25.991 --> 00:20:28.193
And also, next door, we have the bathroom.

00:20:28.193 --> 00:20:28.894
where we took a bath,

00:20:29.228 --> 00:20:30.462
when you leave the beach early in the morning,

00:20:30.462 --> 00:20:32.264
that cold, yummy bath...

00:20:32.464 --> 00:20:34.166
to keep working during the day,

00:20:34.366 --> 00:20:35.267
here in Copacabana.

00:20:40.439 --> 00:20:43.976
leaving home to work,

00:20:43.976 --> 00:20:46.545
especially at night, it is very difficult.

00:20:48.180 --> 00:20:50.148
One two three four

00:20:50.148 --> 00:20:52.217
One two three four

00:20:52.918 --> 00:20:53.986
That\'s it.

00:20:54.253 --> 00:20:55.821
Because sometimes we...

00:20:55.821 --> 00:20:58.924
it\'s a Saturday, a Friday night,

00:20:58.924 --> 00:21:00.559
everyone is enjoying it

00:21:00.559 --> 00:21:02.761
or on a Sunday, everyone is with the family,

00:21:02.761 --> 00:21:07.165
or Christmas, a New Year, and we have to go out.

00:21:07.165 --> 00:21:08.033
So give mommy a kiss,

00:21:08.033 --> 00:21:08.967
- Mom will go to work.
- Give your mom a kiss.

00:21:12.704 --> 00:21:14.072
- Kiss.
-Give your mom a kiss.

00:21:14.072 --> 00:21:15.407
Now come here. Come here.

00:21:16.141 --> 00:21:16.708
Come here.

00:21:17.709 --> 00:21:19.645
Let\'s give Mom a little kiss, both of us.

00:21:27.386 --> 00:21:30.956
There are days when a
great anguish hits

00:21:30.956 --> 00:21:34.593
of having to leave and
leave the family behind.

00:21:35.427 --> 00:21:38.930
There are times when you
want to run away, go home,

00:21:39.598 --> 00:21:42.434
buy some popcorn and
stay with the family,

00:21:42.434 --> 00:21:43.669
watching a movie...

00:21:44.736 --> 00:21:47.272
or simply rest.

00:21:47.906 --> 00:21:51.209
I usually get home at dawn,

00:21:52.110 --> 00:21:56.448
and, many times, my son is waking up.

00:21:57.649 --> 00:22:00.619
But we have a commitment, we have

00:22:01.753 --> 00:22:03.021
responsibility

00:22:03.755 --> 00:22:07.259
and we know that sometimes
we have to make sacrifices.

00:22:21.940 --> 00:22:22.941
I currently see

00:22:22.941 --> 00:22:26.912
three possible solutions

00:22:27.813 --> 00:22:30.248
for the precariousness of work.

00:22:30.449 --> 00:22:32.284
Brutal and violent, as we see it.

00:22:32.684 --> 00:22:36.188
Reshape power relationships
within companies.

00:22:36.321 --> 00:22:38.357
Companies open boards

00:22:38.357 --> 00:22:43.128
in which workers are
entitled to participate

00:22:43.128 --> 00:22:45.697
in the decision-making process
of the company itself.

00:22:46.031 --> 00:22:47.666
What would be the second option?

00:22:47.866 --> 00:22:51.169
That the State intervene
in the relations

00:22:51.603 --> 00:22:54.573
between workers and digital companies,

00:22:54.773 --> 00:22:56.908
doing the proper mediation

00:22:57.342 --> 00:22:59.711
and characterizing work relationships

00:22:59.711 --> 00:23:02.147
as an employment relationship.

00:23:02.247 --> 00:23:03.715
And the third solution would be to reset

00:23:04.049 --> 00:23:08.587
property relations, in the digital economy,

00:23:08.820 --> 00:23:11.723
to diversify the digital economy itself.

00:23:11.790 --> 00:23:14.960
The workers would have
to set up a cooperative,

00:23:15.360 --> 00:23:18.130
using urban mobility platforms,

00:23:18.630 --> 00:23:21.032
cloning their technology,

00:23:21.600 --> 00:23:23.969
and setting up cooperatives owned

00:23:23.969 --> 00:23:25.904
by the workers themselves,

00:23:26.204 --> 00:23:28.640
with a democratic model of management.

00:23:29.174 --> 00:23:32.077
These cooperatives have the advantage

00:23:32.077 --> 00:23:34.379
of not taking from the workers

00:23:35.213 --> 00:23:38.817
25%, 28% of each race,

00:23:39.384 --> 00:23:41.052
in the form of profit for the entrepreneur.

00:23:41.486 --> 00:23:42.954
Currently, I have my college locked up,

00:23:43.121 --> 00:23:44.289
I do Marketing,

00:23:44.723 --> 00:23:46.391
but it is locked, exactly,

00:23:46.391 --> 00:23:48.160
because of my day to day, it is very busy,

00:23:48.160 --> 00:23:49.795
But until I finish, I\'m
dedicating myself to the bike.

00:23:52.731 --> 00:23:56.067
My intention now is to focus on my training.

00:23:56.067 --> 00:23:58.937
I\'ll have to settle into my routine

00:23:58.937 --> 00:24:01.573
a time for study, so that I can

00:24:01.573 --> 00:24:03.208
get back to my routine

00:24:03.208 --> 00:24:07.579
of public contest, and the test of
the Order of Lawyers of Brazil.

00:24:16.421 --> 00:24:18.256
The answer to the problem is

00:24:18.990 --> 00:24:22.060
not on the individual scale.

00:24:22.761 --> 00:24:24.062
the problem answer

00:24:24.596 --> 00:24:28.300
is on the scale of the collective
organization of workers.

00:24:29.634 --> 00:24:30.569
Hey. Goodnight!

00:24:30.569 --> 00:24:32.037
Can I have a cheese bread?

00:24:32.604 --> 00:24:36.174
I usually come to this bakery, at dawn,

00:24:36.241 --> 00:24:39.010
to relax before going back to work.

00:24:41.580 --> 00:24:44.316
With precariousness, it comes along

00:24:44.483 --> 00:24:45.350
the dismantle

00:24:45.717 --> 00:24:47.085
the dismantling

00:24:47.519 --> 00:24:48.553
of the unions.

00:24:49.588 --> 00:24:50.755
Because, on the other hand,

00:24:50.922 --> 00:24:53.558
is the collective organization of capital.

00:24:54.392 --> 00:24:55.827
Will they accept me?

00:24:56.428 --> 00:24:57.496
Excellent.

00:25:22.020 --> 00:25:28.660
4 million people work for service app
companies in Brazil without working links.

00:25:30.028 --> 00:25:33.298
Superexplored during the pandemic, the app delivery
people organized the first general strike on July 1st, 2020.

00:25:33.331 --> 00:25:42.207
Since then, they have been mobilizing to claim
better working conditions and to create cooperatives.