1
00:00:23,320 --> 00:00:26,480
Conjugate "jump" in the present tense.

2
00:00:33,400 --> 00:00:38,120
We have a lot of languages.
We speak Laal, we speak Arabic,

3
00:00:38,240 --> 00:00:43,160
we speak Niellim.
Even Sara Kaba, I understand it a bit.

4
00:00:43,320 --> 00:00:46,120
I also speak Bua.
Those are all the languages we speak.

5
00:00:46,520 --> 00:00:50,120
Laal, Bua, Niellim...
Arabic...

6
00:00:56,520 --> 00:00:59,160
I speak Laal, Niellim,

7
00:00:59,280 --> 00:01:02,200
Bua, Arabic,

8
00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:05,680
and French, too.

9
00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:10,240
And even Sara, I speak it.
— That's five languages, right?

10
00:01:10,360 --> 00:01:12,400
— Six! It comes to six.

11
00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:15,480
Wouldn't it be more convenient

12
00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:17,880
if everyone spoke the same language?

13

00:01:18,560 --> 00:01:21,400
[In French:]
How to conjugate "jump" in the present perfect?

14
00:01:21,760 --> 00:01:25,240
Could you imagine everyone here
only speaking Chadian Arabic?

15
00:01:30,280 --> 00:01:31,520
I wouldn't like it.

16
00:01:31,640 --> 00:01:35,680
If you speak other people's languages,
when you leave your village,

17
00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:39,760
you can ask for something to drink,
and then go on your way.

18
00:01:40,280 --> 00:01:43,160
Knowing many languages is great!

19
00:01:43,560 --> 00:01:47,400
If you know six, seven, even eight languages,
they think that it's great!

20
00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:50,720
With only one language,
how are you going to get by when you travel?

21
00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:54,400
Those guys don't speak your language.
And you don't speak theirs.

22
00:01:54,520 --> 00:01:56,760
How are you going to live?

23
00:01:56,880 --> 00:01:59,280
Wait... she didn't say all that?

24
00:01:59,360 --> 00:02:02,800
Did she?
— Yes, she said all that!

25
00:03:45,960 --> 00:03:48,560
So, how do you say "hair"?

26
00:03:48,680 --> 00:03:52,920
— "Ɓàglàl gūdā".
— Oh, that is’ “his hair is long”, right?

27
00:03:53,040 --> 00:03:57,280
— Yes. "His hair", that's "úm bàglàl".

28
00:03:57,400 --> 00:04:02,040
— "Úm ɓàglàl márwày!" (long hair)
— "Úm ɓàglàl bān!" (a lot of hair)

29
00:04:02,400 --> 00:04:06,120
— "Bān": "a lot" of hair.

30
00:04:06,240 --> 00:04:07,920
— Hello fishermen!

31
00:04:08,240 --> 00:04:10,800
— Have a good day, fishermen!
— Did you sleep alright?

32
00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:11,960
— Yes, pretty good.

33
00:04:12,040 --> 00:04:14,000
— Hey, how's it going?
— Good, thanks.

34
00:04:14,760 --> 00:04:18,080
— Do you remember me?
— Yes, of course I do.

35
00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:25,080
— Hey! Those kinds of fishing nets are not allowed!
— Even if they're forbidden, we like them!

36
00:05:00,200 --> 00:05:03,240

Oh my God, Kindi is acting like a child!

37
00:05:11,280 --> 00:05:12,080
— How are you?

38
00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:14,280
This is Fati, this is Hadjara...

39
00:05:14,520 --> 00:05:16,400
— How is everybody back home?

40
00:05:16,520 --> 00:05:21,680
And watchamacallit... the one who stayed behind?

41
00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:24,360
— stayed...?
— Yes, the one who stayed in France?

42
00:05:24,480 --> 00:05:26,240
— Djura [Gérard]... Is he well?

43
00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:28,280
— Yes, he well.
— No, "he IS well".

44
00:05:28,360 --> 00:05:29,600
— Well!

45
00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:54,880
Yes! Lay it down gently on the ground.

46
00:06:05,320 --> 00:06:07,320
It's hot! Until dawn...

47
00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:11,600
— Real Madrid, what a great team!
— No, no, no way!

48
00:07:31,840 --> 00:07:34,400
— Hello! See you later!
— Did you sleep well?

49
00:07:35,440 --> 00:07:36,640
— Hello!

50
00:07:38,320 --> 00:07:40,040
— Hi.
— Hello.

51
00:07:40,160 --> 00:07:42,400
— How are you?
— I'm well, thanks!

52
00:07:42,520 --> 00:07:44,640
— Did you have a good day?
— Very good.

53
00:07:44,720 --> 00:07:45,840
— And you?
— Great, thanks.

54
00:07:45,920 --> 00:07:47,080
— Did you sleep well?
— Very good!

55
00:07:47,160 --> 00:07:49,920
— You speak Laal perfectly!
You give quick-fire responses!

56
00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:52,960
"Madame" is still having problems with the greetings.
But you, you answer immediately!

57
00:07:53,480 --> 00:07:56,160
— How are you?
— Good, thanks, and you?

58
00:07:56,440 --> 00:07:59,160
[In Laal:]
— Did you have a good day?
— Yes, very good, thanks.

59
00:07:59,240 --> 00:08:00,440
— You doing alright?
— Yes, doing well.

60
00:08:00,520 --> 00:08:02,360
— Did you have a good rest?
— I did, yes.

61
00:08:02,440 --> 00:08:03,400
— Ok.

62
00:08:04,760 --> 00:08:10,800
So, last time, we got this far, in the dictionary.
The last thing we saw together was...

63
00:08:12,080 --> 00:08:15,440
"kùnylál / kùnyúr": worm, maggot.

64
00:08:15,560 --> 00:08:20,920
— Can I also say: "Já kùrà yāā?"
— Yes.

65
00:08:21,040 --> 00:08:24,160
— And what does that mean?
— "I sow millet."

66
00:08:24,240 --> 00:08:25,080
— Ok.

67
00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:31,280
— What if I sow something else, like beans,
could I also say: "Já kùrà...?"

68
00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:33,560
— "Já kùrà jīrā" (I sow beans).

69
00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:37,600
— So if I say "Já kùrà jīrā" : “I sow beans”.
— Yes.

70
00:08:37,680 --> 00:08:41,640
— And if I say: "Já kúrá jīrā...?"
— “I harvest beans.”

71

00:08:41,720 --> 00:08:43,880
Ok. Subtle distinction!

72
00:08:44,560 --> 00:08:48,040
So, how would you say: “I put my pot on a stand”?

73
00:08:55,080 --> 00:08:57,800
He came on Tuesday ("tàlàg").

74
00:08:58,880 --> 00:09:02,360
He came on... Wednesday ("lárbá").

75
00:09:04,560 --> 00:09:06,640
Monday, Tuesday...

76
00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:53,680
[In Chadian Arabic:]
— We forgot to bring you your tea earlier.
— Ah!

77
00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:58,560
— I just went to pick it up.
— Do you want it to be prepared for everybody?

78
00:09:58,640 --> 00:10:00,520
— No, this is all for you!
— All for me?

79
00:10:00,600 --> 00:10:01,520
— Yes.

80
00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:09,320
— Last year, we talked about their ancestor
who arrived here, in Gori. The first one...

81
00:10:09,480 --> 00:10:13,680
So, could we talk about him again ?

82
00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:17,040
What was his name, the first one who arrived here ?

83
00:10:17,360 --> 00:10:19,680

— Our ancestor,

84
00:10:19,800 --> 00:10:23,520
his name was Tchao Gayal.

85
00:10:24,320 --> 00:10:32,280
I'm going to tell you the story of our village,
when our ancestor arrived here,

86
00:10:33,680 --> 00:10:36,080
Our ancestor came at daybreak.

87
00:10:36,160 --> 00:10:40,000
Dawla, on the other hand, came in the evening.

88
00:10:40,440 --> 00:10:44,800
They both came to hunt.
And they finally bumped into each other.

89
00:10:45,080 --> 00:10:48,080
— "You, where did you come from?

90
00:10:48,480 --> 00:10:53,920
— I came with my people. We cleared an area on
the islet in the river. But when the rains come,

91
00:10:54,760 --> 00:10:59,320
the water will rise and take us away.
So now I'm looking for a place to settle down.

92
00:10:59,600 --> 00:11:05,040
— Oh, you are looking to settle down?
Go over there, north of the village.

93
00:11:05,520 --> 00:11:10,160
Settle down over there,
and our village will grow quickly!"

94
00:11:10,280 --> 00:11:14,680
Jegru and Dawla, those two were the village leaders.

95
00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:21,680

— So, the family of the current chief,

96
00:11:21,800 --> 00:11:24,320
are they the direct descendant of Dawla?

97
00:11:29,560 --> 00:11:32,160
— Hey, what's up?
— I'm good, thanks.

98
00:11:32,360 --> 00:11:35,880
[In Laal:]
I've come to see Adoum. Nyamgour.
— He's inside.

99
00:11:35,960 --> 00:11:38,080
— Inside? Ok, I'll go look for her.

100
00:11:38,160 --> 00:11:41,840
Oops... for HIM!
See you later!

101
00:11:49,520 --> 00:11:52,520
I forgot my camera.

102
00:11:52,680 --> 00:11:55,440
How stupid of me!

103
00:12:00,640 --> 00:12:02,920
Today was the last work session with Okari.

104
00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:06,280
That comes to fifteen sessions in total.
Good job!

105
00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:09,600
And now, botanical expedition.

106
00:12:09,680 --> 00:12:11,040
Ready to roll!

107
00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:14,480
Wow! Desert Man!

108
00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:17,600
— Of course, what else?

109
00:12:17,680 --> 00:12:20,320
— Of course! We're going bushwhacking,
we must dress for it!

110
00:12:20,720 --> 00:12:22,520
— Let's go!
— Let's go!

111
00:12:28,120 --> 00:12:30,760 — "Kɨ̀rnà".
— "Kɨ̀rnà". Oh! It’s that one?

112
00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:33,680
— Its fruits are edible.
— Ok! Wait a second...

113
00:12:34,360 --> 00:12:37,720 [In Laal:]
— What is it called?
— "Kɨ̀rnà".

114
00:12:38,840 --> 00:12:40,840
— What do you do with those?
— We eat the fruit.

115
00:12:40,920 --> 00:12:43,320
— Are they good?
— Yes, the fruit is really good!

116
00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:46,000
— The fruits are small.
— Small... and white.

117
00:12:46,080 --> 00:12:48,320
— Small, and white.
— Yes, white.

118
00:12:56,400 --> 00:12:57,960

That's it!

119
00:13:01,600 --> 00:13:03,640
— If you're hurt, you can crash the fruit

120
00:13:03,760 --> 00:13:07,520
and spread it over your wound.
— That's "mūrtūm"? [Acacia nilotica]

121
00:13:07,640 --> 00:13:11,360
— Yes. It's a medecine for wounds.
— Thanks.

122
00:13:11,920 --> 00:13:15,960
— And "tōl", do you know what it is? "Tōl"...
— "Tōl"...

123
00:13:16,640 --> 00:13:21,000
You pull out the root,
you boil it, and bathe the children with the brew.

124
00:13:21,080 --> 00:13:23,440
Its root is a medicine.

125
00:13:23,520 --> 00:13:26,760
We also use it to make fences.

126
00:13:26,840 --> 00:13:29,000
— "Tōl" [Cymbopogon giganteus]

127
00:13:38,280 --> 00:13:43,360
— That wood is not good to make dugout canoes.
We use it to prepare the fields for cultivation.

128
00:13:43,520 --> 00:13:48,960
And with its sap, we make ink for the marabouts.
That's it.

129
00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:50,560
— Thank you.

130
00:13:51,360 --> 00:13:54,080

— Only the damaged figs are left.

131
00:13:54,160 --> 00:13:57,720
— "Kólé", people eat it, don’t they?
— Yes.

132
00:13:58,640 --> 00:14:01,400
— How about we try one, just to taste it?

133
00:14:02,640 --> 00:14:05,120
Are there ripe ones?

134
00:14:05,280 --> 00:14:09,160
— Only the damaged ones are left.
Everyone has eaten the good ones.

135
00:14:09,280 --> 00:14:11,600
The fruits that are red, there.

136
00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:15,360
— They turn red when they're ripe...
But they're a bit too high!

137
00:14:16,160 --> 00:14:19,080
— "Mānyāl".
— "Mànyál".

138
00:14:19,200 --> 00:14:20,640
— How do you say when there are many?

139
00:14:20,720 --> 00:14:23,440 — "Mə̀ny".
— "Mə̄ny".

140
00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:31,400 — It’s not "mə̄ny" [mid tone],

141
00:14:31,480 --> 00:14:34,600 — "Mànyál / mə̀ny".
— Ok!

142
00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:37,000

it’s "mə̀ny" [low tone].

Thanks!

143
00:15:22,200 --> 00:15:25,840
[Song in Bua language]
Paris-Dakar / You've forgotten that your suffering is here /

144
00:15:25,880 --> 00:15:28,080
A tragedy is in the village /

145
00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:33,760
Paris-Dakar / The hawk caught a Nile perch /
And flew away with it /

146
00:15:44,880 --> 00:15:48,480
[Song in initiation secret language]

147
00:15:52,840 --> 00:15:57,240
[Song in Bagirmi language]
All day in the bush /And the hunter brings game back /

148
00:16:01,360 --> 00:16:05,200
[Song in Bua language]
I greet you, Hey! I greet you /

149
00:16:06,120 --> 00:16:11,160
If you have a big butt, sit down on the ground! /

150
00:16:31,960 --> 00:16:36,200
"They strip the grain off the stalk."

151
00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:15,120
[Song in Bagirmi language]
When a prostitute gives birth, who asks for her child? /

152
00:17:22,360 --> 00:17:28,840
[Song in Bagirmi language]
My sister! I would rather marry a man from Gori /
so I could eat red millet /

153
00:17:34,040 --> 00:17:39,720
My sister! I would rather marry a fisherman /

so I could eat fish /

154
00:17:44,880 --> 00:17:49,120
"The grain sweepers make piles of millet."

155
00:17:54,840 --> 00:17:58,000
He's really mastered our language!

156
00:18:00,520 --> 00:18:03,400
You, your mouth is heavy,
you learn Laal slowly!

157
00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:45,280
— And this, how do you call it?
— "ŋgìí".

158
00:20:45,360 --> 00:20:48,040
— And in the plural?
— "ŋgīīmāny".

159
00:20:48,120 --> 00:20:50,400
— "ŋgìí / ŋgīīmāny".
Thanks!

160
00:21:13,080 --> 00:21:14,640
Hey! How are you?

161
00:21:14,760 --> 00:21:18,840
— Let's hug!
— Yeah, a hug! Oh, we missed you!

162
00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:22,360
How was the trip from Wamsao?
There wasn't too much water?

163
00:21:22,440 --> 00:21:25,000
— There was no water at all, but it was...

164
00:21:26,040 --> 00:21:28,360
He took another route.

165
00:21:29,720 --> 00:21:32,640

— So there was no water?
— No, none at all.

166
00:21:33,520 --> 00:21:37,760
There is a backwater pond.
After the new market at Wamsao.

167
00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:40,880
You cross it with a dugout canoe.
But it's a five-minute walk.

168
00:21:40,960 --> 00:21:43,320
— Oh, so you need a dugout canoe to cross there.
— Yeah...

169
00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:46,240
— But I think in one week, the water will dry up.
— Ok.

170
00:21:46,360 --> 00:21:50,760
— How's it going? It didn't take too long?
— I see you're becoming a Doctor...

171
00:21:50,880 --> 00:21:53,240
—  Yes! I'm changing careers here.

172
00:21:55,720 --> 00:21:59,320
The bark rope is dry. Be careful not to break it.

173
00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:15,080
— It's getting harder!  Already three bottles...

174
00:22:15,480 --> 00:22:18,920
— No, we have four!
— Oh yeah, four.

175
00:22:23,880 --> 00:22:26,720
[In Laal:]
— Do you... did you sleep?
— I slept.

176
00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:31,360
— Did you sleep... nice?

— Sleeping is nice! And now, it's daytime.

177
00:22:31,480 --> 00:22:34,320
And you're working.

178
00:22:42,120 --> 00:22:43,960
Watch out!

179
00:22:49,080 --> 00:22:50,840
That's it.

180
00:22:52,480 --> 00:22:54,280
Thanks, Ali.

181
00:22:59,520 --> 00:23:02,960
Thaaat's it... thaaat's it... thaaat's it...

182
00:23:12,160 --> 00:23:15,080
[In Laal:]
— Did you have a good night?
— Very nice. And you, did you sleep well?

183
00:23:15,160 --> 00:23:16,480
— Yes, good.
— Zacharia!

184
00:23:16,560 --> 00:23:17,600
— How's it going?

185
00:23:17,720 --> 00:23:19,360
Did you sleep alright?
— Thanks to God!

186
00:23:46,440 --> 00:23:48,800
— For "tracks" or "foot prints"...

187
00:23:48,920 --> 00:23:52,960
For tracks left in the sand, for example, can we say "b̄ɨlā"?

188
00:23:53,040 --> 00:23:55,400 — Ah-ha, "b̄ɨlā"...

— Ah-ha, "b̄ɨlā"...

189
00:23:58,040 --> 00:24:01,640 Wèhave "bɨ̀là sám" (python tracks), "bɨlà pèèrí" (snake tracks),

190
00:24:01,760 --> 00:24:04,040 "bɨ̀là gòò"
(goat tracks)...

191
00:24:04,760 --> 00:24:09,480
— "Suàm", that’s a monitor lizard, right?
— Yes, it’s "suàm".

192
00:24:09,800 --> 00:24:13,760
— "Já sór suàm"
(I found a monitor lizard).

193
00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:18,400
— And in the plural form?
— "Sōm".

194
00:24:20,640 --> 00:24:22,480
— "Já sór sōm"
(I found some monitor lizards).

195
00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:25,880
— I want to find a...?
— a "monitor lizard" ("suàm").

196
00:24:25,960 --> 00:24:29,360
— And the plural? I want to find some...?
— some “pythons” ("sómò").

197
00:24:29,440 --> 00:24:32,600
— No! It’s not "sómò" (pythons).
It’s "sōm" (monitor lizards)!

198
00:24:32,680 --> 00:24:39,120
— "Sóómó", it’s the plural of "sāām" (skin).
And "sómò" is the plural of "sám" (python).

199
00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:41,240
— "Sám" is "python"?

200
00:24:41,360 --> 00:24:45,680
— Yes. You have "sám": python.
And "sāām": skin.

201
00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:51,480
— "Sam", there’s too many!
"Sam", is... yeaahhh... all of it!

202
00:24:55,680 --> 00:24:57,640
“Sam, is yeaaahhhh”!!!

203
00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:14,760
Like right now, you're with us...

204
00:26:15,040 --> 00:26:19,200
You don't really know the Laal language.
If they want,

205
00:26:19,320 --> 00:26:23,600
they're going to talk about you to your face,
but you'll never know it.

206
00:26:24,600 --> 00:26:26,720
Did they do that often?

207
00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:39,560
You're still an outsider.

208
00:26:39,640 --> 00:26:43,120
They're still teaching you their language.
They'll never do that.

209
00:26:44,040 --> 00:26:46,040
— Oh, that's good!

210
00:26:46,440 --> 00:26:51,280
— When we marry a woman from another village,
in just a few months,

211
00:26:51,440 --> 00:26:53,520

she'll know how to speak Laal.

212
00:27:03,400 --> 00:27:08,360
— Those two, they came from Korbol.
— And the third one?

213
00:27:12,960 --> 00:27:15,760
She's from... Damtar.

214
00:27:16,600 --> 00:27:21,880
But when they get together,
they all speak their own maternal or paternal languages.

215
00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:25,920
And they all understand each others languages?

216
00:27:29,960 --> 00:27:34,400
She speaks Bua, Doumrao, Bagirmi...

217
00:27:34,560 --> 00:27:37,360
And Arabic? Do you speak it?

218
00:27:39,640 --> 00:27:42,840
Even in Arabic, she manages to get by.

219
00:27:47,240 --> 00:27:51,760
When I arrived here, I didn't speak Bua or Laal.

220
00:27:52,680 --> 00:27:56,080
I learned to speak it with friends of my age group.

221
00:28:01,920 --> 00:28:05,320
She liked the six languages she learned.

222
00:28:12,680 --> 00:28:16,080
Every language she learned,

223
00:28:16,560 --> 00:28:19,080
she loves speaking it.

224
00:28:19,160 --> 00:28:21,400

Is there one language she speaks better
than the others?

225
00:28:24,040 --> 00:28:29,280
The one she knows best is Niellim.
— which is actually her mother's language.

226
00:28:30,200 --> 00:28:32,800
I'm trying to understand why, in this region,

227
00:28:33,640 --> 00:28:37,800
everyone keeps their native language
and also learn their neighbor's one.

228
00:28:38,320 --> 00:28:44,840
Here, when you have a child, you teach them your language.
They learn it while growing.

229
00:28:44,960 --> 00:28:50,000
And then, when they find playmates,
they learn their languages as well.

230
00:28:50,200 --> 00:28:53,000
— So the kids learn on their own?
— Yes!

231
00:28:53,120 --> 00:28:54,720
— Without problems...
— Nope.

232
00:29:03,560 --> 00:29:09,600
He said that even the sheep,
sometimes, if you speak to them in your language,

233
00:29:09,720 --> 00:29:12,600
they'll understand.

234
00:29:13,400 --> 00:29:17,760
— Even the sheep can learn Laal?!
— When they're this big, if you speak to them often enough,

235
00:29:17,840 --> 00:29:20,920
they'll start listening...

236
00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:25,160
— Even the sheep start to understand a few words...

237
00:29:52,600 --> 00:29:57,200
Conjugate "jump" in the present progressive,
the present perfect and the simple future.

238
00:30:14,600 --> 00:30:16,720
... in the present progressive ...

239
00:30:32,840 --> 00:30:37,760
— Ali went to school with Fati.
— Ali went to school with Fati.

240
00:30:38,840 --> 00:30:39,960
— Went.
— Went.

241
00:30:40,040 --> 00:30:40,480
— Ali.

242
00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:41,120
— Ali.

243
00:30:41,240 --> 00:30:42,360
— Went.
— Went.

244
00:30:42,520 --> 00:30:43,480
— li.
— li.

245
00:30:43,600 --> 00:30:44,520
— ni.
— ni.

246
00:30:44,760 --> 00:30:45,800
— ti.
— ti.

247
00:30:45,920 --> 00:30:46,920

— ti. — ti.

248
00:30:47,120 --> 00:30:48,760
— Rémy.
— Rémy.

249
00:30:48,920 --> 00:30:50,920
— and Emy.
— and Emy.

250
00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:53,760
— Rémy and Emy.
— Rémy and Emy.

251
00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:05,320
So she didn't go to school?
Can you ask her?

252
00:31:08,320 --> 00:31:14,840
— No, she didn't go to school.
— And she doesn't find it hard always to learn new languages?

253
00:31:32,320 --> 00:31:35,840
She said it’s the intelligence God gave us.

254
00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:45,160
You stay among people, and they speak their language.
If you're truly a smart person, you'll learn it.

255
00:31:45,720 --> 00:31:51,240
You find it easier to speak your language,
the one spoken by your neighbor,

256
00:31:51,360 --> 00:31:54,720
and then learn the language of Korbol.

257
00:31:54,840 --> 00:31:58,480
And after that, if you go to Kouno,
you learn the language of Kouno.

258
00:31:58,560 --> 00:32:03,080

And on top of that, you learn French at school,
and Chadian Arabic to communicate more widely.

259
00:32:03,160 --> 00:32:08,520
And even Kouno, if I spend one or two months there,
I'm going to learn their language.

260
00:32:08,600 --> 00:32:13,520
It's very easy. Since my brain is already open.
Nothing's missing!

261
00:32:13,880 --> 00:32:16,720
— Nothing's missing... Ok!

262
00:32:23,480 --> 00:32:29,880
She said it wouldn't be easy to give up
those six languages she knows, to speak only one.

263
00:32:30,040 --> 00:32:35,640
Maybe it's only with death
that you will go with all those languages.

264
00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:37,440
— Hello!
— Hello!

265
00:34:39,760 --> 00:34:42,120
Chop! Chop hard!

266
00:34:43,800 --> 00:34:47,760
[Song in initiation secret language]

267
00:35:08,600 --> 00:35:16,760
— What are those songs called?
— "Songs to carve out dugout canoes".

268
00:37:00,240 --> 00:37:03,480
When I was little,
the elders would tell tales.

269
00:37:04,960 --> 00:37:12,440
They would sit and tell us these tales, night after night.
And that's how I started.

270
00:37:12,520 --> 00:37:17,080
We didn't go to storytelling school,
or anything like that.

271
00:37:18,040 --> 00:37:21,760
The people who would tell these stories...
My father would tell them.

272
00:37:22,520 --> 00:37:25,360
My mother would, too.
So would my grand-mothers.

273
00:37:26,080 --> 00:37:30,440
When I was little, I would lie down next to them.
And that's how I learned.

274
00:37:30,640 --> 00:37:34,280
And little by little, I started telling them.

275
00:37:35,400 --> 00:37:36,840
So, Squirrel tells Hyena:

276
00:37:37,800 --> 00:37:41,440
"Oh, how stupid you are!
Go gather some dew!

277
00:37:41,520 --> 00:37:45,600
Drink a lot of it, and you'll grow!"

278
00:37:46,160 --> 00:37:51,640
So, Hyena went to gather morning dew,
and drank his fill.

279
00:37:51,760 --> 00:37:55,560
But instead of getting bigger,
he became smaller, and smaller, and smaller!

280
00:37:55,680 --> 00:38:00,120
So Hyena went to snoop, snoop on Squirrel,
to see where he really found his food.

281
00:38:00,480 --> 00:38:04,360
And that's how he discovered Squirrels' scheme.

282
00:38:11,520 --> 00:38:16,280
“Bèè” means “to turn around and look at something.”

283
00:38:16,640 --> 00:38:19,880
“Spit what she ate.”

284
00:38:20,560 --> 00:38:22,720 “Tɨ̀bà” means “to spit”.

285
00:38:24,680 --> 00:38:28,400
— “I spit”?
— "Já tɨ̀bà". "Tɨ̀bà lɨ̀ǵə" [to spit sputum].

286
00:38:28,520 --> 00:38:31,520
Ok. Perfect!

287
00:38:32,720 --> 00:38:37,040
Right now, we're translating a tale,
about an elephant who grows peanuts,

288
00:38:37,160 --> 00:38:44,080
and a squirrel who comes to steal them from him.
And apparently the elephant has a plan to make it stop.

289
00:39:16,720 --> 00:39:22,440
Before, when there were lots of old women at night,
we, the youngsters,

290
00:39:22,680 --> 00:39:26,080
would gather in front of the fire,
and they would tell us tales.

291
00:39:26,160 --> 00:39:30,880
But sadly,
lots of those stories they told us have disappeared.

292
00:39:31,920 --> 00:39:33,640
They're recorded to be preserved,

293
00:39:33,720 --> 00:39:36,280
for future generations.

294
00:39:36,440 --> 00:39:39,480
We're already from a past generation.

295
00:39:39,560 --> 00:39:43,760
Now these are going to stay... for future generations!

296
00:39:47,320 --> 00:39:50,680
I used to listen to the grown-ups
and make myself available.

297
00:39:50,760 --> 00:39:54,120
Nowadays, the kids dance to Bagirmi or Sara rhythms.

298
00:39:54,200 --> 00:39:58,920
Dancing with boys here and there,
how can they still know anything?

299
00:42:55,560 --> 00:43:00,920
When you don't have any money,
it's ok for us, people from the bush.

300
00:43:01,000 --> 00:43:06,480
"The bush hides the elephant," as they say:
if you have nothing, you can hide there.

301
00:43:06,560 --> 00:43:11,280
But living in a city is hard;
you need some money in your pocket.

302
00:43:11,360 --> 00:43:14,280
His wife would be ok to live in a city?

303
00:43:16,000 --> 00:43:18,640
His wife would love him even more!

304
00:43:18,720 --> 00:43:22,240
If he wants to go,
why would his wife refuse to go with him?

305
00:43:22,320 --> 00:43:24,880
Living in the bush is really hard!

306
00:43:25,000 --> 00:43:30,160
They don't have the means to live in a city.
That's why they've accepted to live in this village instead.

307
00:43:30,320 --> 00:43:33,760
After all, here, he makes himself everything he needs?

308
00:43:34,880 --> 00:43:36,840
He said "yes."

309
00:43:38,520 --> 00:43:42,040
If you have money, people do it for you,
and you pay them.

310
00:43:42,120 --> 00:43:45,960
But if you don't have any money,
you have to go gather the grass and make it yourself.

311
00:43:46,200 --> 00:43:48,360
— Which city would he like to go to?

312
00:43:48,440 --> 00:43:51,360
— Moundou, or Sarh.
Or N’Djamena.

313
00:43:51,440 --> 00:43:55,960
If I come into a lot of money,
it would be great to move to a city.

314
00:43:56,120 --> 00:43:58,800
There are so many people in a city.

315
00:43:58,880 --> 00:44:03,040
If you're a business person, there are lots of clients.
So you can make money.

316
00:44:03,120 --> 00:44:07,040
Among his age group,
have lots of them moved into cities?

317
00:44:09,440 --> 00:44:11,920
Most of them moved to cities.

318
00:44:12,000 --> 00:44:16,680
— Even his big brother moved to a city.
— Yeah, my big brother also moved to a city.

319
00:44:19,280 --> 00:44:24,920
I told you I didn’t want to!
Now, I pray to Allah! I'm Muslim.

320
00:44:29,040 --> 00:44:34,480
He doesn't let his kids follow the traditional ways

321
00:44:35,240 --> 00:44:37,480
because he already follows Islam.

322
00:44:37,800 --> 00:44:42,160
My grandfather prayed. My father followed in his path.
Now, it's my turn!

323
00:44:42,240 --> 00:44:45,200
Only Islam is guaranteed.
Otherwise, you'll have nothing!

324
00:44:45,280 --> 00:44:50,640
My son, I already got him out of here!
I want him to go to school and make his way in society.

325
00:44:52,400 --> 00:45:01,000
And if all the heads of family of the village did the same,
doesn't he think that the village of Gori could die?

326
00:45:03,240 --> 00:45:07,400
He doesn't want the village to get smaller.

327
00:45:07,480 --> 00:45:10,880
He just wants his son to go away to study,

328
00:45:10,960 --> 00:45:14,800
and for everyone else to keep their kids in the village?

329
00:45:20,600 --> 00:45:22,960
What kind of question is that?

330
00:45:23,040 --> 00:45:29,280
He is still putting children into this world.
Maybe he'll have kids who will stay here.

331
00:45:29,360 --> 00:45:31,960
Some will go into the city,
and some will stay here...

332
00:45:48,360 --> 00:45:51,520
Here is the compound [courtyard].

333
00:45:51,960 --> 00:45:54,120
Button this all up.

334
00:45:55,280 --> 00:45:57,080
That's it!

335
00:45:58,320 --> 00:46:01,960
So, I was born here.
My father, who's from the village of Gori,

336
00:46:02,680 --> 00:46:07,320
he came here to marry my mom, here in Sarh.
I was born here in Sarh.

337
00:46:07,640 --> 00:46:13,440
All of this, this compound, this land...
My father gave me some advice before he died.

338
00:46:13,520 --> 00:46:16,080
He told me to welcome all our relatives.

339
00:46:16,160 --> 00:46:18,280
Like an embassy.

340
00:46:18,360 --> 00:46:22,400
All the relatives from the village who come here,
I welcome them with open arms.

341
00:46:22,640 --> 00:46:25,960
I always welcome them. With open arms...

342
00:46:26,800 --> 00:46:29,360
The relatives... all the relatives.

343
00:46:29,440 --> 00:46:33,960
Here, we don't count anyone out.
If you're from Gori, you're from Gori. Full stop!

344
00:46:34,520 --> 00:46:36,920
Your families are all from Gori?

345
00:46:37,000 --> 00:46:40,880
— No, only my father is from Gori.
— And your mom?

346
00:46:40,960 --> 00:46:44,200
— My mom is Tumak.

347
00:46:44,600 --> 00:46:50,800 — And you, did you learn "yə̀w

láàl", the "language of Gori"?

348
00:46:50,880 --> 00:46:53,640
— Yes, I also know the Gori language [Laal].

349
00:46:53,720 --> 00:46:58,560
Well, when my dad speaks Laal, I understand.
But speaking to him is a little difficult.

350
00:46:58,640 --> 00:47:03,200
— Ok. And you?
— Yes, I also speak Gori [Laal].

351
00:47:03,280 --> 00:47:05,680
— You speak it too?
— Yes.

352
00:47:05,760 --> 00:47:10,200
— Did you learn from your father or your mother?
— From my mother.

353
00:47:11,760 --> 00:47:14,480
Sometimes we speak Laal.

354
00:47:14,560 --> 00:47:17,160
Sometimes we speak Arabic.

355
00:47:17,240 --> 00:47:20,480
Sometimes, we speak Niellim.
Sometimes, we speak Bua.

356
00:47:20,560 --> 00:47:23,600
We even speak Sara and Sara Kaba.
And even Arabic.

357
00:47:23,720 --> 00:47:28,480
If there's a secret, I share it [in Laal] with my kids.
Then we get out of there!

358
00:47:29,000 --> 00:47:34,360
If an evil-hearted person is coming toward us,
I talk to my kids in Gori: "Get out of here"!

359
00:47:35,480 --> 00:47:40,040
We've been through many years of wars.
So, we've had many complications.

360
00:47:40,120 --> 00:47:43,680
It has really helped us!
It's not just anybody who can master this language.

361
00:47:43,920 --> 00:47:48,960
We speak Niellim, Bua, Gori, and even Dumrao.

362
00:47:49,120 --> 00:47:53,200
Bagirmi, Sara Kaba... Tunia...

363
00:47:53,440 --> 00:47:56,320
But our language...

364
00:47:56,800 --> 00:48:00,240
Some neighbors don't understand it.

365
00:48:00,800 --> 00:48:04,320
Our Gori language is very dear to us!

366
00:48:04,400 --> 00:48:09,360
It's so dear to our hearts!
So... we're always going to keep it.

367
00:49:26,000 --> 00:49:28,640
— "Súúr" [to massage].
— Yes.

368
00:49:28,800 --> 00:49:31,440
— "Séér" [take me].
— That’s right.

369
00:49:31,640 --> 00:49:34,240
— "Séé" [old].
— That’s it.

370
00:49:34,680 --> 00:49:36,200
— "Sáár" [take it].
— Yes.

371
00:49:36,640 --> 00:49:41,600
— Kadi, is this the first time you’ve read your own language, "yə̀w láàl"?

372
00:49:41,680 --> 00:49:44,880
— Yes, this is the first time.
— The first time!

373
00:49:45,000 --> 00:49:48,640
— So, how does it feel?
— It makes me happy!

374
00:49:49,120 --> 00:49:51,880
Yes, it really makes me happy.

375
00:49:52,160 --> 00:49:57,760
It's as if... my language has...

376

00:50:00,000 --> 00:50:01,400
... grown...

377
00:50:01,520 --> 00:50:03,040
... grown up!

378
00:50:03,120 --> 00:50:06,040
— "Grown up!" A written language?
— Yes.

379
00:50:06,120 --> 00:50:08,840
— It makes you happy that it can be written down?

380
00:50:08,920 --> 00:50:16,520
— Yes! Like... Florian, what he proposes,
now it's making me really happy.

381
00:50:19,560 --> 00:50:22,520
Ever since Florian started,

382
00:50:22,720 --> 00:50:28,800
I thought that it would become little by little...
and that maybe, we would get this.

383
00:50:28,960 --> 00:50:32,160
For the little kids who will come after us.

384
00:50:32,240 --> 00:50:34,800
For us, perhaps it's too much to learn.

385
00:50:34,880 --> 00:50:39,280
But the kids, after us,
maybe they'll know it, maybe they'll read it.

386
00:50:39,360 --> 00:50:42,760
In their language, they can read.
In French, they can read.

387
00:50:43,360 --> 00:50:47,000
Maybe it'll help them in a few years.

388
00:50:49,960 --> 00:50:56,440

Little by little, the bird builds its nest:
"Nyǎny nyǎny ndíí kááw nyàw" [French proverb].

389
00:50:58,480 --> 00:51:00,520
And here are some examples...

390
00:52:12,680 --> 00:52:14,120
— I'm going to see myself?

391
00:52:15,480 --> 00:52:19,200
— Yes, you're going to see on the screen
everything you told us.

392
00:52:23,680 --> 00:52:25,520
— Can you see?

393
00:52:25,600 --> 00:52:27,600
— Do you hear anything?

394
00:52:27,680 --> 00:52:29,840
— Yes, I see it!

395
00:52:30,640 --> 00:52:32,840
"We, the women"...

396
00:52:33,040 --> 00:52:34,880
..."We, the women"...

397
00:52:34,960 --> 00:52:37,280
..."And you, you run away!"...

398
00:52:38,320 --> 00:52:41,200
..."Go! Go! Go!"...

399
00:52:42,360 --> 00:52:43,800
..."After the seclusion period,

400
00:52:43,880 --> 00:52:48,200
right before marriage...
You can't understand their ways!"...