WEBVTT

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And she came in and touched my foot,

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she touched my hand and walked away.

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I was doing my job

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and what they had created on the internet

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it was a fiction about me.

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Misinformation or fake news

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can have very serious consequences.

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When I woke up on Friday morning,

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my life had been turned upside down.

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I had no record of what an attack is,

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a virtual lynching.

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So the importance of media
education is there.

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Fake news is now a social problem.

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And we need to fight.

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If, in the past, information took days

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to arrive, today, with the internet,

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one click is enough.

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Everything is instantaneous, however,
not everything that appears

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on a computer or cell
phone screen is true.

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Fake news spreads like the
plague and the media...

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I\'m an artist and I\'ve been
living between Paris and Sao Paulo

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for 15 years.

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And I live more inside the airport

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than out of it.

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More on the move than at home.

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And this transit helps me create

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my works, like La Bête, for example.

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Which is a job that has no language, right?

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It\'s a job that doesn\'t need a language,

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but that is a language

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which is accessed in multiple languages.

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How much you have, Gil?

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Hey.

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Good Morning!

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Good morning, Wagner!

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When I\'m designing a job,

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or imagining a project,

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here is the place to do emails,

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have lunch, play with the dog,

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to imagine how

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would be the technical structure
of this work, you know?

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Imagine, make connections,

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talk about production, diffusion.

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How is the life of this project when

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it\'s ready.

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Well, from “La Bete”, on Tuesday...

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Do you know if the staff has
already made the letter of...

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Because I asked for an image
authorization letter.

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For all the people who
go to see “La Bete”

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I want them to sign.

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\"The Animal\" is the experience,

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it is this touch that exists
between the person and the object.

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And when I saw \"The Animal\",

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I saw inside a glass box,

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that was very impactful for me.

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I thought...

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I could become an animal.

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\"Becoming an Animal\", by Lygia Clark.

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Between observation and
action, “La Bete” is formed

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and concludes as a performance.

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In 2015, I was invited to present “La Bete”

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and I decided to opt for yes.

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Right after the presentation,

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I was invited to perform at a
lot of other festivals in Brazil

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and the interaction always happened.

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Until 2017.

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The educational technology coordinator

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works with the teacher and students

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to achieve pedagogical ends,
through technology.

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It is a position that did
not exist in the municipality,

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it is rare in Brazilian municipalities,

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only that it is an essential job today,

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because we see how much technology

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It\'s in everyone\'s everyday life.

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And few are the Licentiate
and Pedagogy courses

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which have subjects dealing
with educational technology.

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So this is a big problem today.

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My day to day starts with a meeting

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to pick up the week\'s work.

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So we see which formations

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we will do this week,

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we analyze who we can contact

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to bring to do some training.

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So I\'ve been taking it to the teachers

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training linked to media education.

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Because this is something that
is lacking in their training.

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And you saw it, right? There are
teachers interested in doing it.

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So, it\'s not just the municipality.

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What is media education?

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It is for us to position the student

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and we mediate the student\'s relationship

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with all media,

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so that they know their responsibilities,

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so that they know how to use ethically

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and that\'s where we\'ll get to fake news.

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The term fake news was born in the coverage

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of the American electoral process,

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in the presidential elections, to refer

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to some news sites that were broadcasting

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false information about

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Hillary Clinton\'s candidacy.

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Trump, who was an opponent of Hillary Clinton,

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adopted the term in another sense,

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he came to refer to any type of coverage

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that he judged inaccurate, incorrect, unfair

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of the big press.

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And for that reason, from the beginning,

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It is a very difficult term to define.

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And there was a displacement of some scholars

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who abandoned that term

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and we started to use the term

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of \"partisan sites\", or \"hyperpartisan sites\"

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to refer to the essence of the phenomenon.

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Because the essence of the
phenomenon is not a lie.

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The essence of the phenomenon
is to adapt the facts

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to political speeches.

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You\'ll get a headline, you\'ll get a lead,

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will have an \"open\", will have quotes.

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Everything looks like a news story,

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just don\'t have the journalistic procedure

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behind this news item,

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has no assessment.

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And in this adaptation,

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you pass the limits.

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Put a headline in disagreement with the text,

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you take a fact out of context,

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and, at the limit, you lie.

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Great.
Do it.

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Hey! No, but I didn\'t mention the...

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Hey! For starters, I would like to do

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an analogy.

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Is it an analogy or a metaphor?

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Internet is like a public square.

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You... No, wait.

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My name is Peter Trento.

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And this media education is so important

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that we created a Training
and Media Center here.

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I came to talk to you

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a little bit about the
dangers of the internet.

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-It was good.
-It got better?

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-Yea.
-Great.

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We created a video channel

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for us to make some recordings

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with teachers and students

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and we also created a podcast,

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which is a longer audio format,

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for us to create a whole conversation

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about some subjects.

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Then, fake news, as it is linked to
the letter in the public notice,

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we put it as third.

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Right?

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Then we can put here to
educate the media as fourth.

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-\"Bullying\" as fifth.
-Yes.

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Testing the sound here from...

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Our society did not have
this media education.

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One, because it is very recent,

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another, because universities

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were not prepared for this.

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Now that this kind of teacher,

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which is the so-called \"digital native\",

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will begin to train in Pedagogy courses.

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So it\'s still something very new.

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The performance “La Bete” is very simple.

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As I said I became an animal,

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I became a body to be bent

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and unfolded

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by the people who propose

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to step in and manipulate me.

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The image of a girl touching
the artist\'s foot

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Wagner Schwartz, who performed naked

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during an exhibition at
the Museum of Modern Art

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of Sao Paulo, caused protests...

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They made a video of one of the parts

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from “La Bete”,

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when choreographer Elisabete Finger

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enter with her daughter

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on stage.

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...was accompanied by her mother.

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There was a notice on the door of the room.

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about nude scenes.

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And posted on social media.

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Digital militias recovered this video

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and reposted this video with a new caption,

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saying that the museum

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incited pedophilia

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and that I was a pedophile.

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\"Pedophilia is not art\"
\"Outlaws Eroticizing Child\"

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\"How could a child touch foot and hand

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of a naked man?\"

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That, to me, was revolting,

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because if i really were a pedophile

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and was dressed, in the eyes of society,

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there would be no problem.

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There were so many fake news,
so many photos of me

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spread by whatsapp

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that they connected what I was doing

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to the left.

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And that the right would
be able to save Brazil

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of this shame.

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They attacked art.

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Why art?

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Because artists denounce.

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Artists denounce, with their own bodies,

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the violence they see outside the gallery,

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from their own house,
from their own studio...

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This phenomenon is all exploitation

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of a psychological phenomenon

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known as \"confirmation bias\".

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\"Confirmation bias\" is a
tendency we have to accept,

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too easily, too uncritically,

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what confirms what we think

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and to reject, in a very harsh way,

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what criticizes

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what is incompatible with
what we already believe.

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When we have a very passionate
political position,

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our \"confirmation bias\" goes up.

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And, basically, what we\'re seeing

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is a news-producing ecosystem

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that is exploiting this vulnerability.

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Political polarization is
the cause of fake news

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or the fake news feeds

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political polarization? We don\'t know.

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They come along.

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People are producing every day

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hundreds, thousands of news

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which outrage the public.

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So it\'s like a firewood that
you throw at the fire

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and keep it on

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the temperature of the political debate,

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makes people hot-headed.

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When they\'re hot headed,

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everything that comes is food
for political polarization.

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They are very uncritical,

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accept any nonsense

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that confirms what they already think

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and they hit the share button

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to assert their political position

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and to attack the opponent\'s
political position.

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from the time that

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attacks began,

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I was forced to testify

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at the 4th Police Station for
the Repression of Pedophilia.

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So I spent three hours giving testimony.

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Then came the Parliamentary Commission
of Inquiry into ill-treatment,

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who also wanted my presence.

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I didn\'t try to defend myself, because

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I didn\'t need any defense.

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I was doing my job

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and what they had created on the internet

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it was a fiction about me.

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I didn\'t want to talk

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and I felt that I didn\'t need to speak,

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because other people were speaking for me.

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They dressed the body of “La Bete”.

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They defined that they too

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were “La Bete”.

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They were also Lygia\'s animal.

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Then there was a national uprising

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with that matter.

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And this revolt

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it was what gave me strength

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to get back to work.

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To continue creating.

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An increasingly present expression

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in our daily lives, it was chosen
as the word of the year.

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Fake news.

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For those who believe everything
they read on the internet

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and on social media, beware.

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Fake news has many disguises

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and devastating power.

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Fake news, man, is old.

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Really?

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In 1835, in The New York Sun,

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There was news that people
were found on the Moon.

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People?

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A civilization that lived on the Moon.

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And with photos proving it.

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-Damn!
-And it was in the newspaper

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The New York Sun

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and people bought this newspaper a lot.

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Why did we only hear about fake news,

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recently?

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Fake news gained prominence

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for two reasons:

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1, because it is a machine

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to work in favor of an interest;

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the other end of it is the ease

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of you doing this sharing.

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It doesn\'t require much thought when sharing,

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that\'s the big problem.

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And that\'s why this kind of content

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we have to take it to a debate at school.

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WhatsApp is a tool

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very conducive to the spread of fake news

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and misinformation in general,

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because it is end-to-end encrypted

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and forming closed networks.

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So if you are in a WhatsApp group,

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with your family, your neighbors,

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your school friends,

00:15:28.727 --> 00:15:30.496
that group, only the people within the group

00:15:30.496 --> 00:15:32.298
know what\'s going on there.

00:15:32.298 --> 00:15:34.500
External monitoring is not possible.

00:15:34.566 --> 00:15:37.069
So what we did was monitor public groups,

00:15:37.069 --> 00:15:40.039
that is, groups that shared

00:15:40.039 --> 00:15:40.940
invitations publicly.

00:15:40.940 --> 00:15:42.841
\"Join my group to discuss the elections,

00:15:42.841 --> 00:15:44.376
to discuss and support

00:15:44.376 --> 00:15:45.344
so-and-so\'s candidacy.\"

00:15:45.344 --> 00:15:48.380
The images that were checked

00:15:48.380 --> 00:15:51.317
and that were factually correct

00:15:51.350 --> 00:15:52.851
it was a ridiculous number.

00:15:53.185 --> 00:15:54.353
It was below 20%.

00:15:54.753 --> 00:15:59.391
So there was the field of the spread of the lie

00:15:59.391 --> 00:16:02.728
and the rumour, the unverified thing,

00:16:03.195 --> 00:16:05.264
unverified and unverifiable.

00:16:17.776 --> 00:16:20.045
Four months later, I decided to speak up.

00:16:20.045 --> 00:16:22.448
I even decided to go to TV too.

00:16:22.514 --> 00:16:26.352
And I got letters from people who apologized,

00:16:26.352 --> 00:16:28.220
because they were attacking me,

00:16:28.220 --> 00:16:31.256
because their best friend had also assaulted,

00:16:31.256 --> 00:16:32.858
or the family had assaulted

00:16:32.858 --> 00:16:36.495
and they had all understood,
in the heat of the moment,

00:16:36.495 --> 00:16:39.098
that it shouldn\'t be done,

00:16:39.098 --> 00:16:41.066
that it was absurd.

00:16:42.034 --> 00:16:46.038
So this is the other evil role

00:16:46.038 --> 00:16:47.506
of fake news.

00:16:47.740 --> 00:16:48.707
It\'s the urgency.

00:16:49.341 --> 00:16:52.044
It\'s how fast

00:16:52.044 --> 00:16:55.547
a person can define

00:16:55.547 --> 00:16:57.449
and judge an image.

00:17:00.519 --> 00:17:02.221
There\'s a lot of study showing

00:17:02.221 --> 00:17:05.924
that the lie spreads faster than the truth.

00:17:06.025 --> 00:17:08.660
People share the lie more than the truth.

00:17:08.660 --> 00:17:11.163
And the reason for that is because the lie

00:17:11.163 --> 00:17:13.599
adapts more easily to political discourses,

00:17:13.832 --> 00:17:15.968
because it doesn\'t need to respect the facts.

00:17:16.368 --> 00:17:18.237
So it sticks in political discourse,

00:17:18.237 --> 00:17:21.040
I have an audience that is very divided,

00:17:21.040 --> 00:17:23.776
is very passionate about
their political convictions,

00:17:23.776 --> 00:17:25.944
they get these things that confirm

00:17:25.944 --> 00:17:27.046
what they already think

00:17:27.046 --> 00:17:28.814
and they hit the share button really fast,

00:17:28.814 --> 00:17:30.582
and the fake news spreads.

00:17:32.684 --> 00:17:34.119
I collected some news here.

00:17:34.119 --> 00:17:36.622
The idea is: I go to the population,

00:17:36.889 --> 00:17:39.091
for us to check what they know

00:17:39.091 --> 00:17:40.692
about fake news

00:17:40.893 --> 00:17:42.027
and try to identify

00:17:42.027 --> 00:17:45.364
which is true, which is false.

00:17:49.968 --> 00:17:51.437
Hey. How are you?

00:17:51.437 --> 00:17:52.538
How are you?

00:17:52.538 --> 00:17:54.239
I\'m Professor Peter.

00:17:54.273 --> 00:17:55.974
I\'m Professor Peter, how are you?

00:17:55.974 --> 00:17:57.242
Can I show you some news?

00:17:57.276 --> 00:17:59.344
\"City residents in Canada are shocked

00:17:59.344 --> 00:18:01.713
with the pink water coming out of the faucets.\"

00:18:01.713 --> 00:18:05.551
Do you think it\'s fake or true news?

00:18:05.551 --> 00:18:06.251
It\'s fake.

00:18:06.251 --> 00:18:07.953
It looks fake, I don\'t know.

00:18:07.953 --> 00:18:09.154
I think false.

00:18:09.254 --> 00:18:12.024
This one, for example, is real news.

00:18:12.591 --> 00:18:13.225
Oh! Don\'t believe it!

00:18:13.692 --> 00:18:15.127
When you get news,

00:18:15.427 --> 00:18:17.830
there are some simple steps for you to do

00:18:17.830 --> 00:18:20.232
for you to check if it is true or false news.

00:18:20.232 --> 00:18:22.167
\"Hot pineapple water

00:18:22.167 --> 00:18:23.735
kills cancer cells,

00:18:23.735 --> 00:18:25.938
according to Professor Chen Huiren,

00:18:25.938 --> 00:18:27.806
of the Beijing Army General Hospital.\"

00:18:28.540 --> 00:18:29.741
It looks like it\'s real.

00:18:29.808 --> 00:18:30.809
It looks like it\'s true.

00:18:30.809 --> 00:18:31.477
-Yes?
-It looks.

00:18:31.577 --> 00:18:33.045
First and simplest,

00:18:33.045 --> 00:18:35.547
is you to check some evidence of this news.

00:18:35.647 --> 00:18:39.384
Name of people, institutions, location.

00:18:39.685 --> 00:18:42.154
The second moment is to go after the sources.

00:18:42.154 --> 00:18:43.055
Who posted this?

00:18:43.355 --> 00:18:45.124
And then you can get to the context,

00:18:45.157 --> 00:18:46.492
how did it get to you,

00:18:46.558 --> 00:18:49.361
have you seen this in some other major media?

00:18:49.361 --> 00:18:52.598
This is news that comes from social media.

00:18:52.598 --> 00:18:54.633
Such important news,

00:18:54.633 --> 00:18:58.670
that we have something that fights cancer cells,

00:18:58.670 --> 00:19:01.940
we would see it in major newspapers, right?

00:19:01.940 --> 00:19:02.875
publishing.

00:19:02.875 --> 00:19:05.010
So this one is fake news.

00:19:05.811 --> 00:19:07.279
And then you arrive at the audience.

00:19:07.279 --> 00:19:10.816
To which public was this news directed?

00:19:10.849 --> 00:19:13.485
Is there a purpose behind this news?

00:19:13.485 --> 00:19:15.287
Any intention?

00:19:15.687 --> 00:19:17.556
Be an intention to harm someone,

00:19:17.556 --> 00:19:20.159
be a political intention.

00:19:20.159 --> 00:19:22.327
And, last but not least,

00:19:22.327 --> 00:19:24.730
language checking.

00:19:24.730 --> 00:19:27.065
If you have any errors in
the Portuguese language,

00:19:27.065 --> 00:19:29.968
if you have any kind of
editing on the image.

00:19:29.968 --> 00:19:32.204
You following these steps,

00:19:32.271 --> 00:19:33.872
for sure you will find out

00:19:33.872 --> 00:19:36.308
whether this is true or false news.

00:19:36.308 --> 00:19:38.076
-Sharing is very easy.
-Yes.

00:19:38.210 --> 00:19:40.345
We have to pay attention when sharing.

00:19:40.345 --> 00:19:41.413
It is true. That\'s right.

00:19:41.780 --> 00:19:42.781
Thanks.

00:19:42.781 --> 00:19:43.849
Thank you!

00:19:44.016 --> 00:19:46.518
Platforms are under a lot of pressure

00:19:46.518 --> 00:19:48.387
to answer this fake news problem

00:19:48.387 --> 00:19:50.289
and they hardened the combat a lot,

00:19:50.289 --> 00:19:53.158
avoiding acting as referee.

00:19:53.158 --> 00:19:54.693
Because we don\'t want a private company

00:19:54.693 --> 00:19:56.428
determine what is true and what is false,

00:19:56.428 --> 00:19:58.864
we also don\'t want the State to determine,

00:19:58.864 --> 00:20:00.465
because the state is a political actor.

00:20:00.465 --> 00:20:02.801
You don\'t want a government on duty

00:20:02.801 --> 00:20:04.570
to determine what is true or false.

00:20:04.570 --> 00:20:06.305
Basically, platforms have to

00:20:06.305 --> 00:20:08.173
identify these malicious actors

00:20:08.173 --> 00:20:12.110
and try to get them out for other violations

00:20:12.110 --> 00:20:13.011
of community rules,

00:20:13.545 --> 00:20:15.414
for example, algorithm manipulation,

00:20:15.414 --> 00:20:17.816
using fake accounts, that sort of thing.

00:20:53.619 --> 00:20:54.519
Still exist

00:20:55.220 --> 00:20:57.055
many things to work on,

00:20:57.055 --> 00:20:58.924
and i think i\'ll still need a lot of time

00:20:58.924 --> 00:21:01.159
to work, because

00:21:01.460 --> 00:21:02.861
I still take breaks.

00:21:03.228 --> 00:21:04.896
When I\'m talking about this subject.

00:21:04.896 --> 00:21:06.298
These are breaks that...

00:21:07.099 --> 00:21:08.200
that went...

00:21:08.367 --> 00:21:10.202
are pauses of embarrassment.

00:21:11.236 --> 00:21:14.640
To touch on a subject that is still so latent.

00:21:16.642 --> 00:21:18.710
But at the same time,

00:21:19.111 --> 00:21:21.613
the maximum exercise

00:21:21.613 --> 00:21:23.915
of the artist is to act.

00:21:24.283 --> 00:21:26.118
The artist cannot keep still.

00:21:26.518 --> 00:21:29.688
He will always be enraptured by creation.

00:21:30.555 --> 00:21:31.189
There\'s no way.

00:21:44.236 --> 00:21:45.971
Fake news can come

00:21:45.971 --> 00:21:47.239
to serious cases,

00:21:47.339 --> 00:21:49.841
like death, lynching,

00:21:49.841 --> 00:21:52.377
ruin a person\'s reputation,

00:21:52.377 --> 00:21:54.179
end a person\'s digital life.

00:21:54.179 --> 00:21:56.081
They have to change schools,

00:21:56.081 --> 00:21:57.749
have to change city.

00:21:58.216 --> 00:22:00.285
And it has affected adults
and children alike.

00:22:01.853 --> 00:22:06.058
It has become a social problem today.

00:22:06.058 --> 00:22:08.026
Just as we fight racism,

00:22:08.026 --> 00:22:10.862
violence against women, homophobia,

00:22:11.129 --> 00:22:13.665
we have to work with the students

00:22:13.665 --> 00:22:15.133
to fight fake news.

00:22:23.875 --> 00:22:26.611
Unfortunately, this prevention work

00:22:26.611 --> 00:22:29.581
and fighting fake news is
something very new still

00:22:29.581 --> 00:22:31.183
and need this literacy

00:22:31.183 --> 00:22:33.885
for this generation of digital natives.

00:22:47.065 --> 00:22:49.234
What has changed is knowing that fake news

00:22:49.267 --> 00:22:51.370
could be integrated into my work.

00:22:51.370 --> 00:22:55.073
I turned them all into dramaturgy

00:22:55.073 --> 00:22:56.842
to create a new project.

00:22:59.244 --> 00:23:00.912
That\'s the artist\'s job.

00:23:02.881 --> 00:23:04.649
Transform into art object

00:23:04.649 --> 00:23:06.151
what doesn\'t work.

00:23:45.657 --> 00:23:47.259
When I think of my son

00:23:47.459 --> 00:23:49.828
as a digital native and, above all,

00:23:49.828 --> 00:23:51.797
like a digital innocent,

00:23:52.531 --> 00:23:55.000
I really hope that

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.604
he manages, in addition to preventing
himself from fake news,

00:23:59.604 --> 00:24:02.908
to know the ethical use of technologies.

00:24:22.160 --> 00:24:28.567
The chances of a fake news being shared
is 70% higher than a true news.

00:24:30.235 --> 00:24:37.442
62% of Brazilians can\'t recognize a fake news.