00:00:00.972 --> 00:00:03.555
(gentle music)

00:00:10.062 --> 00:00:13.479
(gentle music continues)

00:00:19.007 --> 00:00:22.424
(gentle music continues)

00:00:27.989 --> 00:00:31.406
(gentle music continues)

00:00:37.021 --> 00:00:39.636
(gentle music continues)

00:00:54.990 --> 00:00:58.290
- [Narrator] The world of
energy is a fascinating one.

00:00:58.290 --> 00:01:00.120
Perhaps because people are capable

00:01:00.120 --> 00:01:03.120
of the worst in order to get into it.

00:01:03.120 --> 00:01:06.933
Who gets hold of energy,
gets hold of power?

00:01:07.830 --> 00:01:12.330
In today's world, Russia is
the largest gas producer.

00:01:12.330 --> 00:01:16.650
Yamal contains 80% of Russia's reserves.

00:01:16.650 --> 00:01:20.607
And at this gas safe deposit
box, I met the Nenets.

00:01:20.607 --> 00:01:23.357
(earth rumbling)

00:01:28.898 --> 00:01:30.440
(earth rumbling continues)

00:01:30.440 --> 00:01:33.440
(reindeer grunting)

00:01:57.271 --> 00:02:00.271
(reindeer grunting)

00:02:02.804 --> 00:02:07.304
- [Narrator] Will the Nenet
survive gas development?

00:02:14.760 --> 00:02:16.293
Will their way of life suffer?

00:02:17.850 --> 00:02:20.133
What's the impact on their environment?

00:02:26.982 --> 00:02:30.399
(gentle music continues)

00:02:31.680 --> 00:02:34.050
In Yamal, the Nenets perpetuate

00:02:34.050 --> 00:02:35.910
from generation to generation

00:02:35.910 --> 00:02:38.193
the longest transhumans
route in the world.

00:02:40.350 --> 00:02:42.270
Scattered in some 50 brigades,

00:02:42.270 --> 00:02:44.640
called so since the Soviet era,

00:02:44.640 --> 00:02:47.580
the Nenets live entirely
off their livestock,

00:02:47.580 --> 00:02:49.323
reindeer meat and skins.

00:02:54.900 --> 00:02:57.930
In the tundra, I followed two brigades,

00:02:57.930 --> 00:03:00.093
number one and number four.

00:03:11.790 --> 00:03:14.190
- [Narrator] The Nenets
search together for the rare

00:03:14.190 --> 00:03:15.940
and fragile feed for the reindeers.

00:03:37.270 --> 00:03:38.790
- [Narrator] Vassily Serotetto

00:03:38.790 --> 00:03:41.133
is the patriarch of brigade number one.

00:03:42.090 --> 00:03:44.820
He guides his herd of over 2,000 reindeer

00:03:44.820 --> 00:03:46.574
during a heroic journey.

00:03:46.574 --> 00:03:49.324
(child babbling)

00:03:53.824 --> 00:03:56.741
(reindeer barking)

00:04:09.040 --> 00:04:12.457
(gentle music continues)

00:04:18.018 --> 00:04:21.270
(gentle music continues)

00:04:21.270 --> 00:04:23.100
- [Narrator] In the Nenet's language,

00:04:23.100 --> 00:04:25.503
Yamal means the end of the world.

00:04:26.580 --> 00:04:28.890
The Siberian Peninsula located north

00:04:28.890 --> 00:04:32.193
of the Arctic Circle
is 700 kilometers long,

00:04:33.120 --> 00:04:35.013
a quarter of the surface of France.

00:04:36.750 --> 00:04:40.020
From spring onwards, the
Nenets lead their herds

00:04:40.020 --> 00:04:43.230
to the north on the
shores of the Kara Sea.

00:04:43.230 --> 00:04:44.880
They search for the fresh air

00:04:44.880 --> 00:04:46.653
and rich pastures of the tundra.

00:04:52.290 --> 00:04:56.130
In winter, they head south
through the frozen Ob,

00:04:56.130 --> 00:04:58.293
one of the largest Russian rivers.

00:05:00.630 --> 00:05:04.263
They leave the tundra for
the taiga, the boreal forest.

00:05:51.053 --> 00:05:53.970
(reindeer barking)

00:05:58.524 --> 00:06:01.441
(reindeer barking)

00:06:03.171 --> 00:06:05.700
- [Narrator] It all started 50 years ago,

00:06:05.700 --> 00:06:08.370
when Soviet geologists made a discovery

00:06:08.370 --> 00:06:11.341
that would change the lives of the Nenets.

00:06:41.802 --> 00:06:44.302
(tense music)

00:07:42.133 --> 00:07:45.600
- [Narrator] Nothing discourages
the Russian authorities.

00:07:45.600 --> 00:07:48.900
Neither the complexity of gas exploitation

00:07:48.900 --> 00:07:51.993
nor the extreme climate
conditions of Yamal.

00:07:56.040 --> 00:07:57.993
Industrialization can start.

00:08:05.181 --> 00:08:08.514
(tense music continues)

00:08:14.151 --> 00:08:17.484
(tense music continues)

00:08:23.101 --> 00:08:27.180
(tense music continues)

00:08:27.180 --> 00:08:29.190
For generations, brigade number four

00:08:29.190 --> 00:08:31.560
passed through the Bovanenkovo area,

00:08:31.560 --> 00:08:36.063
now the dominion of Gazprom,
the heart of gas exploitation.

00:08:39.690 --> 00:08:41.460
Over the years, Myangche Khudi

00:08:41.460 --> 00:08:43.773
has seen the tundra change dramatically.

00:09:38.441 --> 00:09:43.441
- 50 years ago, it was
only the reindeer nomads

00:09:50.610 --> 00:09:52.650
who were using the land.

00:09:52.650 --> 00:09:55.860
Now it's the industry who
wants to use the land as well,

00:09:55.860 --> 00:09:57.570
and it's the infrastructure,

00:09:57.570 --> 00:10:01.620
and it's all sorts of people
who want to use the land.

00:10:01.620 --> 00:10:04.860
And the towns are growing,
and the industry needs

00:10:04.860 --> 00:10:07.530
settlements for their
fly in, fly out workers,

00:10:07.530 --> 00:10:09.243
and all of that is taking land.

00:10:10.410 --> 00:10:13.710
And that is a real pressure,

00:10:13.710 --> 00:10:15.060
and there's no way to invent

00:10:15.060 --> 00:10:16.563
these pastures somewhere else.

00:11:00.250 --> 00:11:05.250
- [Narrator] Alik
Serotetto, son of Vassily,

00:11:08.790 --> 00:11:11.160
is one of the few Nenets to have graduated

00:11:11.160 --> 00:11:13.803
with diplomas in law and economics.

00:11:15.307 --> 00:11:17.890
(gentle music)

00:11:24.057 --> 00:11:26.520
(gentle music continues)

00:11:26.520 --> 00:11:31.133
He lives in Yar-Sale, in a small
town in southeastern Yamal.

00:11:52.972 --> 00:11:57.972
(gentle music)

00:12:47.310 --> 00:12:49.020
- [Narrator] At what
price are the Russians

00:12:49.020 --> 00:12:51.900
laying their hands on the Arctic's wealth?

00:12:51.900 --> 00:12:54.300
What is the place of Alik and his family,

00:12:54.300 --> 00:12:56.467
faced with these strategic challenges?

00:12:56.467 --> 00:12:59.384
(traffic rumbling)

00:13:22.215 --> 00:13:25.465
- [Narrator] Every year, Russia organizes

00:13:30.180 --> 00:13:31.620
an international conference

00:13:31.620 --> 00:13:34.293
on the oil and gas
industry in St. Petersburg.

00:13:35.460 --> 00:13:37.440
The entire Russian state elite

00:13:37.440 --> 00:13:40.350
and apparatus have a single objective,

00:13:40.350 --> 00:13:43.103
to become the world's
leading energy power.

00:14:02.076 --> 00:14:04.576
(tense music)

00:14:11.955 --> 00:14:15.288
(tense music continues)

00:15:16.985 --> 00:15:19.720
(tense music continues)

00:15:19.720 --> 00:15:21.360
- [Narrator] Yamal is being transformed

00:15:21.360 --> 00:15:22.863
into a strategic region.

00:15:25.500 --> 00:15:29.133
Villages are changed into
cities such as Salekhard,

00:15:30.150 --> 00:15:32.703
or into dormitory towns like Bovanenkovo.

00:15:34.530 --> 00:15:36.243
Infrastructure is expanding.

00:15:39.510 --> 00:15:43.053
Gazprom is building the world's
most northerly railway line.

00:15:46.440 --> 00:15:48.570
Novatek, together with Total,

00:15:48.570 --> 00:15:52.653
build an industrial
exploitation site, Sabetta.

00:15:54.600 --> 00:15:57.870
They designed a harbor, and
an international airport

00:15:57.870 --> 00:16:00.512
with a direct connection to Moscow.

00:16:36.995 --> 00:16:41.995
(gentle music)

00:16:54.206 --> 00:16:56.100
- [Narrator] In the west,
the Russians have built

00:16:56.100 --> 00:16:59.943
pipeline networks to transport
gas over land into Europe.

00:17:02.850 --> 00:17:05.580
In the east, they open
a northeastern seaway,

00:17:05.580 --> 00:17:07.773
with Yamal as the point of departure.

00:17:09.030 --> 00:17:11.760
LNG tankers, filled with liquid gas,

00:17:11.760 --> 00:17:13.110
are leaving for the west.

00:17:13.110 --> 00:17:14.403
Others, towards Asia.

00:17:19.320 --> 00:17:21.810
However, from December to April,

00:17:21.810 --> 00:17:25.440
this sea route around the
Bering Strait is closed.

00:17:25.440 --> 00:17:28.447
It is covered by more than
three meters of thick ice.

00:17:33.321 --> 00:17:35.045
(tense music)

00:17:35.045 --> 00:17:37.712
(ice crumbling)

00:17:41.614 --> 00:17:44.197
(wind howling)

00:17:50.209 --> 00:17:52.709
(tense music)

00:17:55.872 --> 00:17:58.539
(ice crumbling)

00:18:02.315 --> 00:18:07.148
(ice crumbling continues)

00:18:31.607 --> 00:18:36.607
(ice crumbling continues)

00:18:44.207 --> 00:18:49.040
- [Narrator] The Northeastern
sea route is becoming

00:18:55.500 --> 00:18:58.353
the backbone of Russia's Arctic strategy.

00:19:00.630 --> 00:19:03.720
Nuclear icebreakers crisscross the ocean

00:19:03.720 --> 00:19:06.570
to facilitate the 6,000 kilometer stretch

00:19:06.570 --> 00:19:08.283
along the Siberian coast.

00:19:10.950 --> 00:19:13.860
Moscow's mission is to secure its control

00:19:13.860 --> 00:19:16.173
over the Arctic's raw materials.

00:19:18.867 --> 00:19:20.550
- [Narrator] Vassily has only one concern,

00:19:22.920 --> 00:19:25.860
the survival of his herd
and his way of life.

00:19:27.043 --> 00:19:29.626
(wind howling)

00:20:23.665 --> 00:20:26.748
(snowmobile buzzing)

00:20:29.024 --> 00:20:31.857
(herders yelling)

00:20:35.459 --> 00:20:38.376
(reindeer barking)

00:21:01.105 --> 00:21:06.105
(snowmobile buzzing)
(reindeer barking)

00:21:08.499 --> 00:21:11.082
(gentle music)

00:21:17.402 --> 00:21:20.235
(herders yelling)

00:21:26.969 --> 00:21:30.800
(gentle music continues)

00:22:08.356 --> 00:22:10.711
(wind howling)

00:23:01.704 --> 00:23:06.704
(ice crumbling)

00:23:16.170 --> 00:23:18.270
- [Narrator] A major
challenge for icebreakers

00:23:18.270 --> 00:23:22.623
is to open the seaways to tankers
filled with liquified gas.

00:23:25.020 --> 00:23:27.240
They leave from the tip of the Ob River

00:23:27.240 --> 00:23:32.240
to reach Asia in 15 days instead
of 30 via the Suez Canal.

00:23:33.171 --> 00:23:35.838
(ice crumbling)

00:23:42.332 --> 00:23:44.113
(ice crumbling continues)

00:23:44.113 --> 00:23:46.320
The Arctic is no longer a sanctuary

00:23:46.320 --> 00:23:48.360
and is being transformed into some

00:23:48.360 --> 00:23:52.567
5,500 kilometers long maritime highway.

00:23:52.567 --> 00:23:56.984
- We need to use some new
tactics of ice navigation,

00:24:04.380 --> 00:24:06.702
new type of work, you know?

00:24:06.702 --> 00:24:09.202
(tense music)

00:24:16.582 --> 00:24:19.915
(tense music continues)

00:24:21.539 --> 00:24:23.872
We have some experience with

00:24:24.900 --> 00:24:27.870
icebreaker assistance with small ships.

00:24:27.870 --> 00:24:30.720
We know how to lead them, we
know how to tell them, yes,

00:24:30.720 --> 00:24:33.390
but with such new type, we don't know.

00:24:33.390 --> 00:24:35.760
We don't have such experience.

00:24:35.760 --> 00:24:40.443
And this is the most
problem maybe nowadays.

00:24:44.599 --> 00:24:47.182
(ice cracking)

00:24:49.440 --> 00:24:52.830
Usually we can break about

00:24:52.830 --> 00:24:55.710
one and a half meters,
sometimes two meters.

00:24:55.710 --> 00:24:58.083
We can go through this ice, yes.

00:25:01.155 --> 00:25:05.633
- [Diana] Our main purpose
is to lead the ship,

00:25:08.490 --> 00:25:09.873
yes, as an icebreaker.

00:25:15.660 --> 00:25:19.290
So we're going very close to the ship,

00:25:19.290 --> 00:25:21.750
and we break the ice near the ship,

00:25:21.750 --> 00:25:24.825
and that can help to start move.

00:25:24.825 --> 00:25:27.408
(ice cracking)

00:25:34.511 --> 00:25:37.428
(icebreaker thuds)

00:25:42.270 --> 00:25:45.207
The main problem, that we
can go through the ice,

00:25:45.207 --> 00:25:49.473
but the question is, if our ship could,

00:25:49.473 --> 00:25:52.293
that ship that we are
leading sometimes can't.

00:25:54.900 --> 00:25:56.670
And if we can go through the ice

00:25:56.670 --> 00:25:59.520
but the ship which we are lead can't,

00:25:59.520 --> 00:26:02.007
main purpose is not completed.

00:26:35.622 --> 00:26:38.205
(gentle music)

00:28:28.043 --> 00:28:30.626
(ice cracking)

00:28:36.166 --> 00:28:37.910
(ice cracking continues)

00:28:37.910 --> 00:28:41.073
- [Narrator] In the Gulf of
the Ob, the crossing is narrow.

00:28:43.200 --> 00:28:45.753
The icebreakers are
patrolling all the time.

00:28:48.000 --> 00:28:50.490
It is essential to avoid the LNG tankers

00:28:50.490 --> 00:28:52.173
from getting stuck in the ice.

00:29:06.906 --> 00:29:09.489
(ice cracking)

00:29:14.914 --> 00:29:17.571
(ice cracking continues)

00:30:09.447 --> 00:30:11.847
(ice cracking)

00:30:21.431 --> 00:30:24.720
(ice cracking continues)

00:30:59.602 --> 00:31:02.602
(atmospheric music)

00:31:09.535 --> 00:31:13.368
(atmospheric music continues)

00:31:18.133 --> 00:31:19.847
(atmospheric music continues)

00:31:38.448 --> 00:31:43.448
(gentle music)

00:31:55.084 --> 00:31:58.501
(gentle music continues)

00:32:04.056 --> 00:32:07.473
(gentle music continues)

00:32:13.717 --> 00:32:17.134
(gentle music continues)

00:32:23.186 --> 00:32:26.603
(gentle music continues)

00:32:32.340 --> 00:32:35.280
- Their way of dealing
with the advancement

00:32:35.280 --> 00:32:39.600
of the gas industry is not
taking a total opposition

00:32:39.600 --> 00:32:41.580
and saying, "We are going
to defend our land against

00:32:41.580 --> 00:32:46.440
the gas industry," because it
can only happen in conflict.

00:32:46.440 --> 00:32:48.840
They try to find ways in which

00:32:48.840 --> 00:32:51.750
they can continue their own lifestyle

00:32:51.750 --> 00:32:54.747
in spite of having the gas
industry on their land.

00:32:54.747 --> 00:32:57.810
(reindeer barking)

00:32:57.810 --> 00:32:59.370
And if Moscow says that

00:32:59.370 --> 00:33:01.890
that deposit is going to be developed,

00:33:01.890 --> 00:33:03.120
these people are not stupid,

00:33:03.120 --> 00:33:04.710
they know that if Moscow says it,

00:33:04.710 --> 00:33:06.310
it will be developed, full stop.

00:33:12.120 --> 00:33:13.860
This industry is too big a thing.

00:33:13.860 --> 00:33:16.380
The Nenets wouldn't be able
to resist it completely.

00:33:16.380 --> 00:33:18.000
They wouldn't be able to veto it,

00:33:18.000 --> 00:33:20.300
because they don't have
the rights to do that.

00:33:25.500 --> 00:33:26.527
There's no way they can say,

00:33:26.527 --> 00:33:30.270
"Oh, we don't want the Bovanenkovo
deposit to be extracted.

00:33:30.270 --> 00:33:33.030
They can have something to
say about smaller issues,

00:33:33.030 --> 00:33:35.820
and I think this dedication
to the smaller issues

00:33:35.820 --> 00:33:39.180
is what rescued a lot of the lifestyle

00:33:39.180 --> 00:33:40.823
that we can still see today.

00:33:48.033 --> 00:33:51.450
(gentle music continues)

00:33:57.056 --> 00:34:00.212
(gentle music continues)

00:34:00.212 --> 00:34:03.295
(snowmobile buzzing)

00:34:09.877 --> 00:34:13.794
(snowmobile buzzing continues)

00:34:14.969 --> 00:34:19.552
(wind howling)

00:36:26.158 --> 00:36:28.741
(gentle music)

00:38:25.557 --> 00:38:28.974
(gentle music continues)

00:38:35.024 --> 00:38:38.441
(gentle music continues)

00:38:43.897 --> 00:38:45.540
(gentle music continues)

00:38:45.540 --> 00:38:47.880
- Most of the hydrocarbons
that are in the Arctic

00:38:47.880 --> 00:38:50.550
are located on the Russian side.

00:38:50.550 --> 00:38:52.020
And those will be developed.

00:38:52.020 --> 00:38:54.060
That's what's driving our
current climate problem,

00:38:54.060 --> 00:38:57.060
and so it's kind of
ironic that, obviously,

00:38:57.060 --> 00:39:00.270
as the Arctic opens up and
you can now start drilling

00:39:00.270 --> 00:39:02.880
and extracting more resources,
such as oil and gas,

00:39:02.880 --> 00:39:05.640
then that's just gonna further amplify

00:39:05.640 --> 00:39:07.840
the climate change that
we're going through.

00:39:15.088 --> 00:39:18.505
(gentle music continues)

00:39:57.222 --> 00:39:59.805
(gentle music)

00:40:06.120 --> 00:40:07.800
- You're warming the
Arctic up so much faster,

00:40:07.800 --> 00:40:10.110
and all the permafrost areas are thawing,

00:40:10.110 --> 00:40:12.240
and that's gonna affect
all the plant species

00:40:12.240 --> 00:40:14.853
as well as the animal species
in the Arctic as well.

00:40:15.840 --> 00:40:18.480
The ice is melting faster. The
permafrost is thawing faster.

00:40:18.480 --> 00:40:20.480
I mean, all of these are interconnected.

00:40:26.610 --> 00:40:28.740
It's just that there are
traditional indicators

00:40:28.740 --> 00:40:31.200
of how they understand the climate system,

00:40:31.200 --> 00:40:33.970
how they understand
storms and ice conditions

00:40:34.920 --> 00:40:37.440
and species migration,
all of that is changing

00:40:37.440 --> 00:40:38.730
as a result of climate change,

00:40:38.730 --> 00:40:41.100
'cause I think the pace
that we're seeing today

00:40:41.100 --> 00:40:42.630
in the changes that are
happening in the Arctic

00:40:42.630 --> 00:40:45.120
is so fast, much faster than anything

00:40:45.120 --> 00:40:47.070
that's happened in the historical past.

00:40:48.720 --> 00:40:51.210
So, that's why their traditional ways

00:40:51.210 --> 00:40:53.650
of knowledge aren't working anymore.

00:40:56.933 --> 00:41:01.516
(gentle music continues)

00:41:15.046 --> 00:41:18.463
(gentle music continues)

00:41:24.046 --> 00:41:27.463
(gentle music continues)

00:41:33.909 --> 00:41:36.961
(gentle music continues)

00:41:36.961 --> 00:41:39.544
(wind howling)

00:41:43.820 --> 00:41:46.737
(reindeer barking)

00:42:50.187 --> 00:42:52.770
(wind howling)

00:42:58.599 --> 00:43:00.180
(wind howling continues)

00:43:00.180 --> 00:43:02.430
- [Florian] You know
the story of his father?

00:43:03.330 --> 00:43:04.413
It's a difficult one.

00:43:06.060 --> 00:43:09.960
He committed suicide after
an oil and gas consultation

00:43:09.960 --> 00:43:13.343
with the company Amoco back in the 1990s.

00:43:19.710 --> 00:43:21.880
After this, yeah, he thought

00:43:25.051 --> 00:43:27.070
that that would be the end of the life

00:43:29.520 --> 00:43:32.340
for that group of reindeer nomads.

00:43:32.340 --> 00:43:33.690
And he couldn't stand that.

00:43:35.868 --> 00:43:37.950
(reindeer barking)

00:43:37.950 --> 00:43:41.790
It's really, really nice,
also, for his legacy to see

00:43:41.790 --> 00:43:44.430
that his son and his grandchildren

00:43:44.430 --> 00:43:46.200
are still moving on the same land.

00:43:50.883 --> 00:43:54.050
(gas flares rumbling)

00:44:00.444 --> 00:44:04.444
(gas flares rumbling continues)

00:44:10.015 --> 00:44:14.515
(gas flares rumbling continues)

00:44:26.404 --> 00:44:30.904
(gas flare rumbling)

00:45:00.525 --> 00:45:05.525
(gentle music)

00:45:16.440 --> 00:45:19.350
- [Narrator] In Yamal,
as industrial sites grow,

00:45:19.350 --> 00:45:22.520
pasture space is being
drastically reduced.

00:45:28.080 --> 00:45:31.497
(gentle music continues)

00:45:37.941 --> 00:45:41.358
(gentle music continues)

00:45:44.029 --> 00:45:47.734
(herder whistling)

00:45:47.734 --> 00:45:50.651
(reindeer barking)

00:46:29.039 --> 00:46:31.622
(wind howling)

00:46:47.583 --> 00:46:50.166
(wind howling)

00:46:57.466 --> 00:47:01.121
(wind howling continues)

00:47:56.531 --> 00:48:01.531
(gentle music)

00:49:04.069 --> 00:49:07.486
(gentle music continues)

00:49:12.759 --> 00:49:14.480
(gentle music continues)

00:49:14.480 --> 00:49:17.460
- [Narrator] In the winter of 2014,

00:49:17.460 --> 00:49:19.140
more than a quarter of the reindeer

00:49:19.140 --> 00:49:21.177
died in the Yamal Peninsula.

00:49:28.254 --> 00:49:31.671
(gentle music continues)

00:49:38.100 --> 00:49:41.517
(gentle music continues)

00:49:47.279 --> 00:49:49.719
(gentle music continues)

00:51:38.366 --> 00:51:40.949
(gentle music)

00:51:48.071 --> 00:51:51.488
(gentle music continues)

00:53:02.419 --> 00:53:05.586
(reindeer grunting)

00:53:30.576 --> 00:53:35.576
(rope whooshing)

00:53:46.320 --> 00:53:48.770
- [Narrator] The future
of the number one brigade

00:53:49.620 --> 00:53:53.513
lies on the shoulders of
the younger generation.

00:54:35.625 --> 00:54:38.625
(reindeer trotting)

00:54:58.225 --> 00:55:03.225
(gentle music)

00:55:05.922 --> 00:55:10.339
(gentle music continues)

00:55:21.206 --> 00:55:25.623
(gentle music continues)

00:55:34.720 --> 00:55:39.137
(gentle music continues)

00:55:45.346 --> 00:55:49.763
(gentle music continues)

00:57:35.798 --> 00:57:40.798
- [Narrator] In the tundra,

00:57:42.630 --> 00:57:44.643
children leave the camp for nine months.

00:57:46.860 --> 00:57:49.420
This is the last summer morning.

00:58:31.273 --> 00:58:33.732
(dog barking)

00:58:42.497 --> 00:58:45.164
(wind rustling)

00:58:48.486 --> 00:58:51.453
(helicopter buzzing)

00:58:51.453 --> 00:58:54.120
(child yelling)

00:59:00.288 --> 00:59:04.205
(helicopter buzzing continues)

00:59:09.318 --> 00:59:13.235
(helicopter buzzing continues)

00:59:36.040 --> 00:59:39.957
(helicopter buzzing continues)

00:59:45.069 --> 00:59:48.986
(helicopter buzzing continues)

00:59:54.081 --> 00:59:57.998
(helicopter buzzing continues)

01:00:03.059 --> 01:00:06.976
(helicopter buzzing continues)

01:00:12.027 --> 01:00:15.944
(helicopter buzzing continues)

01:00:21.005 --> 01:00:24.922
(helicopter buzzing continues)

01:00:30.063 --> 01:00:33.980
(helicopter buzzing continues)

01:00:39.087 --> 01:00:43.004
(helicopter buzzing continues)

01:00:48.075 --> 01:00:51.992
(helicopter buzzing continues)

01:00:57.025 --> 01:01:00.942
(helicopter buzzing continues)

01:01:06.589 --> 01:01:09.172
(gentle music)

01:01:16.000 --> 01:01:19.417
(gentle music continues)

01:01:25.522 --> 01:01:28.939
(gentle music continues)

01:01:48.838 --> 01:01:53.838
(gentle music continues)

01:02:23.320 --> 01:02:26.737
(gentle music continues)

01:02:50.413 --> 01:02:55.413
(children giggling)

01:03:19.737 --> 01:03:24.570
(attendees applauding)

01:03:51.032 --> 01:03:56.032
(gentle music)

01:04:10.111 --> 01:04:13.528
(gentle music continues)

01:04:19.276 --> 01:04:22.693
(gentle music continues)

01:04:29.071 --> 01:04:32.488
(gentle music continues)

01:05:12.160 --> 01:05:14.910
(fire crackling)

01:05:53.426 --> 01:05:58.332
(gentle music)

01:06:07.203 --> 01:06:10.620
(gentle music continues)

01:06:16.579 --> 01:06:19.996
(gentle music continues)

01:06:26.481 --> 01:06:29.898
(gentle music continues)

01:07:23.439 --> 01:07:26.022
(all laughing)

01:07:28.981 --> 01:07:33.814
(student giggles)

01:07:41.864 --> 01:07:43.706
(camera clicks)

01:08:13.022 --> 01:08:18.022
(Aleksandra speaking in

01:09:00.119 --> 01:09:05.119
(gentle music)

01:09:32.174 --> 01:09:35.304
(gentle music continues)

01:09:35.304 --> 01:09:39.637
(gentle music continues)

01:09:53.795 --> 01:09:57.760
(gentle music continues)

01:09:57.760 --> 01:10:02.093
(gentle music continues)

01:10:31.725 --> 01:10:36.725
(gentle music continues)

01:10:49.916 --> 01:10:53.333
(gentle music continues)

01:10:59.010 --> 01:11:02.427
(gentle music continues)

01:11:48.872 --> 01:11:52.122
(gentle music)

01:12:00.560 --> 01:12:02.010
- [Narrator] Like Vassily,

01:12:02.010 --> 01:12:04.350
I don't know what tomorrow will bring.

01:12:04.350 --> 01:12:08.613
Facing both climate change
and crazy gas extraction,

01:12:09.690 --> 01:12:12.513
the Nenets will have to
rely on their strengths,

01:12:13.500 --> 01:12:14.800
their knowledge of nature,

01:12:15.690 --> 01:12:18.990
and their capacity for
resilience to survive,

01:12:18.990 --> 01:12:22.110
as the backbone of which
is the transhumans route

01:12:22.110 --> 01:12:24.823
that they have walked for generations.

01:12:44.083 --> 01:12:49.083
(gentle music continues)

01:13:02.765 --> 01:13:06.182
(gentle music continues)

01:13:11.024 --> 01:13:14.441
(gentle music continues)

01:13:20.065 --> 01:13:23.482
(gentle music continues)

01:13:29.006 --> 01:13:32.423
(gentle music continues)

01:13:37.985 --> 01:13:41.402
(gentle music continues)

01:13:47.107 --> 01:13:50.524
(gentle music continues)

01:13:56.059 --> 01:13:59.476
(gentle music continues)