Explores the sea change in national attitude from pride in big dams as…
Wochiigii lo: End of the Peace
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Wochiigii lo: End of the Peace follows the struggles of Diane Abel and Chief Roland Willson of West Moberly First Nations as they battle the British Columbian government against the construction of a multi-billion-dollar mega-dam along the Peace River, commonly known as Site C Dam. If constructed, it will give way to the extinction of their people’s culture by destroying the land and water they have occupied for over 13,000 years.
In the dead of winter, Diane Abel, a proud Dunne-Za grandmother, protests to defend her ancestral lands from the impending construction of yet another dam along the Peace River (Site C Dam). Chief Roland Willson shows up for every court battle as per his nation’s wishes. As lifelong residents of West Moberly, they are committed to remaining good stewards and in good relations with the land and the water. Site C will destroy what remains of their unique ecosystems, migration routes, burial grounds, fish, and hence forever destroy their cultural identity. This would violate the treaty they signed with Canada which states they can continue their traditional way of life as long as the sun shines, the grass grows and the river flows. The provincial government vows to get Site C “past the point of no return” and issues a $420 million lawsuit against their own citizens who protest the dam - unheard of in Canadian history. BC Hydro has already strategized a “divide-and-conquer” approach by signing settlements with four out of the six nations who were initially involved in the fight. The First Nations, ranchers, farmers and supporters organize a cross-country caravan to appeal the case against Site C to the Supreme Court of Canada. The support gained is overwhelming, and leads them to have hope that their appeal will be heard. They are not your typical environmental activists, but the proverbial “cowboys and Indians” banding together to protect the Treaty 8 land they rightfully share. All of the appeals are dismissed.
However, political shifts lead to a new Premier creating new hope. When the courts abruptly overturn provincial decisions on the premise that Site C is not in the public interest, a glimmer of hope is offered to Diane, Chief Roland, and the members of West Moberly. Site C could be permanently put to rest. Despite the new government's promises, Site C is officially declared “past the point of no return” and the dam’s construction will proceed as planned. In an act of solidarity, all forty nations of Treaty 8 gather for the first time. They want to honour the treaty that was signed in 1899, to protect the water, the land, the treaty, and their cultures. A final court date is set to invalidate this decision (and save their culture from extinction) is set for 2022 – will Diane and Chief Roland’s efforts be enough?
Citation
Main credits
Hatch, Heather (film director)
Hatch, Heather (screenwriter)
Hatch, Heather (film producer)
Karvonen, Ava (film producer)
Other credits
Cinematography, Frederick Kroetsch; editing, Brenda Terning; music, Matthew Cardinal, Dwayne Martineau, John McMillan.
Distributor subjects
Documentary films,Canada,Canadian Studies,Conservation and Protection,Environmental Justice,Environmental Law,Indigenous Studies,Rivers,Conflict Resolution,Dams and HydroelectricityKeywords
00:00:14.281 --> 00:00:16.408
Diane Abel: Say the the song
you're gonna sing what
00:00:16.491 --> 00:00:17.784
it's about.
00:00:18.910 --> 00:00:23.373
Man: This, my
strongest sacred song.
00:00:25.834 --> 00:00:57.199
(Singing in Dunne Za.)
00:01:01.203 --> 00:01:06.083
I believe that God saves us,
00:01:06.166 --> 00:01:09.920
God is in the, in the water.
00:01:10.003 --> 00:01:11.380
Diane Abel: But you've
got to believe eh.
00:01:12.172 --> 00:01:13.465
Man: You've got to believe it.
00:01:14.633 --> 00:01:17.344
Diane Abel: We can't forget,
Chechee, we can't forget.
00:01:17.886 --> 00:01:18.929
Man: Yeah.
00:03:18.215 --> 00:03:20.091
Christy Clark: The civil works
project that we're announcing
00:03:20.175 --> 00:03:23.470
today is the largest contract
for the construction of
00:03:23.553 --> 00:03:28.808
Site C, up to 1500 jobs, and
it's going to take a lot of
00:03:28.892 --> 00:03:31.061
hard-working
British Columbians to make sure
00:03:31.144 --> 00:03:32.020
that that happens.
00:03:32.896 --> 00:03:34.523
Reporter: And so more than 50
years after it was first even
00:03:34.606 --> 00:03:37.567
dreamed about the site C Dam
on the Peace River has been
00:03:37.651 --> 00:03:38.693
given the go ahead
00:03:38.777 --> 00:03:39.903
by the B.C. government.
00:03:39.986 --> 00:03:42.531
The budget has now ballooned
to more than $8.77 Billion
00:03:42.614 --> 00:03:46.284
and business leaders
in attendance today
00:03:46.368 --> 00:03:48.578
were warmly enthusiastic
about the dam getting
00:03:48.662 --> 00:03:49.538
the green light.
00:03:50.080 --> 00:03:50.789
Philip Hochstein:
I think it's very exciting.
00:03:51.373 --> 00:03:52.958
Jack Davidson: I think this
is a bold move and
00:03:53.041 --> 00:03:55.001
doing something for the
next generation.
00:04:14.229 --> 00:04:15.438
Diane Abel: My name's
Diane Abel and I'm a
00:04:15.522 --> 00:04:16.648
Treaty 8 member.
00:04:16.731 --> 00:04:18.149
This is Treaty
eight territory,
00:04:18.233 --> 00:04:22.279
so we just ask that you
would honour our Treaty and
00:04:22.362 --> 00:04:25.657
I respectfully asking B.C. Hydro
and contractors to
00:04:25.740 --> 00:04:29.911
stand down from construction
in this valley.
00:04:29.995 --> 00:04:31.580
Give B.C. Hydro the
message that we're here,
00:04:31.663 --> 00:04:33.039
we're not gonna to go.
00:04:33.331 --> 00:04:34.499
Worker: What is
your name again?
00:04:34.583 --> 00:04:35.542
Diane Abel: Diane Abel.
00:04:35.625 --> 00:04:37.127
Worker: Diane Abel, okay.
00:04:37.544 --> 00:04:39.546
Diane Abel: Hey Treaty 8 folks,
this is Diane.
00:04:39.629 --> 00:04:44.050
I'm standing out on the front
lines here to uh stop the
00:04:44.134 --> 00:04:47.679
development for Site C.
00:04:47.762 --> 00:04:50.640
I haven't given up
and so shouldn't you.
00:05:55.455 --> 00:06:02.420
Diane Abel: I usually do all
my prayers on the drive to work.
00:06:02.796 --> 00:06:07.217
Sometimes when I'm driving.
00:06:07.300 --> 00:06:11.012
I'll just, it'll just bring
tears to my eyes and when I'm
00:06:11.096 --> 00:06:15.225
driving through and I look
and think that this
00:06:15.308 --> 00:06:18.520
could be underwater.
00:06:23.108 --> 00:06:27.153
My grandfather named me
"Mojone" which I'm told means
00:06:27.237 --> 00:06:30.573
one of a kind or the only one.
00:06:32.158 --> 00:06:35.787
My grandfather was Saulteau;
their prophet had the vision
00:06:35.870 --> 00:06:38.456
they would find a
place of refuge here,
00:06:38.540 --> 00:06:42.836
the place of refuge referred
to was the twin sisters,
00:06:42.919 --> 00:06:48.299
or Sacred Place.
00:06:51.302 --> 00:06:54.556
You can barely see the
twin sisters are right,
00:06:54.639 --> 00:06:56.683
can barely see
them, they're just.
00:06:56.766 --> 00:07:01.187
The clouds there,
so beautiful.
00:07:52.197 --> 00:07:53.573
Chief Roland Willson: This
is Treaty 8 territory and
00:07:53.656 --> 00:07:56.117
this is shared territory
with the other nations,
00:07:56.201 --> 00:07:59.204
the Dunne-za, Cree's,
Saulteau, Dene,
00:07:59.287 --> 00:08:00.497
we would all gather
at Bear Flats,
00:08:00.580 --> 00:08:03.750
swap horses and get new
girlfriends and stuff
00:08:03.833 --> 00:08:05.043
like that.
00:08:05.126 --> 00:08:08.004
You know and those traditions
sometimes carry on.
00:08:08.421 --> 00:08:09.506
(crowd laughter)
00:08:10.256 --> 00:08:12.675
Chief Roland Willson: This
is an event to celebrate the
00:08:12.759 --> 00:08:14.844
river, but also bring people's
attention to why we're
00:08:14.928 --> 00:08:16.221
celebrating the river.
00:08:16.304 --> 00:08:21.351
B.C. Hydro, in the infinite
wisdom of the B.C. government,
00:08:21.434 --> 00:08:23.812
has decided to
build a third dam on the
00:08:23.895 --> 00:08:25.772
river that's not needed.
00:08:25.855 --> 00:08:28.233
We're asking for him to stop.
00:08:28.316 --> 00:08:29.734
This is our home.
00:08:29.818 --> 00:08:32.403
And the ranchers that live
here, it's their home and
00:08:32.487 --> 00:08:33.696
we live here together.
00:08:33.780 --> 00:08:35.740
And the cowboys and Indians
are standing together
00:08:35.824 --> 00:08:37.367
on this one and fighting.
00:08:38.910 --> 00:08:42.080
(Applause)
00:08:42.831 --> 00:08:45.667
Speaker 2: To pursue a legal
path which is necessary for us
00:08:45.750 --> 00:08:48.837
to put an end to this
dam is very costly.
00:08:48.920 --> 00:08:51.965
We need to dig deep, have
garage sales, pool together
00:08:52.048 --> 00:08:55.635
$100, all your dollars go
directly to that court fee.
00:08:55.718 --> 00:09:00.390
(Applause)
00:09:09.566 --> 00:09:10.316
Man: You Good?
00:09:24.664 --> 00:09:29.294
Man: In the fun
hall right away.
00:09:31.546 --> 00:09:37.010
Welcome to West Moberly,
home of 320 members,
00:09:37.093 --> 00:09:42.849
fifteen dogs,
ten cats and five Bigfoot.
00:09:54.485 --> 00:09:57.197
Diane Abel: Any time we
want to protect the land,
00:09:57.280 --> 00:10:00.074
we always have to fight
or take it to court.
00:10:00.158 --> 00:10:06.080
The government, they just keep
taking away and picking away
00:10:06.164 --> 00:10:09.208
at our land and there's
mining, there's oil and gas.
00:10:09.292 --> 00:10:11.502
There's, you know, the dam.
00:10:11.586 --> 00:10:13.546
This is going to be the
third one on the Peace River.
00:10:13.630 --> 00:10:19.677
Our people in our
community are kind of poor.
00:10:19.761 --> 00:10:23.014
I mean, we're not poor in a
sense of we live in the
00:10:23.097 --> 00:10:24.766
most amazing place in
the world, I think.
00:10:24.849 --> 00:10:30.355
But we don't have a whole lot
for our two little nations,
00:10:30.438 --> 00:10:35.151
the two smallest nations
and Treaty 8 B.C.
00:10:35.234 --> 00:10:36.778
fighting this fight.
00:10:36.861 --> 00:10:40.365
I'm so proud of them
for standing up.
00:10:53.127 --> 00:10:56.214
Roland Willson: We're fighting
for the last piece of value
00:10:56.297 --> 00:11:01.678
that we have, and it's hard to
get into the mind of thinking
00:11:01.761 --> 00:11:05.014
that the valley is worthless,
and in thinking that the
00:11:05.098 --> 00:11:10.228
valley is worthless, it
means that we're worthless.
00:11:10.311 --> 00:11:12.480
We're in this fight to get
them to pay attention
00:11:12.563 --> 00:11:14.315
to who we are as a people.
00:11:28.037 --> 00:11:30.373
Sarah Cox: As a journalist,
it's my job to look at
00:11:30.456 --> 00:11:31.749
whether things are in the
public interest.
00:11:31.833 --> 00:11:34.752
I've spoken to a lot
of energy experts.
00:11:34.836 --> 00:11:36.796
I've spent time with
scientists in the field.
00:11:36.879 --> 00:11:38.881
And throughout it all
I've asked the question,
00:11:38.965 --> 00:11:41.134
is this project in
the public interest?
00:11:41.217 --> 00:11:44.804
And every single step of the
way the answer comes back.
00:11:44.887 --> 00:11:47.932
No, it's not.
00:11:49.017 --> 00:11:50.977
More than 200 of
Canada's leading scholars
00:11:51.060 --> 00:11:54.230
studied this project and
concluded Site C would have
00:11:54.313 --> 00:11:57.817
more adverse environmental
effects than any project ever
00:11:57.900 --> 00:12:00.570
examined in the history
of Canada's
00:12:00.653 --> 00:12:03.072
Environmental Assessment Act.
00:12:06.826 --> 00:12:09.412
There are more than one
hundred species that are
00:12:09.495 --> 00:12:11.956
listed as vulnerable to
extinction that would lose
00:12:12.040 --> 00:12:15.084
habitat to Site C.
00:12:15.168 --> 00:12:16.961
And yet the
project went ahead,
00:12:17.045 --> 00:12:20.506
it went ahead on the
justification that the power
00:12:20.590 --> 00:12:23.468
was needed for the,
quote, greater good.
00:12:27.972 --> 00:12:31.976
Raymond: Ya,
chokecherriesm mmm.
00:12:36.481 --> 00:12:38.024
Coming at ya, coming at ya.
00:12:38.107 --> 00:12:38.941
There you go.
00:12:39.859 --> 00:12:41.527
Kids: Oh, my gosh,
that's awesome.
00:12:42.570 --> 00:12:43.362
Raymond: Tons of cherries
00:12:43.863 --> 00:12:45.490
Kids: Yeah, and Nipiya we
can make chokecherry jam.
00:12:45.573 --> 00:12:46.449
Yeah.
00:12:49.952 --> 00:12:51.954
Raymond: Creator thank you
very much for this use of this
00:12:52.038 --> 00:12:54.957
medicine I'm going to be
using
00:12:55.041 --> 00:12:59.212
Cherry root, mahsi.
00:13:29.325 --> 00:13:32.120
Reporter: Two crates carrying
200 pounds of bull trout
00:13:32.203 --> 00:13:36.374
are delivered to the legislature
lawn wrapped and frozen.
00:13:36.457 --> 00:13:38.960
But according to new
findings, not ready to eat.
00:13:39.627 --> 00:13:40.837
Chief Roland Willson: It's
full of mercury from the
00:13:40.920 --> 00:13:42.004
Williston Reservoir.
00:13:42.088 --> 00:13:46.217
This Hershey kiss
that I have is,
00:13:46.300 --> 00:13:50.513
representative of how much
fish a woman of childbearing
00:13:50.596 --> 00:13:53.975
age should eat a day.
00:13:54.600 --> 00:13:55.351
Reporter: That's it.
00:13:55.434 --> 00:13:56.686
Chief Roland Willson: That's it.
00:13:56.769 --> 00:13:58.020
Reporter: Now, there's
concern the government's plan
00:13:58.104 --> 00:14:01.065
for the proposed Site C dam
would only increase exposure
00:14:01.149 --> 00:14:02.733
among First Nations.
00:14:02.817 --> 00:14:05.027
The fish were caught in the
Crooked River system and
00:14:05.111 --> 00:14:07.864
tested by First Nations
in northern B.C.
00:14:07.947 --> 00:14:11.075
It's a problem they say dates
back more than 50 years when
00:14:11.159 --> 00:14:13.911
construction first started
on the Williston Reservoir,
00:14:13.995 --> 00:14:17.039
releasing methylmercury
into the rivers and streams.
00:14:25.882 --> 00:14:29.469
Diane Abel: I remember when
they built it, actually,
00:14:29.552 --> 00:14:33.264
and my dad worked on the
dam, our people went to work,
00:14:33.347 --> 00:14:39.187
not realizing how
devastating it was gonna be.
00:14:40.229 --> 00:14:43.733
I remember my uncle talking
about pulling moose out of the
00:14:43.816 --> 00:14:47.028
lake because they were
swimming across and couldn't
00:14:47.111 --> 00:14:51.073
get across because
there's so much debris,
00:14:51.157 --> 00:14:55.578
there were little islands
just full of moose.
00:14:55.661 --> 00:15:00.249
So, I could just imagine
the animals that died.
00:15:01.459 --> 00:15:04.503
They used to hunt Cariboo
because they used to come over
00:15:04.587 --> 00:15:08.549
in herds like
ants on the hill,
00:15:08.633 --> 00:15:11.928
the Caribou stopped coming
over because their migration
00:15:12.011 --> 00:15:14.305
route was flooded.
00:15:14.388 --> 00:15:16.766
There's no way for
them to get over.
00:15:16.849 --> 00:15:19.644
We don't have Cariboo anymore.
00:15:21.062 --> 00:15:22.313
Chief Roland Willson:
We have no sheep,
00:15:22.396 --> 00:15:25.358
we have no goat left in
the South Peace because the
00:15:25.441 --> 00:15:29.278
Williston Reservoir, all
the fish that touched the
00:15:29.362 --> 00:15:31.197
Williston Reservoir
are contaminated with
00:15:31.280 --> 00:15:32.490
methylmercury.
00:15:32.573 --> 00:15:34.825
We can't eat them and they
want to do it again with
00:15:34.909 --> 00:15:37.912
Site C and they think there's
going to be a
00:15:37.995 --> 00:15:39.538
different result.
00:16:32.008 --> 00:16:59.285
Man: (speaking an
Indigenous language)
00:17:05.249 --> 00:17:11.047
Man: Blessings, see these rock
walls here, they're Shale.
00:17:11.130 --> 00:17:16.510
Shale is very unstable.
00:17:16.594 --> 00:17:19.597
You look at the wall here
on the south side and you'll
00:17:19.680 --> 00:17:22.933
actually see where
it's been slipping.
00:17:23.017 --> 00:17:24.393
B.C. Hydro's engineer
00:17:24.477 --> 00:17:29.398
says this
hillside is stable.
00:17:29.482 --> 00:17:31.942
There's nothing
stable about this.
00:17:32.026 --> 00:17:35.321
Offshore over there
see that hill?
00:17:35.404 --> 00:17:37.114
That's a slide.
00:17:37.198 --> 00:17:38.199
That's not an open hill.
00:17:38.282 --> 00:17:39.742
That's a slide.
00:17:39.825 --> 00:17:47.083
You put that that hill there
underwater and the rest
00:17:47.166 --> 00:17:49.877
of the slide
is gonna happen.
00:17:49.960 --> 00:17:53.589
This is our land and this is
what they're going to wash
00:17:53.672 --> 00:17:55.508
downstream.
00:17:55.591 --> 00:18:01.931
On this side is
particles of shale.
00:18:02.014 --> 00:18:02.973
On the north side
00:18:03.057 --> 00:18:04.475
it's going to be silt.
00:18:04.558 --> 00:18:05.851
That's going to turn this
00:18:05.935 --> 00:18:09.146
river into a river of silt.
00:18:09.230 --> 00:18:12.775
So maybe somewhere in the
future they can change the
00:18:12.858 --> 00:18:15.528
name of the river to
Silt River because that's
00:18:15.611 --> 00:18:16.821
what it's going to be.
00:18:25.538 --> 00:18:27.039
Tom Hale: Here this is Chagga.
00:18:27.123 --> 00:18:29.542
It comes off of
a birch tree and
00:18:29.625 --> 00:18:32.920
that what I do is I just break
it up with a hammer after
00:18:33.003 --> 00:18:37.842
you dry it and you make tea
out of it and it's supposed to
00:18:37.925 --> 00:18:41.178
cure cancers and
anything that ails you.
00:18:41.262 --> 00:18:46.934
Collect them, the
diamond willow fungus.
00:18:47.017 --> 00:18:48.185
Smells, smell it.
00:18:48.269 --> 00:18:51.021
You'll never forget
the smell of that.
00:18:52.815 --> 00:18:56.277
And when you light it, you can
use it as tinder too to start
00:18:56.360 --> 00:18:59.655
a fire in the bush
if it's dry, right?
00:18:59.738 --> 00:19:01.532
Gotta find a lighter.
00:19:02.116 --> 00:19:05.995
But it'll burn and burn
and burn, oh here's lighter.
00:19:09.790 --> 00:19:12.168
So, I don't know if we got
a piece already broke off,
00:19:12.251 --> 00:19:15.463
but we can light it up.
00:19:15.546 --> 00:19:17.756
They did tests with this and
they say the smoke's lighter
00:19:17.840 --> 00:19:24.096
than air, so it has
healing properties, too.
00:19:24.180 --> 00:19:27.349
That's how they carried
firestarter, you know, from
00:19:27.433 --> 00:19:30.644
camp to camp and start their
next fire with it too, right?
00:19:30.728 --> 00:19:33.689
There's a lot of
good stuff about it.
00:19:33.772 --> 00:19:37.193
So, once you get it
going, it just burns.
00:19:37.276 --> 00:19:39.028
I don't want to
burn my shop down,
00:19:39.111 --> 00:19:43.199
so I have to put it out,
make sure it's out.
00:19:43.282 --> 00:19:44.658
Pretty cool.
00:19:45.659 --> 00:19:46.535
Producer: It's really cool.
00:19:47.286 --> 00:19:48.704
Tom Hale: I love that
smell of cranberries hey.
00:19:49.038 --> 00:19:50.789
Diane Abel: Yeah, I do too.
00:19:51.582 --> 00:19:55.252
Reminds me of my
dad, cranberry.
00:19:56.045 --> 00:19:56.712
Tom Hale: Yeah
00:19:57.505 --> 00:19:59.256
Diane Abel: Cause he used to
always pick cranberries and
00:19:59.340 --> 00:20:01.800
make the jelly.
00:20:02.927 --> 00:20:03.344
Tom Hale: Yeah
00:20:04.345 --> 00:20:05.846
Diane Abel: Come home from
school and the jelly would be...
00:20:06.514 --> 00:20:07.139
Tom Hale: Have toast.
00:20:07.431 --> 00:20:08.057
Diane Abel: Cookin'.
00:20:09.558 --> 00:20:10.726
Tom Hale: There's
lots out here actually.
00:20:10.809 --> 00:20:11.894
Diane Abel: Oh
yeah, here's some.
00:20:11.977 --> 00:20:13.229
Here, look at these,
00:20:16.023 --> 00:20:18.275
Tom Hale: I don't
eat the seeds though.
00:20:18.359 --> 00:20:19.276
Sweatin'.
00:20:19.652 --> 00:20:24.031
Diane Abel: Oh
look at the sweat.
00:20:24.114 --> 00:20:24.823
That's pretty cool.
00:20:25.491 --> 00:20:26.951
Tom Hale: Oh yeah, got a
few widow makers up there.
00:21:00.943 --> 00:21:02.403
Reporter: Out on
the campaign trail,
00:21:02.486 --> 00:21:05.197
Christy Clark faced questions
about a new report from the
00:21:05.281 --> 00:21:08.867
University of British Columbia
saying the power generated at
00:21:08.951 --> 00:21:12.746
Site C is not needed and
calling for a review by the
00:21:12.830 --> 00:21:14.540
Utilities Commission.
00:21:16.000 --> 00:21:17.376
Christy Clark: I think that
professional electricity
00:21:17.459 --> 00:21:21.964
planners, experts in that
field are better qualified to
00:21:22.047 --> 00:21:25.009
make the estimates of how much
energy we're going to need
00:21:25.092 --> 00:21:28.512
in 10 years than folks that
that, that you know,
00:21:28.596 --> 00:21:33.225
than than academics at UBC who
are probably not in the field
00:21:33.309 --> 00:21:35.561
of electricity use at all.
00:21:36.437 --> 00:21:37.938
Randy Hadland: There hasn't
been justification for this
00:21:38.022 --> 00:21:42.192
dam and it hasn't gone to the
B.C. Utilities Commission,
00:21:42.276 --> 00:21:44.486
which was established to
determine whether
00:21:44.570 --> 00:21:46.113
Site C would
be a good thing.
00:21:47.197 --> 00:21:48.532
John Horgan: We're not getting
the straight goods from
00:21:48.616 --> 00:21:49.825
our Premier.
00:21:49.908 --> 00:21:52.786
$9 Billion that we
don't have for a project that
00:21:52.870 --> 00:21:55.998
we are told by an assessment
that was done less than a year
00:21:56.081 --> 00:21:59.501
ago by the Federal government
that we don't need right now.
00:22:04.590 --> 00:22:06.592
Robert McCullough:
British Columbia does not need
00:22:06.675 --> 00:22:08.761
the electricity.
00:22:08.844 --> 00:22:12.222
Every study we see says
they do not need the
00:22:12.306 --> 00:22:14.350
electricity.
00:22:14.433 --> 00:22:17.144
About two months ago, I
was in a meeting with the
00:22:17.227 --> 00:22:19.980
superintendent of
Seattle City Light.
00:22:20.064 --> 00:22:24.777
He spent the entire afternoon
complaining about LED bulbs
00:22:24.860 --> 00:22:27.780
because his load had
fallen last year.
00:22:27.863 --> 00:22:31.158
Now, this is Seattle,
generally regarded as one of
00:22:31.241 --> 00:22:34.620
the economic powerhouses
on the planet.
00:22:34.703 --> 00:22:38.165
And he was upset that
he couldn't sell as much
00:22:38.248 --> 00:22:40.918
electricity this
year as last year.
00:22:41.001 --> 00:22:44.505
That was because our
technology was getting more
00:22:44.588 --> 00:22:45.631
efficient, use of the energy.
00:22:45.714 --> 00:22:49.051
We are conserving faster
than we're growing.
00:22:51.303 --> 00:22:53.013
Harry Swain: British Columbia
produces considerably more
00:22:53.097 --> 00:22:56.058
electrical power than it uses.
00:22:56.141 --> 00:22:57.518
It's a net exporter.
00:22:57.601 --> 00:22:59.728
We've got power
coming out the ears.
00:22:59.812 --> 00:23:02.398
We don't need any for
years and years to come.
00:23:04.650 --> 00:23:06.944
Sarah Cox: Site C has
been a political project.
00:23:07.027 --> 00:23:09.613
It was approved with a
provincial election in
00:23:09.697 --> 00:23:11.073
the offing.
00:23:11.156 --> 00:23:14.243
They basically campaigned on
a jobs, jobs, jobs for B.C.
00:23:14.326 --> 00:23:16.120
platform.
00:23:17.204 --> 00:23:19.623
Politicians think short
term, not long term,
00:23:19.707 --> 00:23:22.418
they like to pose in front
of mega-projects wearing
00:23:22.501 --> 00:23:23.752
hard hats.
00:23:23.836 --> 00:23:25.713
They like the photo
opportunities and the glamor
00:23:25.796 --> 00:23:28.257
that comes with mega-projects.
00:23:30.342 --> 00:23:31.844
Harry Swain: We had a
provincial government5
00:23:31.927 --> 00:23:34.096
which was enamored of
resource development.
00:23:34.179 --> 00:23:38.851
Which has the old dream of
B.C. is the hewer of wood,
00:23:38.934 --> 00:23:41.687
drawers of water.
00:23:41.770 --> 00:23:43.397
That was how we
made our fortune.
00:23:43.480 --> 00:23:45.107
That's how the future
is going to be,
00:23:45.190 --> 00:23:49.778
and building anything that
helps us generate electricity
00:23:49.862 --> 00:23:51.572
is a good thing.
00:24:00.956 --> 00:24:02.583
Chief Roland Willson:
We hired a dam expert.
00:24:02.666 --> 00:24:04.418
He's got 50 years of experience.
00:24:04.501 --> 00:24:08.380
He's gone through all the
reports and B.C. Hydro's
00:24:08.464 --> 00:24:12.009
telling everybody that they're
on schedule and on budget and
00:24:12.092 --> 00:24:15.137
first things out of his mouth,
these guys are a year and a half
00:24:15.220 --> 00:24:16.346
behind schedule.
00:24:16.430 --> 00:24:18.849
You know, they're
not on budget at all.
00:24:18.932 --> 00:24:22.853
The one thing that our expert
has has stated is that
00:24:22.936 --> 00:24:25.647
in the fifty years of his
dam building career,
00:24:25.731 --> 00:24:28.776
he's never seen a level
of secrecy ever before in
00:24:28.859 --> 00:24:32.529
government or infrastructure
projects like this.
00:24:32.613 --> 00:24:35.491
And he can't figure
out why it's so secret.
00:24:38.452 --> 00:24:40.078
Sarah Cox: You can't talk
about large hydro dams on the
00:24:40.162 --> 00:24:45.334
Peace River without talking
about the Bennett family.
00:24:47.002 --> 00:24:50.130
The first dam on the
Peace River was built when
00:24:50.214 --> 00:24:54.718
W.A.C Bennett was Premier of
B.C., he was a populist Premier.
00:24:54.802 --> 00:24:59.139
He forged ahead with the
development of B.C's North.
00:24:59.223 --> 00:25:00.933
He was quite visionary
in some ways,
00:25:01.016 --> 00:25:05.395
quite ruthless in others.
00:25:06.104 --> 00:25:09.191
Fast forward to when
his son, Bill Bennett,
00:25:09.274 --> 00:25:11.443
was the Premier of B.C.
00:25:11.527 --> 00:25:16.865
Bill Bennett wanted to
build Site C and the
00:25:16.949 --> 00:25:19.535
B.C. Utilities Commission at
that time turned him down.
00:25:19.618 --> 00:25:23.997
Christy Clark very much sought
to continue the legacy
00:25:24.081 --> 00:25:26.041
of the Bennett family.
00:25:26.125 --> 00:25:30.671
She appointed Brad Bennett,
who was Bill Bennett's son,
00:25:30.754 --> 00:25:33.298
to be the chair of B.C. Hydro.
00:25:33.382 --> 00:25:37.928
That raised a lot of eyebrows,
such a close connection
00:25:38.011 --> 00:25:41.056
between a Crown Corporation
and the Premier's office when
00:25:41.139 --> 00:25:43.767
crown corporations are ideally
supposed to be arm's length
00:25:43.851 --> 00:25:47.145
so that decisions are being
made for sound reasons,
00:25:47.229 --> 00:25:50.858
sound financial reasons, and
not for political reasons.
00:25:50.941 --> 00:25:58.407
And Site C has gone ahead
despite all rational
00:25:58.490 --> 00:26:00.409
arguments,
fact-based arguments,
00:26:00.492 --> 00:26:02.411
evidence against it.
00:26:03.871 --> 00:26:06.915
Christy Clark: To me, the
impact of Bill Bennett was
00:26:06.999 --> 00:26:10.460
that he literally was what
leadership looked like.
00:26:10.544 --> 00:26:14.715
And Bob and Kim and Norman and
Jimmy have all talked about
00:26:14.798 --> 00:26:17.342
the endowments of
infrastructure and cultural
00:26:17.426 --> 00:26:19.595
legacies that he
left us, including,
00:26:19.678 --> 00:26:20.971
although you
didn't mention it,
00:26:21.054 --> 00:26:23.932
the initial work on
Site C and Premier Bennett,
00:26:24.016 --> 00:26:27.561
you got it started and I
will get it finished or no,
00:26:27.644 --> 00:26:30.647
I will get it
past the point of no return.
00:26:30.731 --> 00:26:31.690
Ah-ha.
00:26:37.154 --> 00:26:38.196
Sarah Cox: It's not kind of
your typical
00:26:38.280 --> 00:26:40.240
environmental fight.
00:26:40.324 --> 00:26:43.660
A lot of the major
environmental groups in B.C.
00:26:43.744 --> 00:26:46.538
have had nothing
to do with Site C,
00:26:46.622 --> 00:26:49.833
so it's a very unlikely
alliance of people fighting
00:26:49.917 --> 00:26:52.544
this project.
00:26:53.003 --> 00:26:55.714
A group of farmers and
First Nations decided to set up
00:26:55.797 --> 00:26:58.884
a winter camp at the site of
the oldest fur trade fort
00:26:58.967 --> 00:27:00.219
in Mainland B.C.
00:27:00.302 --> 00:27:04.056
It was a place where Europeans
and First Nations first
00:27:04.139 --> 00:27:05.265
met and traded.
00:27:06.683 --> 00:27:08.602
Reporter: This tiny camp
in the Peace Valley,
00:27:08.685 --> 00:27:11.313
crippling preparation
work for the Site C Dam.
00:27:11.396 --> 00:27:13.440
Man: You know, there's
no logging going on here.
00:27:13.523 --> 00:27:16.777
There's no clearing of this
flat right up to Eagle Island
00:27:16.860 --> 00:27:18.737
as long as we're sitting here.
00:27:19.780 --> 00:27:21.949
Reporter: B.C. Hydro asking
the B.C. Supreme Court for an
00:27:22.032 --> 00:27:25.160
injunction to remove these
protesters from the site after
00:27:25.243 --> 00:27:28.538
the first phase of the
$8.3 Billion dollar project
00:27:28.622 --> 00:27:30.499
has been put on hold.
00:27:31.625 --> 00:27:34.920
Sarah Cox: Some of the campers
were hit by a civil lawsuit
00:27:35.003 --> 00:27:38.882
and the lawsuit accused them
of damage, intimidation,
00:27:38.966 --> 00:27:40.384
trespass.
00:27:40.467 --> 00:27:44.262
When everything went to court,
the damages that these people
00:27:44.346 --> 00:27:48.058
could be held accountable
for was $420 Million dollars.
00:27:48.141 --> 00:27:52.229
I talked to a number of
lawyers and one of the lawyers
00:27:52.312 --> 00:27:56.191
that I spoke with told me
that he had never heard
00:27:56.274 --> 00:28:00.070
of a government anywhere
suing its own citizens.
00:28:06.243 --> 00:28:09.579
Mike Mires: We held Hydro
at bay for 62 days.
00:28:09.663 --> 00:28:12.916
We thought we had Hydro right
at their knees and if we had
00:28:13.000 --> 00:28:19.172
had backup, if we'd had 50
or 100 or 1,000 people
00:28:19.256 --> 00:28:22.801
backing us up, this job
would not be going on today.
00:28:22.884 --> 00:28:25.470
You know, we have an
injunction set against us
00:28:25.554 --> 00:28:31.101
where none of us can set foot
within the injunction area
00:28:31.184 --> 00:28:34.563
down around the
Site C construction area.
00:28:34.646 --> 00:28:36.898
That boat with the blue and
yellow stripes on it never
00:28:36.982 --> 00:28:41.570
used to be on this river until
we started protesting Site C
00:28:41.653 --> 00:28:44.406
the RCMP got somebody licensed
to run that boat and they've
00:28:44.489 --> 00:28:49.369
been on the river ever since.
00:28:49.453 --> 00:28:50.912
But as far as being cordial,
like everybody's cordial on
00:28:50.996 --> 00:28:53.999
the river, you know, we don't
have an ongoing battle
00:28:54.082 --> 00:28:56.001
with anybody.
00:28:56.084 --> 00:28:59.713
RCMP doesn't intimidate me.
00:29:02.340 --> 00:29:05.969
I honestly have no quarrel
with him right now.
00:29:07.387 --> 00:29:10.557
They're doing their
job, we're doing ours.
00:29:39.836 --> 00:29:42.297
Diane Abel: That whole
hill slid, didn't it?
00:29:42.380 --> 00:29:45.300
Diane's Mother: Yeah, all
these trees are from over there.
00:29:45.384 --> 00:29:48.261
This was all flat.
00:29:48.345 --> 00:29:50.222
Diane Abel: What's going
to happen when they,
00:29:50.305 --> 00:29:51.932
if they flooded?
00:29:52.015 --> 00:29:54.851
It's going to be more
of that going on.
00:29:54.935 --> 00:29:58.146
They took that eagle's
nest down too, eh?
00:29:58.230 --> 00:29:59.397
That was over there.
00:30:00.315 --> 00:30:02.109
Diane's Mother: Yeah I used to
watch eagles there when
00:30:02.192 --> 00:30:03.819
I go by it.
00:30:03.902 --> 00:30:05.403
It's nice to see
things like that.
00:30:05.487 --> 00:30:07.030
You don't anymore.
00:30:07.114 --> 00:30:12.077
Unless there's a roach that
you might see them there.
00:30:12.744 --> 00:30:17.082
I can't believe how you're
going to wreck this place.
00:30:17.165 --> 00:30:19.126
Diane Abel: Well, maybe not.
00:30:19.626 --> 00:30:21.211
Diane's Mother: I don't even,
I don't even want to come to
00:30:21.294 --> 00:30:24.005
Fort St. John anymore even
if they build another road.
00:30:30.137 --> 00:30:34.558
Diane Abel: I believe
that we can win this.
00:30:36.476 --> 00:30:39.563
We have so many warriors on
the ground and I'm really
00:30:39.646 --> 00:30:44.484
thankful that they're there
because if it wasn't for them,
00:30:44.568 --> 00:30:50.240
you know, I think it would
have been very discouraging.
00:30:55.704 --> 00:30:58.623
Esther Peterson: C'mon, get.
00:30:58.707 --> 00:31:02.419
Just beep the horn.
00:31:02.502 --> 00:31:05.922
Hey, don't eat her car.
00:31:06.006 --> 00:31:07.215
Go on, get.
00:31:07.299 --> 00:31:10.844
This here freezer was the
um food drop for the
00:31:10.927 --> 00:31:13.430
Rocky Mountain fort.
00:31:13.513 --> 00:31:18.226
B.C. Hydro ended up suing me for
$450 Million dollars,
00:31:18.310 --> 00:31:19.519
me and five others.
00:31:19.603 --> 00:31:20.645
Diane Abel: What?
00:31:20.729 --> 00:31:21.980
Esther Peterson: So, the
freezer is actually
00:31:22.063 --> 00:31:23.273
for sale right now.
00:31:23.356 --> 00:31:25.901
Um, I'm selling it actually to
bargain $400 Million
00:31:25.984 --> 00:31:28.570
so I can pay for my slap suit.
00:31:28.653 --> 00:31:31.615
You know, somebody called
about it and I said if
00:31:31.698 --> 00:31:34.784
they were like a
civil suit lawyer,
00:31:34.868 --> 00:31:38.413
I would give them the sign and
the owl if they would
00:31:38.496 --> 00:31:40.624
trade me services.
00:31:40.707 --> 00:31:41.583
Diane Abel: Oh!
00:31:41.666 --> 00:31:42.584
Esther Peterson:
To countersue B.C. Hydro
00:31:42.667 --> 00:31:43.585
for that civil suit.
00:31:43.668 --> 00:31:45.587
But I haven't had
any takers yet.
00:31:45.670 --> 00:31:48.548
So how we're affected is the
stability line runs
00:31:48.632 --> 00:31:51.301
straight through that big
hay shed behind you.
00:31:51.384 --> 00:31:54.763
And our house is obviously,
as you can see in this picture,
00:31:54.846 --> 00:31:58.808
is on the wrong side
of the stability line.
00:31:58.892 --> 00:32:01.603
So, we lose our home and this
is the amount of land that's
00:32:01.686 --> 00:32:04.648
left that we'll have is this
tiny little triangle here and
00:32:04.731 --> 00:32:06.775
then this tiny
little bit here.
00:32:06.858 --> 00:32:10.612
B.C. Hydro, how they consult,
they send one guy
00:32:10.695 --> 00:32:12.072
that looks like he has a brain
00:32:12.155 --> 00:32:14.157
and one guy that looks like
a bar bouncer.
00:32:14.241 --> 00:32:16.409
And they come to your house
and they bring up these maps.
00:32:16.493 --> 00:32:18.495
I have a whole booklet of
them and they say,
00:32:18.578 --> 00:32:22.791
"Yeah, we're going to build a
dam and within two years,
00:32:22.874 --> 00:32:25.585
your house will fall into
the river if you stay here.
00:32:25.669 --> 00:32:27.754
So, do you want to
sell now or later?"
00:32:27.837 --> 00:32:29.464
This was before they
even had permits.
00:32:29.547 --> 00:32:31.424
So, we told them when they're
ready to close the gates
00:32:31.508 --> 00:32:34.135
that they should come
and talk to us.
00:32:52.654 --> 00:32:53.822
Ken Boon: Between the
First Nations going
00:32:53.905 --> 00:32:55.240
to their appeal case
00:32:55.323 --> 00:32:57.951
in Montreal, and that's
a big case, the landowners,
00:32:58.034 --> 00:33:01.496
we are still waiting for a
decision on our appeal case.
00:33:01.579 --> 00:33:04.040
And what we're seeing here
right now is the bringing
00:33:04.124 --> 00:33:06.751
together of various
proposals to fight
00:33:06.835 --> 00:33:08.253
an evil project.
00:33:08.336 --> 00:33:10.505
And this is a road bump
we got to get through.
00:33:10.588 --> 00:33:13.758
We got to kill this project
and then get to where
00:33:13.842 --> 00:33:17.470
this valley can be here for
eternity for
00:33:17.554 --> 00:33:18.680
generations to come.
00:33:18.763 --> 00:33:19.973
Keep the Peace.
00:33:20.056 --> 00:33:21.725
Thank you.
00:33:26.021 --> 00:33:27.939
Joan Phillips: It's
so overwhelming,
00:33:28.023 --> 00:33:33.111
and absolutely unthinkable that
they would destroy
00:33:33.194 --> 00:33:36.573
an entire valley.
00:33:36.656 --> 00:33:41.077
I really honor the Boon's
for standing up,
00:33:41.161 --> 00:33:44.497
standing beside Treaty 8
and fighting for their rights
00:33:44.581 --> 00:33:48.793
too because not only are we
being trampled on,
00:33:48.877 --> 00:33:51.463
now they're going after you.
00:33:51.546 --> 00:33:53.923
We're not alone.
00:33:54.007 --> 00:33:59.387
The Treaty means nothing
unless the promise is kept
00:33:59.471 --> 00:34:03.767
and that's not happening.
00:34:12.650 --> 00:34:13.902
Andrea Morrison: First Nations
have had a number of court
00:34:13.985 --> 00:34:16.321
cases, one of their court
cases is being heard at
00:34:16.404 --> 00:34:18.656
the Federal Supreme Court
level in Montreal.
00:34:18.740 --> 00:34:24.412
So, we have a caravan of local
and neighboring First Nations
00:34:24.496 --> 00:34:27.749
individuals who have hopped
on this seven-day journey.
00:34:27.832 --> 00:34:30.919
It's heading out to going to
arrive in Montreal in time
00:34:31.002 --> 00:34:32.962
for the Supreme Court case.
00:34:35.757 --> 00:34:38.009
Albert Brooks: The reason
I'm making this long journey
00:34:38.093 --> 00:34:49.437
is that I love my people and
I would stand to fight
00:34:49.521 --> 00:34:51.564
for the rights of our land,
00:34:51.648 --> 00:34:52.941
Mother Earth land,
00:34:53.024 --> 00:34:58.655
I'm going to Ottawa and stand up
for the Peace River people.
00:34:58.738 --> 00:35:02.826
Stand up for the
Peace River people,
00:35:02.909 --> 00:35:06.955
stand up for the
Peace River people,
00:35:07.038 --> 00:35:09.165
thank you.
00:35:43.741 --> 00:35:46.619
Woman: My co-host here,
Myrna Laplante is going to
00:35:46.703 --> 00:35:49.581
come around and seek some
donations to this very worthy
00:35:49.664 --> 00:35:54.419
cause, the litigation that's
going ahead in Montreal.
00:35:55.170 --> 00:35:56.504
Dave Goodswimmer: When I see a
number of people gathered
00:35:56.588 --> 00:35:59.966
like this, I give many
thanks and in my heart,
00:36:00.049 --> 00:36:03.720
my heart cries with joy,
absolute joy to know that
00:36:03.803 --> 00:36:06.181
we have strength and we
have strength in numbers.
00:36:06.264 --> 00:36:11.311
And if we stand up together,
that's where action happens.
00:36:11.978 --> 00:36:18.193
Group: (Singing)
00:36:33.917 --> 00:36:35.460
Protesters: No Site C.
00:36:35.543 --> 00:36:36.878
No Site C.
00:36:37.170 --> 00:36:38.713
No Site C.
00:36:59.859 --> 00:37:03.613
Grand Chief Simon Serge:
If the industry approaches
00:37:03.696 --> 00:37:07.075
First Nations and they want to
come in with a dangerous
00:37:07.158 --> 00:37:10.578
project like the Site C dam,
then it won't be isolated
00:37:10.662 --> 00:37:12.622
only to this little band.
00:37:12.705 --> 00:37:13.957
I'll tell you, they say
we're going to look
00:37:14.040 --> 00:37:16.626
seven generations ahead
in this modern age,
00:37:16.709 --> 00:37:19.629
it's impossible to even think
two generations ahead because
00:37:19.712 --> 00:37:21.965
it's continuously
changing so fast.
00:37:22.048 --> 00:37:24.008
It's time to take
a little pause,
00:37:24.092 --> 00:37:27.971
take a step back and let's
look at what we've done already.
00:37:58.251 --> 00:38:00.587
Kids: (laughing)
00:38:05.967 --> 00:38:06.551
Kids: That's great.
00:38:06.634 --> 00:38:07.051
Yeah.
00:38:07.135 --> 00:38:09.387
Yes, you can.
00:38:14.475 --> 00:38:15.518
Chief Roland Willson:
The question about the Treaty
00:38:15.602 --> 00:38:16.811
has never been answered.
00:38:16.894 --> 00:38:19.981
We've asked the question
over and over and over,
00:38:20.064 --> 00:38:22.483
and we were told
through the processes,
00:38:22.567 --> 00:38:23.484
"you gotta go to court".
00:38:23.568 --> 00:38:25.403
So we filed a
judicial review.
00:38:25.486 --> 00:38:27.905
They said "This is the wrong
place in court to ask
00:38:27.989 --> 00:38:28.948
that question.
00:38:29.032 --> 00:38:32.452
You need to put a civil action.
00:38:32.535 --> 00:38:34.871
We don't have the funds,
the money to do this.
00:38:34.954 --> 00:38:39.042
And B.C. and Canada don't seem
to run out of money ever.
00:38:39.459 --> 00:38:41.711
Our two little nations are
doing everything we can
00:38:41.794 --> 00:38:44.213
to stay in the fight.
00:38:44.297 --> 00:38:46.174
To win this fight, we
have to stay in the fight,
00:38:46.257 --> 00:38:48.885
and that's the
frustrating part of this,
00:38:48.968 --> 00:38:50.803
we're not going to lose
because we're wrong.
00:38:50.887 --> 00:38:53.306
We're going to lose because
we can't stay in the fight.
00:38:54.932 --> 00:38:59.479
I am 100% positive
that at the end of the day,
00:38:59.562 --> 00:39:01.856
if we're still
sitting at the table and
00:39:01.939 --> 00:39:04.484
everything's been
said and done,
00:39:04.567 --> 00:39:08.946
they've got no other option
but to agree with our side.
00:39:09.447 --> 00:39:10.907
It's a pack of lies against
the truth and the truth
00:39:10.990 --> 00:39:12.241
has to prevail.
00:39:23.086 --> 00:39:24.629
Elder Raymond Needly:
This is mint right here
00:39:24.712 --> 00:39:27.757
that grows around the marsh
area, swampy area.
00:39:27.840 --> 00:39:30.009
So, what I'm going to do is I
want to look again, I wanna ask
00:39:30.093 --> 00:39:33.554
the Mother Creator for
acceptance for this plant that
00:39:33.638 --> 00:39:35.848
we have we make tea and it's
good for healing and
00:39:35.932 --> 00:39:38.142
for lot of things.
00:39:38.226 --> 00:39:39.394
Arthritis and what not
so mahsi, Creator,
00:39:39.477 --> 00:39:43.231
thank you very much.
00:39:44.524 --> 00:39:48.486
So, grab it, the stem.
00:39:56.035 --> 00:39:57.328
Sarah Cox: The two
Treaty 8 First Nations have
00:39:57.412 --> 00:40:00.915
applied for an injunction to
halt work on Site C until
00:40:00.998 --> 00:40:02.834
the case can be heard.
00:40:02.917 --> 00:40:07.547
The sad reality is that with
every month of clearing work
00:40:07.630 --> 00:40:10.967
at the dam site, it
does get harder to stop.
00:40:23.479 --> 00:40:28.192
People: (chattering)
00:40:42.832 --> 00:40:45.710
Ken Boon: This is the
stake and peace fundraiser.
00:40:45.793 --> 00:40:49.297
So, every stake is a
$100 donation to the
00:40:49.380 --> 00:40:53.009
West Moberly Prophet River
First Nation legal costs,
00:40:53.092 --> 00:40:54.552
fighting the Site C project.
00:40:54.635 --> 00:40:57.221
So, we're over a
thousand stakes now.
00:40:57.305 --> 00:40:59.432
So, there you go.
00:40:59.515 --> 00:41:01.392
Over $100,000 so far
00:41:01.476 --> 00:41:05.563
donated from all over
B.C., all over Canada,
00:41:05.646 --> 00:41:08.065
actually all over
North America and
00:41:08.149 --> 00:41:10.526
the world actually.
00:41:42.308 --> 00:41:44.352
Tammy Watson: I remember when
I was young and my grandmother
00:41:44.435 --> 00:41:48.314
made dry meat and I
didn't help her so much,
00:41:48.397 --> 00:41:50.650
but I watched and
then when I started,
00:41:50.733 --> 00:41:55.696
I kind of just
knew what to do.
00:41:57.323 --> 00:42:02.328
Try to go all down,
but not too far.
00:42:03.120 --> 00:42:05.915
So, brother tried really hard
to get a moose and you know,
00:42:05.998 --> 00:42:07.208
how long it took him?
00:42:07.291 --> 00:42:11.170
Two months,
from mid-July he tried.
00:42:11.254 --> 00:42:13.464
And he finally got this bull.
00:42:13.548 --> 00:42:15.132
Just, you know,
where he got it?
00:42:15.216 --> 00:42:16.717
Child: Where?
00:42:16.801 --> 00:42:19.679
Tammy Watson: Just south of
where they're building the dam.
00:42:19.762 --> 00:42:20.680
Child: Really?
00:42:20.763 --> 00:42:21.889
Tammy Watson: At
Grampa's trapline.
00:42:21.973 --> 00:42:22.682
Child: Really.
00:42:22.765 --> 00:42:23.975
Tammy Watson: Yeah.
00:42:24.058 --> 00:42:26.060
And there's not too many
moose around there anymore.
00:42:26.143 --> 00:42:27.937
Child: Can you teach me
how to cut off a piece.
00:42:28.020 --> 00:42:29.689
Tammy Watson: Of course.
00:42:29.772 --> 00:42:32.275
So, this is a good piece to
use if you just slice down
00:42:32.358 --> 00:42:33.484
this way.
00:42:33.568 --> 00:42:34.610
Child: Like, like--.
00:42:34.694 --> 00:42:38.406
Tammy Watson: Don't
go too, too, too deep.
00:42:39.907 --> 00:42:41.367
Did you know?
00:42:41.450 --> 00:42:43.077
Grandma's grandma.
00:42:43.160 --> 00:42:45.204
Child: Yeah, your grandma.
00:42:45.288 --> 00:42:48.291
Tammy Watson: Had her own land
just over that way towards
00:42:48.374 --> 00:42:51.586
the reserve and you know
how she paid for it?
00:42:51.669 --> 00:42:52.628
Child: How?
00:42:52.712 --> 00:42:54.171
Tammy Watson: She
would make moccasins.
00:42:54.255 --> 00:42:57.049
She didn't have
to rely on anyone.
00:42:57.133 --> 00:43:02.430
And Grandpa Frank would
trap all the time.
00:43:19.947 --> 00:43:20.781
Child: I'm doing it, mom.
00:43:22.366 --> 00:43:24.201
Tammy Watson:
Good Job, Thank you.
00:43:24.285 --> 00:43:25.953
Child: You're welcome.
00:44:04.825 --> 00:44:08.120
Diane Abel: I think this is
the grave of a child.
00:44:08.204 --> 00:44:16.337
I don't know, I don't think it's
known who the child was.
00:44:16.420 --> 00:44:19.966
There is another grave,
further down,
00:44:20.049 --> 00:44:27.306
which is the grave of one of the
Dunne-za Chiefs.
00:44:27.390 --> 00:44:29.976
They were planning on
building that highway
00:44:30.059 --> 00:44:33.062
right through here and
then right through our
00:44:33.145 --> 00:44:35.022
sweat lodge we have
down the way.
00:44:35.106 --> 00:44:38.526
We'd gather here as tribes,
00:44:38.609 --> 00:44:41.779
it's sacred,
it's holy almost,
00:44:41.862 --> 00:44:45.241
you know, like
it nurtures us.
00:44:45.324 --> 00:44:50.037
It's our church,
it's our medicine basket.
00:44:50.830 --> 00:44:52.164
Woman: It's our way of life.
00:44:52.248 --> 00:44:53.833
Diane Abel: It's everything.
00:44:56.419 --> 00:44:58.587
You'd always see
moose, you know,
00:44:58.671 --> 00:45:01.340
25-30 moose at a time.
00:45:01.424 --> 00:45:05.052
Fields of 400, 500 deer.
00:45:07.013 --> 00:45:10.057
Woman: At one point
I've counted 5,500 deer
00:45:10.141 --> 00:45:15.646
and now you're lucky
if you can even get to 500 deer
00:45:15.730 --> 00:45:19.900
and it's really lucky
if you get to see a moose
00:45:19.984 --> 00:45:21.777
that's not hit on
the side of the road.
00:45:21.861 --> 00:45:22.903
Diane Abel: That's right.
00:45:22.987 --> 00:45:25.573
Woman: You know, the
traffic is ridiculous.
00:45:25.656 --> 00:45:29.118
And the people that come to
work here don't understand
00:45:29.201 --> 00:45:31.871
or respect the
territory as it is.
00:45:31.954 --> 00:45:33.873
They don't understand
the people.
00:45:33.956 --> 00:45:36.250
They don't respect
the land and..
00:45:36.333 --> 00:45:39.503
They go through it
like it's nothing,
00:45:39.587 --> 00:45:41.464
but this is who we are.
00:45:41.547 --> 00:45:43.674
You're literally driving
through the heart
00:45:43.758 --> 00:45:45.301
of our people.
00:45:48.804 --> 00:45:50.097
Man: We used to gather
the fish from the river,
00:45:50.181 --> 00:45:52.683
and now today we have to deal
with lead poisoning and the
00:45:52.767 --> 00:45:57.313
mercury poisoning and see the
fish ain't even safe anymore.
00:45:57.897 --> 00:46:01.692
Woman: Measuring the
amounts that you can take.
00:46:01.776 --> 00:46:03.444
Man: Where the habitats and
the moose and all the other
00:46:03.527 --> 00:46:06.530
animals go, they need
those water sources and
00:46:06.614 --> 00:46:08.783
all of these water sources
are all changing.
00:46:08.866 --> 00:46:11.619
There used to be nice clean
water flowing through here.
00:46:11.702 --> 00:46:13.704
A lot of these now are just
muddy little streams now where
00:46:13.788 --> 00:46:16.248
they used to be flowing full.
00:46:16.332 --> 00:46:18.626
Woman: Because of industry.
00:46:20.044 --> 00:46:22.671
Like, that's a reality as well
that we're facing and moose
00:46:22.755 --> 00:46:26.092
that we do have and the animals
we do have are sick.
00:46:26.175 --> 00:46:29.136
You know, my
brother's gone out.
00:46:29.220 --> 00:46:33.891
He's a hunter of
our community and four moose
00:46:33.974 --> 00:46:37.394
were sick that he
harvested for them,
00:46:37.478 --> 00:46:39.814
that he couldn't take and
feed people because
00:46:39.897 --> 00:46:43.734
they were inedible.
00:46:43.818 --> 00:46:47.571
And we drive through this
valley and it breaks my heart
00:46:47.655 --> 00:46:50.825
because I know my kids are
probably too young that
00:46:50.908 --> 00:46:53.828
they're not going to remember
it if Site C goes through.
00:46:53.911 --> 00:46:57.164
You know, and we can stand
here and look at a reservoir
00:46:57.248 --> 00:47:00.543
and say, I used to walk, our
ancestors walked in the bottom
00:47:00.626 --> 00:47:02.336
of that reservoir.
00:47:02.419 --> 00:47:05.172
And now their footsteps
are washed from the earth.
00:47:07.466 --> 00:47:09.176
Diane Abel: This is
Dunne-za territory.
00:47:09.260 --> 00:47:11.762
This is where our
ancestors lived.
00:47:11.846 --> 00:47:14.849
They hunted here,
they lived here.
00:47:14.932 --> 00:47:20.563
This is sacred, we will
stay here and fight
00:47:20.646 --> 00:47:25.526
until the very end.
00:47:26.152 --> 00:47:27.778
We're not going to roll over.
00:47:28.612 --> 00:47:31.365
We're going to fight
to protect this place.
00:47:31.448 --> 00:47:36.287
And for my grandbaby.
00:47:37.246 --> 00:47:39.165
You know,
my grandson, Aiden,
00:47:39.248 --> 00:47:43.878
he said -- he always goes
hunting with his dad.
00:47:43.961 --> 00:47:48.132
He said, "I hope that I can
keep hunting when I grow up.
00:47:48.215 --> 00:47:51.051
I hope there's moose
left for me to hunt."
00:47:58.767 --> 00:48:01.437
Chief Roland Willson:
It's crazy that First Nations
00:48:01.520 --> 00:48:04.398
even exist today.
00:48:04.481 --> 00:48:07.526
It's out of sheer will
that we're still here.
00:48:07.610 --> 00:48:10.404
They tried to remove the
Indian in the people through
00:48:10.487 --> 00:48:11.780
Residential schools.
00:48:11.864 --> 00:48:14.491
They were going to beat the
Indian out of the child
00:48:14.575 --> 00:48:17.703
and take their culture away,
make them speak English,
00:48:17.786 --> 00:48:19.455
cut their
hair off, you know,
00:48:19.538 --> 00:48:20.915
do all that stuff
and that didn't work.
00:48:20.998 --> 00:48:22.833
You know, we're still here.
00:48:22.917 --> 00:48:26.128
Now they're trying to take the
land away from us, you know,
00:48:26.212 --> 00:48:28.505
because we're people of the
land and you can't separate us
00:48:28.589 --> 00:48:29.840
from the land.
00:48:29.924 --> 00:48:33.761
We're one in the same,
we're as part of the system
00:48:33.844 --> 00:48:36.096
as the caribou
are, you know,
00:48:36.180 --> 00:48:38.140
the fish are and
how the water runs.
00:48:45.773 --> 00:48:46.815
Residential School Teacher:
Our lady of good studies.
00:48:46.899 --> 00:48:48.150
Students: Pray for us.
00:48:48.234 --> 00:48:48.776
Residential School Teacher:
Our lady of good studies.
00:48:48.859 --> 00:48:49.985
Students: Pray for us.
00:48:50.069 --> 00:48:50.611
Residential School Teacher:
Our lady good studies.
00:48:50.694 --> 00:48:52.404
Students: Pray for us.
00:48:52.488 --> 00:48:55.741
Teacher and students:
In the name of the
Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.
00:48:55.824 --> 00:48:56.909
Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.
00:48:56.992 --> 00:48:58.077
Residential School Teacher:
Sit down class.
00:48:58.160 --> 00:49:01.413
Nun: Don't put your hands
by your face when you,
00:49:01.497 --> 00:49:03.123
put your hands down, let me
see how many could put your
00:49:03.207 --> 00:49:04.667
hands right in their
desk nicely, that's nice.
00:49:04.750 --> 00:49:07.878
It's got to be somebody's
birthday Christmas time.
00:49:07.962 --> 00:49:10.047
It's got to be the
birth of Jesus.
00:49:10.130 --> 00:49:10.798
That's right.
00:49:10.881 --> 00:49:13.717
Would you stand up now nicely.
00:49:13.968 --> 00:49:14.760
That's good.
00:49:15.344 --> 00:49:16.262
Residential School
teacher: Remember,
00:49:16.345 --> 00:49:18.305
telephone conversation manners.
00:49:18.389 --> 00:49:20.015
Can you tell me some of
the points that you should
00:49:20.099 --> 00:49:22.977
remember when you are
using the telephone?
00:49:23.060 --> 00:49:24.895
What should she do?
00:49:24.979 --> 00:49:27.106
The person who answers.
00:49:28.274 --> 00:49:29.900
More hands.
00:49:31.360 --> 00:49:33.362
Student: To say who--
to say who it is.
00:49:34.154 --> 00:49:35.572
Residential School teacher:
To say who it is immediately,
00:49:35.656 --> 00:49:38.867
who is answering, and that
saves time because always keep
00:49:38.951 --> 00:49:41.620
in mind, the telephone is not
only for you, there are many
00:49:41.704 --> 00:49:44.164
other people who use the
telephone and you have to
00:49:44.248 --> 00:49:45.124
consider them.
00:49:45.666 --> 00:49:48.043
Residential School teacher:
Because it's a day when we get
00:49:48.127 --> 00:49:50.379
hope, it's happy and
therefore we celebrate.
00:49:50.462 --> 00:49:51.922
We have parties.
00:49:52.006 --> 00:49:56.427
We have presents and
we have lots of fun,
00:49:56.510 --> 00:50:00.639
but the first thing, the very
first thing is it is Christ's
00:50:00.723 --> 00:50:03.392
Birthday, you say thank you
for Christ and then afterwards
00:50:03.475 --> 00:50:08.022
have fun and if you
had a rough time, well,
00:50:08.105 --> 00:50:09.773
you do a better job.
00:50:09.857 --> 00:50:13.736
Some of you can't do any
worse than your parents did.
00:50:13.819 --> 00:50:17.990
You should always
try and do better.
00:50:18.741 --> 00:50:20.659
Give your children a Christmas
you would have liked
00:50:20.743 --> 00:50:22.202
to have had.
00:50:22.286 --> 00:50:23.912
That's what Christmas is.
00:50:23.996 --> 00:50:25.497
Children's Day.
00:50:32.129 --> 00:50:33.881
Nun: Night girls
and God bless you.
00:50:59.323 --> 00:51:02.993
Reporter: Everything at
Site C is big, big equipment,
00:51:03.077 --> 00:51:06.663
big responsibility,
big appetites.
00:51:06.747 --> 00:51:07.414
Man: Medium rare.
00:51:07.498 --> 00:51:08.374
Woman: Medium rare.
00:51:08.457 --> 00:51:09.375
Man: Yeah.
00:51:09.458 --> 00:51:11.460
Reporter: The
kitchen never stops.
00:51:11.543 --> 00:51:13.921
It's 9000 square feet.
00:51:14.004 --> 00:51:18.217
They feed 1,300 people
morning, noon, and night.
00:51:18.300 --> 00:51:19.968
Woman: Enjoy your
meal, sir, goodnight.
00:51:20.052 --> 00:51:22.721
Reporter: The main hallway is
half a kilometer long.
00:51:22.805 --> 00:51:25.182
You'll find
Starbucks, a theater,
00:51:25.265 --> 00:51:29.436
a separate basketball court,
gym and weight room, and
00:51:29.520 --> 00:51:32.523
a generously stocked lounge.
00:51:32.606 --> 00:51:34.149
Man: It is more, more
like a cruise ship style,
00:51:34.233 --> 00:51:36.193
all-inclusive type place.
00:51:36.276 --> 00:51:37.945
Man: Welcome to Fort St. Cold.
00:51:38.028 --> 00:51:39.738
Reporter: Yes, the winters
are cold and dark here in
00:51:39.822 --> 00:51:43.200
Fort St. John, but workers can
still catch some rays in
00:51:43.283 --> 00:51:45.411
the onsite tanning salon.
00:51:45.869 --> 00:51:47.329
Woman: For me,
I'm happy to, like,
00:51:47.413 --> 00:51:49.665
get my music going and
I'm just driving around,
00:51:49.748 --> 00:51:50.874
driving through the mud.
00:51:50.958 --> 00:51:51.834
I love it.
00:51:52.709 --> 00:51:55.212
Reporter: That love
won't last forever here.
00:51:55.295 --> 00:51:59.299
When the dam is done in 2024
the work camp will disappear.
00:53:14.666 --> 00:53:17.127
Jessica Macdonald: We have
about 200 First Nations
00:53:17.211 --> 00:53:20.297
individuals working
on the site currently.
00:53:20.380 --> 00:53:22.216
We have over $100 Million
dollars' worth of
00:53:22.299 --> 00:53:24.885
commitments in terms of
procurements and business
00:53:24.968 --> 00:53:26.470
opportunities.
00:53:26.553 --> 00:53:27.387
You've just--
00:53:27.471 --> 00:53:29.348
Man: For First
Nations companies.
00:53:29.431 --> 00:53:30.557
Jessica Macdonald:
First Nations.
00:53:30.641 --> 00:53:31.808
We were just touring the
camp, and you know you'll
00:53:31.892 --> 00:53:34.269
remember that the medical
facility is a joint venture
00:53:34.353 --> 00:53:37.272
opportunity with the
Half-Way River First Nation.
00:53:37.356 --> 00:53:39.399
There are two
First Nations,
00:53:39.483 --> 00:53:42.569
that have legally opposed
us in court.
00:53:42.653 --> 00:53:44.947
At the end of the day, those
matters have been heard by
00:53:45.030 --> 00:53:48.367
courts and to this
point have been dismissed.
00:54:14.893 --> 00:54:17.271
Man: They're not
listening to us.
00:54:17.354 --> 00:54:20.065
They're claiming they had
meaningful consultation,
00:54:20.148 --> 00:54:25.237
but informational exchange is
not meaningful consultation.
00:54:25.320 --> 00:54:28.365
They wanted to meet with us,
but all they wanted to do was
00:54:28.448 --> 00:54:32.286
talk about what they're
proposing to do with this river.
00:54:32.369 --> 00:54:39.126
They came to West Moberly
and for three hours,
00:54:39.209 --> 00:54:44.464
my people talk to
them and told them no,
00:54:44.548 --> 00:54:46.925
we do not want this dam.
00:54:47.426 --> 00:54:50.178
No, we do not
support this dam.
00:54:50.262 --> 00:54:52.514
One of the things that
happened when we were
00:54:52.598 --> 00:54:56.518
consulting or supposedly
consulting with B.C. Hydro
00:54:56.602 --> 00:54:58.562
was during the meeting
my dad finally stood up and
00:54:58.645 --> 00:55:02.733
said, "I speak three
First Nation languages, Cree,
00:55:02.816 --> 00:55:04.735
Dunne-za, and Saulteau.
00:55:04.818 --> 00:55:10.032
Maybe what we should do is
I'll teach you each one
00:55:10.115 --> 00:55:11.783
of those three languages.
00:55:11.867 --> 00:55:17.998
So that way I can explain
to you people what no means.
00:55:18.081 --> 00:55:22.544
Because you you don't seem to
understand what no means
00:55:22.628 --> 00:55:25.589
in English and that's
your language."
00:55:26.381 --> 00:55:27.799
There was no takers.
00:55:38.602 --> 00:55:42.564
Diane Abel: Definitely be some
divide and conquer because
00:55:42.648 --> 00:55:47.319
some communities maybe
aren't as affected as others,
00:55:47.402 --> 00:55:52.407
and there's always
that idea that it's going to
00:55:52.491 --> 00:55:56.203
happen anyway, you know, just
like everything else around
00:55:56.286 --> 00:55:58.705
here, the pipelines, the
oil and gas developments,
00:55:58.789 --> 00:55:59.998
it's going to happen.
00:56:00.082 --> 00:56:01.124
We can't stop it.
00:56:01.208 --> 00:56:04.002
So, we might as well get
something out of it
00:56:04.086 --> 00:56:07.255
for our people.
00:56:07.589 --> 00:56:08.799
Two of our smallest
communities are the ones that
00:56:08.882 --> 00:56:14.596
are taking a lot of heat from
the government, from industry,
00:56:14.680 --> 00:56:17.557
from even people locally.
00:56:17.641 --> 00:56:20.477
You know, they're they're mad
because we're
00:56:20.560 --> 00:56:22.604
slowing down progress.
00:56:22.688 --> 00:56:27.943
You know, we're taking away
their jobs or we're trying to
00:56:28.026 --> 00:56:29.194
take away their jobs.
00:56:29.277 --> 00:56:32.823
But if they can't,
you know, like already,
00:56:32.906 --> 00:56:37.369
like in Williston, you can't
eat a lot of fish out of
00:56:37.452 --> 00:56:39.454
that lake, there's a limit
on what you can eat.
00:56:39.538 --> 00:56:42.374
What's going to happen
in the Peace River?
00:56:42.457 --> 00:56:47.587
We're not going to be able
to eat that fish either?
00:56:48.422 --> 00:56:50.716
And of all the land
they're destroying,
00:56:50.799 --> 00:56:52.676
what's going to
happen when, you know,
00:56:52.759 --> 00:56:57.889
we we can't truck up food from
the U.S. or Mexico or wherever
00:56:57.973 --> 00:57:02.144
it comes from when we have to
grow our own and take care
00:57:02.227 --> 00:57:04.438
of our own people here?
00:57:04.521 --> 00:57:06.356
Where are we going to grow it?
00:57:06.440 --> 00:57:07.858
At a well site?
00:57:10.444 --> 00:57:11.820
Chief Roland Willson:
The treatment that the
00:57:11.903 --> 00:57:13.613
First Nations are getting over
this project is disgusting,
00:57:13.697 --> 00:57:15.657
what the government has
done to our communities,
00:57:15.741 --> 00:57:18.994
making us fight amongst each
other over this stupid project
00:57:19.077 --> 00:57:20.537
is disgusting.
00:57:20.620 --> 00:57:24.374
This is divided
our communities,
00:57:24.458 --> 00:57:26.710
we got families
arguing and fighting over
00:57:26.793 --> 00:57:30.714
jobs, you know, and that's
that's the tough reality of
00:57:30.797 --> 00:57:32.466
this whole whole process.
00:57:32.549 --> 00:57:36.595
People have to feed their
families and we can't
00:57:36.678 --> 00:57:39.765
fault them for going to work.
00:57:39.848 --> 00:57:43.935
And if we win, those people
will be out of jobs, you know,
00:57:44.019 --> 00:57:47.689
and that's going
to be hard on everybody.
00:57:47.773 --> 00:57:51.401
But at the end of the day, the
Treaty will take care of us,
00:57:51.485 --> 00:57:54.321
the rights of the Treaty, we
still have the ability
00:57:54.404 --> 00:57:55.989
to live off the land.
00:57:56.072 --> 00:57:58.158
We still have that knowledge.
00:57:58.241 --> 00:58:04.456
We can go hunt moose,
if there's any moose left.
00:58:04.539 --> 00:58:07.292
We still have that ability to
get back out on the land
00:58:07.375 --> 00:58:10.504
and be alright.
00:58:15.884 --> 00:58:19.387
Anchor: Good morning and
welcome to Your Vote 2017,
00:58:19.471 --> 00:58:21.807
the News 11:30
leadership debate.
00:58:21.890 --> 00:58:25.101
Christy Clark, you've pushed
ahead with Site C at least
00:58:25.185 --> 00:58:26.937
$8 Billion dollars.
00:58:27.020 --> 00:58:29.731
Many say we don't need the
power and won't for decades.
00:58:29.815 --> 00:58:34.778
Why now and why no review
by the Utilities Commission?
00:58:34.861 --> 00:58:38.031
Christy Clark: There have been
10 years of reviews on Site C.
00:58:38.114 --> 00:58:39.574
Anchor: Not by the
Utility Commision
00:58:39.658 --> 00:58:41.451
Christy Clark: No, but
by an independent panel.
00:58:41.535 --> 00:58:44.246
There are 2,100 people
working on that site today.
00:58:44.329 --> 00:58:46.081
John Horgan: How many
from British Columbia?
00:58:46.164 --> 00:58:47.541
Christy Clark:
These guys-- 80%.
00:58:47.624 --> 00:58:48.500
These guys want to make sure
that they send every single
00:58:48.583 --> 00:58:50.168
one of them a pink slip.
00:58:50.252 --> 00:58:51.503
John Horgan:
She makes stuff up, Bill,
00:58:51.586 --> 00:58:54.506
and this is why
British Columbia's have no
00:58:54.589 --> 00:58:55.298
confidence in the B.C. Liberals,
00:58:55.382 --> 00:58:56.466
Christy Clark: We didn't--
00:58:56.550 --> 00:58:57.050
John Horgan: She got to
use some real facts
00:58:57.133 --> 00:58:58.134
not alternative facts.
00:58:58.218 --> 00:58:59.094
Christy Clark: Mr. Hogan,
we didn't make up.
00:58:59.177 --> 00:59:00.178
John Horgan: Where's
Sean Spicer, is he
00:59:00.262 --> 00:59:01.596
going to be rolling in here
any minute now?
00:59:01.680 --> 00:59:03.306
We have a Utilities Commission
to protect the people of B.C.
00:59:03.390 --> 00:59:06.017
from politicians that make
choices for their
00:59:06.101 --> 00:59:07.644
political party,
not for the ballot.
00:59:07.727 --> 00:59:08.311
Anchor: Can it be stopped?
00:59:08.395 --> 00:59:09.145
Man: Yes it can.
00:59:09.229 --> 00:59:10.897
John Horgan: We're going to
00:59:10.981 --> 00:59:12.232
put the question to
the Utilities Commission.
00:59:12.315 --> 00:59:15.485
As the reviewer
of the project,
00:59:15.569 --> 00:59:17.445
Dr. Harry Swain, suggested,
we're going to go to the
00:59:17.529 --> 00:59:19.322
Utilities Commission and
say, how much damage has this
00:59:19.406 --> 00:59:21.992
government done in their
desire to get past the point
00:59:22.075 --> 00:59:24.703
of no return rather than
doing good public policy?
00:59:30.458 --> 00:59:32.502
John Horgan:
British Columbians,
00:59:32.586 --> 00:59:36.006
British Columbians voted
today to get big money
00:59:36.089 --> 00:59:38.466
out of politics.
00:59:40.635 --> 00:59:42.846
Reporter: Last night, the N.D.P.
and Green Party brought down
00:59:42.929 --> 00:59:45.765
the government, ending
16 years of Liberal rule
00:59:45.849 --> 00:59:48.351
and Christy Clark's
time as Premier.
00:59:48.435 --> 00:59:49.978
Crowd: N.D.P., N.D.P.!
00:59:50.061 --> 00:59:51.980
Reporter: A new provincial
government led by N.D.P. leader
00:59:52.063 --> 00:59:55.066
and now Premier
designate John Horgan.
00:59:56.484 --> 00:59:58.945
Sarah Cox: The N.D.P.campaigned
on a promise to send the
00:59:59.029 --> 01:00:01.072
project to the
01:00:01.156 --> 01:00:03.491
B.C. Utilities Commission for
review, which they did.
01:00:03.575 --> 01:00:07.120
They send it for a
fast-tracked review.
01:00:07.579 --> 01:00:09.205
They said that the joint
review panel had looked at the
01:00:09.289 --> 01:00:12.125
impacts on the environment and
First Nations so they weren't
01:00:12.208 --> 01:00:15.253
going to do that, they were
only going to focus on the
01:00:15.337 --> 01:00:17.505
economics of it.
01:00:17.589 --> 01:00:22.052
The final report was released,
it was a very damning report.
01:00:22.135 --> 01:00:24.888
It revealed all kinds of
things that people had
01:00:24.971 --> 01:00:29.726
suspected about this
project but had not known.
01:00:30.727 --> 01:00:33.355
The report showed that the
project had fallen behind
01:00:33.438 --> 01:00:36.650
schedule, that it was
seriously over budget,
01:00:36.733 --> 01:00:40.320
that it was plagued with
geotechnical issues.
01:00:41.237 --> 01:00:43.031
Robert McCullough: B.C. Hydro
01:00:43.114 --> 01:00:44.991
has not built a
similar project in 20 years.
01:00:45.075 --> 01:00:50.413
They're making a number of
learning curve mistakes.
01:00:50.497 --> 01:00:53.375
The left shore turns
out to be unstable.
01:00:53.458 --> 01:00:55.627
They use the word
"tension cracks,"
01:00:55.710 --> 01:00:58.797
but what they mean is
landslides that set them back
01:00:58.880 --> 01:01:02.133
at least a year and cost them
somewhere between
01:01:02.217 --> 01:01:05.220
one and two billion dollars.
01:01:06.388 --> 01:01:10.433
The dam is going to cost at
least $10.7 Billion dollars.
01:01:10.517 --> 01:01:12.686
The cost of
that power in the U.S.
01:01:12.769 --> 01:01:15.855
at the moment is probably
something at most
01:01:15.939 --> 01:01:18.400
$3 Billion dollars.
01:01:18.483 --> 01:01:23.029
So, someone is going to lose
$7.7 Billion dollars
01:01:23.113 --> 01:01:24.698
in this undertaking
and that's just
01:01:24.781 --> 01:01:25.949
the bottom line.
01:01:26.950 --> 01:01:29.244
Harry Swain: B.C. Hydro says
that this dam will create
01:01:29.327 --> 01:01:32.706
ten-thousand-person years of
work in its construction.
01:01:32.789 --> 01:01:39.462
Each 'person year' costs you
over a million dollars.
01:01:39.546 --> 01:01:43.258
This is in a province which
has pretty close to full
01:01:43.341 --> 01:01:46.052
employment and in a region of
the province that absolutely
01:01:46.136 --> 01:01:48.013
has full employment.
01:01:48.096 --> 01:01:51.099
The economic case against
it is devastating.
01:01:51.182 --> 01:01:55.770
The attempt by the previous
government to get it past
01:01:55.854 --> 01:01:59.816
the point of no return
has not happened.
01:01:59.899 --> 01:02:04.487
We would be much better off to
write off the expense so far.
01:02:04.571 --> 01:02:09.617
We would then be saved
throwing another 8-9 billion
01:02:09.701 --> 01:02:14.539
dollars of good money
after 2 1/2 gone bad.
01:02:14.622 --> 01:02:20.712
With no end of studies and
representations and so on,
01:02:20.795 --> 01:02:23.048
so forth, they can't claim
that they didn't know
01:02:23.131 --> 01:02:24.507
what was going on.
01:02:24.591 --> 01:02:28.428
That they were somehow fooled.
01:02:28.803 --> 01:02:30.722
I think it's a
almost a cultural,
01:02:30.805 --> 01:02:33.975
institutional mindset.
01:02:34.059 --> 01:02:37.145
I don't think it
is guilty people.
01:02:37.228 --> 01:02:41.316
I don't think it's evil
people, it's just people.
01:02:53.912 --> 01:02:55.330
Chief Roland Willson: Everyone
knows that the B.C.U.C just
01:02:55.413 --> 01:02:57.707
issued their final report.
01:02:57.791 --> 01:03:00.376
Hopefully these guys in the
building behind us are going to
01:03:00.460 --> 01:03:03.797
go away and come back with
the right and proper
01:03:03.880 --> 01:03:05.006
decision on this.
01:03:05.090 --> 01:03:07.550
It was not this government
that approved this project,
01:03:07.634 --> 01:03:11.930
but it is this government that
has the ability to stop this.
01:03:13.723 --> 01:03:15.642
Bob Chamberlin: It's time
for this garbage to stop.
01:03:19.521 --> 01:03:22.398
When I think of Site C,
I think of the two existing
01:03:22.482 --> 01:03:24.818
dams that are already found
within their traditional
01:03:24.901 --> 01:03:26.694
territories.
01:03:26.778 --> 01:03:29.989
When is enough enough?
01:03:30.073 --> 01:03:33.576
When will development stop
01:03:33.660 --> 01:03:37.705
when a First Nation has given
up so many rights already.
01:03:37.789 --> 01:03:38.790
And this is what
British Columbians
01:03:38.873 --> 01:03:40.416
need to understand,
01:03:40.500 --> 01:03:43.837
is that what we're talking
about is a vast track of land
01:03:43.920 --> 01:03:47.173
which cannot be reversed
once it's flooded.
01:03:47.257 --> 01:03:49.801
I want each of you to think
of your loved ones that have
01:03:49.884 --> 01:03:51.719
passed on.
01:03:51.803 --> 01:03:53.888
I want each of you
to take that time and remember
01:03:53.972 --> 01:03:56.349
when you stood at the
gravesite and the feelings
01:03:56.432 --> 01:04:01.187
you had, and to consider the
Treaty 8 First Nations
01:04:01.271 --> 01:04:03.731
sacred burial grounds are
going to be underneath
01:04:03.815 --> 01:04:04.816
that water.
01:04:06.985 --> 01:04:08.528
Reporter: There's no stopping
the now $10.7 Billion dollar
01:04:08.611 --> 01:04:11.990
Site C dam near Fort St. John.
01:04:12.073 --> 01:04:14.325
Today, work continues on
a project the N.D.P. says
01:04:14.409 --> 01:04:16.953
has reached the point
of no return.
01:04:17.036 --> 01:04:18.037
John Horgan: We have listened.
01:04:18.121 --> 01:04:20.165
We have deliberated
and we have debated.
01:04:20.248 --> 01:04:22.792
And at the end of the day,
we've come to the conclusion
01:04:22.876 --> 01:04:25.170
that although Site C is not
the project we would have
01:04:25.253 --> 01:04:28.923
favoured, it must be completed
to meet the objectives
01:04:29.007 --> 01:04:30.300
our government have set.
01:04:30.383 --> 01:04:32.552
They got to the
point of no return.
01:04:32.635 --> 01:04:34.137
That was their whole point.
01:04:34.220 --> 01:04:35.555
It wasn't about public policy.
01:04:35.638 --> 01:04:37.307
It wasn't about energy policy.
01:04:37.390 --> 01:04:39.434
It wasn't about the best
interests of British Columbians.
01:04:39.517 --> 01:04:42.770
It was about getting a project
past the point of no return.
01:04:43.563 --> 01:04:45.607
Reporter: How could this
not be a setback to your
01:04:45.690 --> 01:04:47.275
relationship with
First Nations,
01:04:47.358 --> 01:04:50.111
a number of whom have opposed
this damn well beyond
01:04:50.195 --> 01:04:51.738
West Moberly and Prophet River?
01:04:51.821 --> 01:04:54.240
John Horgan: When it comes to
reconciliation and working
01:04:54.324 --> 01:04:55.658
with Indigenous leadership,
01:04:55.742 --> 01:04:58.661
look, there has been over a
150 years of disappointment
01:04:58.745 --> 01:05:00.079
in British Columbia.
01:05:00.163 --> 01:05:02.040
I'm not the first person
to stand before you and
01:05:02.123 --> 01:05:03.791
disappoint Indigenous people.
01:05:03.875 --> 01:05:06.920
Reporter: Businesses and trade
unions in general applauded
01:05:07.003 --> 01:05:09.380
today's decision, agreeing
there should be no stopping
01:05:09.464 --> 01:05:10.298
Site C.
01:05:19.724 --> 01:05:22.227
Chief Roland Willson:
Premier Horgan donated $100
01:05:22.310 --> 01:05:24.729
and bought a stake,
a yellow stake
01:05:24.812 --> 01:05:26.147
to save the Peace.
01:05:26.231 --> 01:05:27.982
We've come to give
their stakes back and
01:05:28.066 --> 01:05:30.860
give them their money back.
01:05:33.154 --> 01:05:35.031
Bob Chamberlin: I always
believe it is such a sad day
01:05:35.114 --> 01:05:38.618
for Canada at a time when they
portray to the world about
01:05:38.701 --> 01:05:41.371
reconciliation with
First Nations people,
01:05:41.454 --> 01:05:45.708
that they conveniently forget
this at times such as Site C.
01:05:45.792 --> 01:05:47.377
And I think that
British Columbians are going to
01:05:47.460 --> 01:05:49.837
have a very long memory about
this when it comes time
01:05:49.921 --> 01:05:53.591
for the next election.
01:05:58.805 --> 01:06:01.349
Crowd: Stop Site C,
stop Site C, stop Site C,
01:06:01.432 --> 01:06:02.558
stop Site C,
01:06:02.642 --> 01:06:07.897
stop Site C, stop Site C!
01:06:15.947 --> 01:06:18.074
Diane Abel: And there
were a lot of tears here,
01:06:18.157 --> 01:06:20.493
a lot of sadness.
01:06:20.576 --> 01:06:22.287
I still don't understand.
01:06:22.370 --> 01:06:24.122
I don't understand how a
01:06:24.205 --> 01:06:26.666
government could say this is
in the best interest of our
01:06:26.749 --> 01:06:33.298
province when families, our
homes are being threatened.
01:06:33.381 --> 01:06:37.760
But I think it puts our
leadership in a really
01:06:37.844 --> 01:06:42.390
hard spot because they don't
want to give up the fight,
01:06:42.473 --> 01:06:46.936
but I think for some of
the members, it's like,
01:06:47.020 --> 01:06:49.188
why are we still fighting?
01:06:49.272 --> 01:06:51.607
You know, we're not
going to win.
01:06:52.734 --> 01:06:57.155
And I get that, too,
because sometimes
01:06:57.238 --> 01:07:00.325
I feel like that to.
01:07:02.118 --> 01:07:04.620
It gets tiring, this fighting.
01:07:23.931 --> 01:07:25.308
Chief Roland Willson: The
Peace River country is not
01:07:25.391 --> 01:07:26.642
a sacrifice zone for anybody.
01:07:26.726 --> 01:07:28.353
It's our home.
01:07:28.436 --> 01:07:30.605
We deserve to live
there in peace.
01:07:30.688 --> 01:07:32.899
We deserve to live there in
the honour of the Treaty that
01:07:32.982 --> 01:07:35.276
stated no forced interference.
01:07:35.360 --> 01:07:37.862
When you're down to 219 caribou
01:07:37.945 --> 01:07:40.073
and you can't fish
the fish out on your lake
01:07:40.156 --> 01:07:42.658
that you've lived on for
a thousand years,
01:07:42.742 --> 01:07:45.328
that's pretty
forced interference.
01:07:47.538 --> 01:07:48.748
Chief Roland Willson: We are
in the second week
01:07:48.831 --> 01:07:50.166
of our court case.
01:07:50.249 --> 01:07:53.503
This is going to affect
everybody across Canada
01:07:53.586 --> 01:07:55.797
that has Treaty.
01:07:55.880 --> 01:08:00.176
The Crown has the opportunity
to infringe the Treaty if
01:08:00.259 --> 01:08:02.136
they can justify the project.
01:08:02.220 --> 01:08:03.388
If they're able to do this
01:08:03.471 --> 01:08:06.933
without making even the
simplest justification
01:08:07.016 --> 01:08:09.352
of the project, the need
for the project,
01:08:09.435 --> 01:08:12.563
why why do we have Treaties?
01:08:12.647 --> 01:08:13.189
Like what's the point?
01:08:13.272 --> 01:08:14.524
What was the promise for?
01:08:14.607 --> 01:08:18.194
We spent the last
hundred years in a lie.
01:08:18.277 --> 01:08:21.197
What is the point
of having a Treaty,
01:08:21.280 --> 01:08:23.783
if there's no way to
protect the Treaty?
01:08:23.866 --> 01:08:28.454
If they win, what it literally
means is that every project
01:08:28.538 --> 01:08:31.916
can go forward and all
they have to do is give us
01:08:31.999 --> 01:08:34.710
money for it and we can be
compensated for the violation
01:08:34.794 --> 01:08:36.546
of the Constitution of Canada.
01:08:36.629 --> 01:08:39.924
You know, and that to me
just doesn't make any sense.
01:08:40.007 --> 01:08:41.426
This is the
Constitution of Canada.
01:08:41.509 --> 01:08:44.053
The Treaty is a
hundred years old.
01:08:44.137 --> 01:08:46.889
The Treaty doesn't just belong
to West Moberly or the
01:08:46.973 --> 01:08:48.349
Treaty 8
First Nations or nations.
01:08:48.433 --> 01:08:49.976
It belongs to everybody.
01:08:50.059 --> 01:08:51.686
You're part of the Treaty.
01:08:51.769 --> 01:08:55.565
Your government agreed
to terms with us.
01:08:55.648 --> 01:08:57.191
We're in this together.
01:08:57.275 --> 01:08:59.235
This is as much your
Treaty as it is our Treaty.
01:09:01.446 --> 01:09:02.905
Chief Roland Willson: It's
it's getting to the point that
01:09:02.989 --> 01:09:09.162
like, if we don't get
some justice, pretty soon
01:09:09.245 --> 01:09:12.248
we're going to have to go
to the court documents to
01:09:12.331 --> 01:09:14.333
understand who we
are as a people.
01:09:14.417 --> 01:09:18.713
Right, that's where the only
record of us is going to be.
01:09:18.796 --> 01:09:22.049
Our grandchildren's children
are going to wonder
01:09:22.133 --> 01:09:23.718
well, who were we?
01:09:23.801 --> 01:09:25.803
And they're going
to say, well here,
01:09:25.887 --> 01:09:30.016
read this court document of
the Site C injunction case,
01:09:30.099 --> 01:09:34.353
it'll explain to
you who you are.
01:09:35.521 --> 01:09:58.544
Group: (singing)
01:10:49.428 --> 01:10:51.722
Chief Roland Willson: It's
a pretty historic gathering.
01:10:51.806 --> 01:10:53.766
We've had small gatherings,
but we've never had
01:10:53.849 --> 01:10:56.769
a large number of nations
come together.
01:10:56.852 --> 01:11:00.106
A lot of the nations of
Treaty 8 are gathered around the
01:11:00.189 --> 01:11:03.276
Peace River and what's going
on in my home territory
01:11:03.359 --> 01:11:06.988
affects everybody
along the Peace River.
01:11:07.071 --> 01:11:09.865
I don't know that
we are united.
01:11:09.949 --> 01:11:11.033
Some of us have agreement.
01:11:11.117 --> 01:11:12.201
Some of us don't.
01:11:12.285 --> 01:11:14.287
That's part of my message here
today is we need to
01:11:14.370 --> 01:11:15.454
stop this.
01:11:15.538 --> 01:11:17.373
We need to come together
and stand together.
01:11:40.021 --> 01:11:42.982
Diane Abel: Our grandfathers
signed the Treaty based on
01:11:43.065 --> 01:11:51.032
honour, and you know they
believe that they were doing
01:11:51.115 --> 01:11:56.495
the right thing for us, that
they are taking care of,
01:11:56.579 --> 01:11:58.414
you know,
the future generations.
01:11:58.497 --> 01:12:00.666
There is a lot of
faith and trust.
01:12:00.750 --> 01:12:05.171
And, you know, we kind of,
we keep holding on to that
01:12:05.254 --> 01:12:09.091
faith and trust that they're
going to do the right thing,
01:12:09.175 --> 01:12:13.804
but they keep
disappointing us.
01:12:13.888 --> 01:12:19.435
I feel like, I feel like it's
our last-- our last chance,
01:12:19.518 --> 01:12:24.440
really to fight for this.
01:12:24.940 --> 01:12:28.903
Like, you know, do our people
have to go really and stand
01:12:28.986 --> 01:12:32.156
in the water?
01:12:32.239 --> 01:12:34.575
Is it going to come to that?
01:12:34.659 --> 01:12:37.244
The I pray to God that
that doesn't happen,
01:12:37.328 --> 01:12:45.211
but I know that if it comes
to that, that's what we'll do.
01:12:45.294 --> 01:12:49.048
Maybe all of these
Chiefs will be there to.
01:12:53.219 --> 01:12:54.220
Chief Roland Willson:
The court case started last
01:12:54.303 --> 01:12:56.847
Monday, B.C. Hydro
is up right now,
01:12:56.931 --> 01:12:58.891
and I want to read to you
their opening comments.
01:12:58.974 --> 01:13:02.687
"First Nations have no rights
to what they are claiming.
01:13:02.770 --> 01:13:07.566
B.C. believes First Nations
have rights linked to hunting,
01:13:07.650 --> 01:13:09.235
fishing and trapping.
01:13:09.318 --> 01:13:12.780
No right to have
places they like,
01:13:12.863 --> 01:13:15.491
no rights to happiness,
and no rights to the river
01:13:15.574 --> 01:13:20.621
that supports things
they do elsewhere."
01:13:20.705 --> 01:13:23.666
This is their
opening statement.
01:13:23.749 --> 01:13:28.587
This is more than just
a fight about the river.
01:13:28.671 --> 01:13:31.924
This is a fight about Treaty.
01:13:32.007 --> 01:13:34.802
They can do this everywhere in
Canada if they get away
01:13:34.885 --> 01:13:36.011
with this right now.
01:13:36.095 --> 01:13:42.643
Now, I want to put my
pride aside for a sec.
01:13:44.854 --> 01:13:48.691
We need all the moral support
and all the prayers that
01:13:48.774 --> 01:13:53.487
everybody can give us, because
this is Prophet River and West
01:13:53.571 --> 01:13:57.450
Moberly First Nations,
there's a total of 700 of us
01:13:57.533 --> 01:14:02.329
between the two nations'
fight in Canada,
01:14:02.413 --> 01:14:05.791
B.C., and B.C. Hydro.
01:14:05.875 --> 01:14:11.630
But more and above prayers and
hopes and wishes,
01:14:11.714 --> 01:14:14.175
we need financial support.
01:14:14.258 --> 01:14:17.219
We are throwing everything
we can at this thing.
01:14:17.303 --> 01:14:19.680
We're already over a million
dollars into this thing.
01:14:19.764 --> 01:14:22.308
The more noise you
can make, the better.
01:14:22.391 --> 01:14:24.477
We have been saying that
there's 25 First Nations
01:14:24.560 --> 01:14:27.646
downstream of Site C
that are opposed to this thing
01:14:27.730 --> 01:14:29.356
and nobody's talking to them.
01:14:29.440 --> 01:14:33.152
So, make your
voices heard, guys.
01:14:39.033 --> 01:14:40.451
Man: Chief Isaac.
01:14:40.534 --> 01:14:42.745
Chief Isaac: Chief Isaac
with Woodland Cree,
01:14:42.828 --> 01:14:45.080
Woodland Cree also opposes
that project because we
01:14:45.164 --> 01:14:48.000
consider that river our
traditional territory too,
01:14:48.083 --> 01:14:53.672
so and also and that is to get
some movement from today
01:14:53.756 --> 01:14:56.509
is there a resolution or
something that we could
01:14:56.592 --> 01:14:59.678
sign off on or are we going
to make a motion?
01:15:02.056 --> 01:15:04.058
My nation is is
ready to support that.
01:15:06.185 --> 01:15:07.520
Man: They're trying to take
away our Treaty rights,
01:15:07.603 --> 01:15:10.231
and if that doesn't make
everybody here
01:15:10.314 --> 01:15:11.106
politically motivated
01:15:11.190 --> 01:15:13.067
you should check your pulse.
01:15:13.776 --> 01:15:15.361
Gary Kipling: We went out to
Fort St. John to visit
01:15:15.444 --> 01:15:16.862
with B.C. Hydro.
01:15:16.946 --> 01:15:18.405
We're against it.
01:15:18.489 --> 01:15:25.204
They came back and told us
that Beaver First Nation
01:15:25.287 --> 01:15:30.042
But what had happened was that
a few nations had accepted
01:15:30.125 --> 01:15:33.963
that deal of $500,000.
01:15:34.046 --> 01:15:35.381
You know, we're not
too far from it.
01:15:35.464 --> 01:15:39.802
We use the river heavily.
01:15:41.303 --> 01:15:43.806
So how is it that they could
turn to me and say that
01:15:43.889 --> 01:15:47.601
we shouldn't be
consulted with,
01:15:47.685 --> 01:15:51.814
but yet give our neighbors
$500,000?
01:15:51.897 --> 01:15:53.190
There's some things said here
today that really
01:15:53.274 --> 01:15:54.441
opened my eyes.
01:15:54.525 --> 01:15:57.444
You know, here we are talking
about looking for a way
01:15:57.528 --> 01:15:58.737
to be unified.
01:15:58.821 --> 01:16:02.783
We're being pushed aside
in our own territories.
01:16:02.867 --> 01:16:05.452
You know, there's so many
stands that we could have as a
01:16:05.536 --> 01:16:08.455
unified group that it
wouldn't even be hard for us
01:16:08.539 --> 01:16:09.999
to do it.
01:16:10.082 --> 01:16:13.878
I think something happened in
the last 20-30 years where
01:16:13.961 --> 01:16:22.219
we've been muffled,
we've been domesticated,
01:16:22.303 --> 01:16:27.099
and that's gotta change.
01:16:27.182 --> 01:16:28.893
You know, enough is enough.
01:16:30.060 --> 01:16:31.437
So, thank you very much.
01:16:34.106 --> 01:16:36.692
Man: Steve Courtoreille,
North Beach Tribal Council.
01:16:36.775 --> 01:16:38.903
Steve Courtoreille: I wanted
to speak about my community
01:16:38.986 --> 01:16:41.697
of Fort Chipewyan.
01:16:41.780 --> 01:16:45.075
When Bennett Dam was built,
we didn't feel the effects
01:16:45.159 --> 01:16:47.620
until about the early '70s.
01:16:47.703 --> 01:16:55.461
Real heavy impacts of water
shortage in the delta.
01:16:55.544 --> 01:17:00.716
And back then the muskrat
population started to
01:17:00.799 --> 01:17:04.136
decline and people
said, oh, it's just a cycle.
01:17:04.219 --> 01:17:08.224
After all these years, that
cycle is still going on.
01:17:08.307 --> 01:17:12.686
There's no, or little
muskrat in our in our delta.
01:17:12.770 --> 01:17:15.981
For 25 years, B.C. Hydro
01:17:16.065 --> 01:17:21.820
denied it was
their fault.
01:17:21.904 --> 01:17:26.408
Today, we don't
drink that water.
01:17:26.492 --> 01:17:28.827
We don't eat that fish.
01:17:28.911 --> 01:17:34.083
And used to be the migration
of the caribou into
01:17:34.166 --> 01:17:36.043
the late '50s.
01:17:36.126 --> 01:17:40.130
So, there's heavy impacts
in our traditional lands.
01:17:40.214 --> 01:17:46.095
Site C dam if it
ever gets built,
01:17:46.178 --> 01:17:50.182
our people will have to move.
01:17:50.599 --> 01:17:51.934
How we're gonna
protect our lands?
01:17:54.728 --> 01:17:58.774
How are we gonna to find ways
to protect the future and have
01:17:58.857 --> 01:18:01.944
something for the future?
01:18:02.444 --> 01:18:07.491
Why are we afraid to stand
up and protect what's
01:18:07.574 --> 01:18:10.202
rightfully ours?
01:18:18.961 --> 01:18:21.046
When our forefathers
signed a Treaty,
01:18:21.130 --> 01:18:26.969
they did not sign a Treaty for
us to be poor in our lands.
01:18:27.052 --> 01:18:28.637
The Elders are waiting.
01:18:30.889 --> 01:18:34.184
The women, the leadership
are standing up.
01:18:35.728 --> 01:18:37.313
We have everything
that we need.
01:18:38.605 --> 01:18:40.941
If we can do this here, just
imagine what we could do
01:18:41.025 --> 01:18:42.568
on our own.
01:18:42.651 --> 01:18:43.360
Thank you.
Distributor: Green Planet Films
Length: 83 minutes
Date: 2021
Genre: Expository
Language: English
Grade: 10-12, College, Adults
Color/BW:
Closed Captioning: Available
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