00:00:03.957 --> 00:00:06.792
- [Olisarali] My people
live in a very remote area.

00:00:09.443 --> 00:00:12.364
We are always at war with our neighbors

00:00:13.535 --> 00:00:16.692
because less and less
land is available to us.

00:00:17.173 --> 00:00:18.769
(gunshot)

00:00:18.769 --> 00:00:20.674
(men singing)

00:00:20.674 --> 00:00:23.441
The outside world is closing in,

00:00:23.441 --> 00:00:26.453
and Kalashnikovs cannot really help us.

00:00:27.476 --> 00:00:29.661
But I've found a new weapon,

00:00:29.661 --> 00:00:32.389
and I want to give my people a voice.

00:00:33.376 --> 00:00:37.523
I've found the camera more
popular than Kalashnikov.

00:00:38.060 --> 00:00:40.261
The camera we can shoot something,

00:00:40.261 --> 00:00:44.109
and camera bullets go all over the world.

00:00:50.774 --> 00:00:54.276
(traditional singing)

00:01:14.894 --> 00:01:17.229
My name is Olisarali.

00:01:17.229 --> 00:01:18.885
Olisarali Olibui.

00:01:18.885 --> 00:01:22.268
This is Milisha, my half brother.

00:01:24.862 --> 00:01:27.949
I've filmed many films about Mursi culture

00:01:27.949 --> 00:01:30.245
and their neighboring tribes,

00:01:30.245 --> 00:01:33.253
and I showed my people
and they really love it.

00:01:34.419 --> 00:01:38.220
Girls, women, and men, and all the people.

00:01:38.220 --> 00:01:40.723
They love it very much.

00:01:42.310 --> 00:01:44.690
I haven't been to school.

00:01:44.690 --> 00:01:49.690
But in 2000 I went to
Australia to learn English.

00:01:52.054 --> 00:01:55.254
And when I come back I
taught Milisha English,

00:01:55.254 --> 00:01:57.649
and he's a good student.

00:01:57.649 --> 00:02:00.705
He speaks very well. Better than me.

00:02:11.662 --> 00:02:15.474
- Oli, he's the first
Mursi using a camera,

00:02:15.474 --> 00:02:18.308
and we proud.

00:02:19.584 --> 00:02:23.098
He's my brother and I
am always helping him.

00:02:23.784 --> 00:02:27.362
(singing, shouting, horns blowing)

00:02:27.362 --> 00:02:29.563
Oli and me, we make a film

00:02:29.563 --> 00:02:33.466
to show something about
our culture in the future.

00:02:33.466 --> 00:02:36.772
Maybe the culture will disappear.

00:02:37.043 --> 00:02:41.286
(bells ringing, crowd shouting)

00:02:47.685 --> 00:02:50.693
(clapping, whistling)

00:02:50.693 --> 00:02:54.997
(singing)

00:03:03.101 --> 00:03:05.959
And we want to make a
film interesting now,

00:03:05.959 --> 00:03:09.518
and we want to keep a history about us.

00:03:09.518 --> 00:03:13.070
A last generation.

00:03:13.070 --> 00:03:16.788
And we want to eventually
our children can see.

00:03:19.235 --> 00:03:21.855
(rhythmic singing)

00:03:21.855 --> 00:03:24.727
- [Oli] The Omo Valley,
in southwest Ethiopia,

00:03:24.727 --> 00:03:27.288
is home to about 15 different tribes.

00:03:29.711 --> 00:03:33.246
And each has its own language and customs.

00:03:35.494 --> 00:03:38.645
There are less than 9,000 Mursi.

00:03:39.481 --> 00:03:41.799
We have kept our culture.

00:03:42.326 --> 00:03:44.625
But now, that under threat.

00:03:44.625 --> 00:03:47.571
Because pressure for land is increasing.

00:03:48.225 --> 00:03:50.435
This is a map of Africa,

00:03:50.435 --> 00:03:53.693
and Mursi people live just down here.

00:03:57.393 --> 00:04:00.164
(water rushing)

00:04:00.164 --> 00:04:02.523
We are a very small group.

00:04:02.523 --> 00:04:05.257
And we're surrounded by our enemies.

00:04:08.237 --> 00:04:10.047
If you don't have a gun,

00:04:10.047 --> 00:04:13.690
enemy will come into your house,

00:04:13.690 --> 00:04:15.933
and will kill you all.

00:04:16.516 --> 00:04:18.668
(gunshots)

00:04:19.522 --> 00:04:23.948
(women singing)

00:04:26.800 --> 00:04:30.413
We don't have any electricity,

00:04:30.413 --> 00:04:32.687
we don't have car.

00:04:38.593 --> 00:04:40.953
We pick our own wild coffee.

00:04:42.800 --> 00:04:46.424
And make stones for
grinding sorghum and corn.

00:04:52.873 --> 00:04:55.549
The Mursi people love their cattle.

00:04:56.635 --> 00:05:00.074
And they don't like to stay in one place.

00:05:01.251 --> 00:05:04.427
When they stay in one
place, grass will run out,

00:05:04.427 --> 00:05:06.830
and cattle will die.

00:05:06.830 --> 00:05:09.808
(cows mooing)

00:05:15.328 --> 00:05:17.590
We drink milk and blood,

00:05:17.590 --> 00:05:20.655
which we take from our cattle.

00:05:27.336 --> 00:05:30.076
Also we have our cultivating.

00:05:31.706 --> 00:05:34.627
We cultivate for one year or two years,

00:05:34.627 --> 00:05:36.727
and move to other place.

00:05:40.132 --> 00:05:41.897
We are nomadic.

00:05:41.897 --> 00:05:44.410
In dry season, we go into the area

00:05:44.410 --> 00:05:46.311
that has lots of water.

00:05:46.311 --> 00:05:48.745
In rainy season, we move where it has

00:05:48.745 --> 00:05:51.791
best grassland and waterfalls.

00:05:52.679 --> 00:05:56.566
We hunt, and the womens and girls

00:05:56.566 --> 00:05:58.828
they collect wild leaves.

00:05:58.828 --> 00:06:00.883
Cook and eat with porridge.

00:06:03.620 --> 00:06:05.539
And it's very nice.

00:06:05.539 --> 00:06:07.720
The Mursi food.

00:06:08.720 --> 00:06:12.968
(little girls singing)

00:06:17.200 --> 00:06:20.003
My brother, Milisha, is living close by.

00:06:20.848 --> 00:06:24.930
- I never been to school,
but I can speak the English.

00:06:24.930 --> 00:06:27.466
I learn it myself.

00:06:29.421 --> 00:06:31.516
This is my village.

00:06:31.516 --> 00:06:33.287
(singing, drumming)

00:06:33.287 --> 00:06:36.000
I live in this house for only one year.

00:06:36.000 --> 00:06:40.374
And if I will move different places,

00:06:40.374 --> 00:06:43.170
I will going to build new one.

00:06:45.596 --> 00:06:47.707
Welcome to my house.

00:06:48.547 --> 00:06:52.141
I live in grass house and very nice.

00:06:54.061 --> 00:06:55.774
I married two years ago,

00:06:55.774 --> 00:06:58.065
but as we are only two people,

00:06:58.065 --> 00:07:00.404
but I don't has children yet.

00:07:00.404 --> 00:07:03.375
Only my wife and me in here.

00:07:06.147 --> 00:07:08.424
In the Mursi land, when you marry,

00:07:08.424 --> 00:07:10.108
very difficult.

00:07:10.108 --> 00:07:12.775
You must pay 38 cattle

00:07:12.775 --> 00:07:15.520
plus Kalashnikov.

00:07:16.421 --> 00:07:18.943
If the mans doesn't have cattle,

00:07:18.943 --> 00:07:21.334
he cannot marry, in this Mursi land.

00:07:21.334 --> 00:07:24.396
Some people going to
stealing somebody cattle.

00:07:24.396 --> 00:07:28.970
This mean they want to marry,
and it's start the war.

00:07:29.619 --> 00:07:32.977
But these things always
hard for the Mursi.

00:07:34.153 --> 00:07:39.105
(women singing)

00:07:50.632 --> 00:07:53.581
- The biggest tribe in
the area is the Aari.

00:07:54.225 --> 00:07:56.907
There are 20 Aari for one Mursi.

00:07:57.347 --> 00:07:59.840
And the Aari control local government.

00:08:04.827 --> 00:08:09.453
Seven years ago, we has a
large war with the Aari.

00:08:10.577 --> 00:08:13.057
They are farmer living East.

00:08:13.057 --> 00:08:16.307
So one Mursi lady went to market,

00:08:16.307 --> 00:08:19.454
and she buys things in the market,

00:08:19.454 --> 00:08:23.476
but this Aari person, he drinking alcohol,

00:08:23.476 --> 00:08:28.159
and he's killing her by spear.

00:08:29.877 --> 00:08:33.329
But 2,000 Mursi, they run into Aari and

00:08:33.329 --> 00:08:35.923
they killing 38 Aari,

00:08:35.923 --> 00:08:39.568
retaliation for this lady.

00:08:40.215 --> 00:08:44.693
(women singing)

00:08:57.104 --> 00:09:00.295
- Other tribes will come
to steal our cattle.

00:09:00.295 --> 00:09:04.576
We buy guns for protecting cattle.

00:09:06.102 --> 00:09:10.110
If you have a gun, you
will protect your children.

00:09:11.114 --> 00:09:13.801
Fire them off and they run away.

00:09:15.178 --> 00:09:17.474
That why Mursi need a gun.

00:09:17.474 --> 00:09:19.435
To have a gun.

00:09:29.886 --> 00:09:33.126
There has been peace with the Aari tribe.

00:09:34.282 --> 00:09:37.117
But now there is a big problem again.

00:09:38.827 --> 00:09:43.135
Three months ago, some Aari
farmer coming from north,

00:09:43.135 --> 00:09:45.543
go to bush to collect honey,

00:09:45.543 --> 00:09:47.995
but they disappearing in the bush.

00:09:52.412 --> 00:09:54.644
And Aari coming and say then

00:09:54.644 --> 00:09:57.282
"Who killed our people?"

00:09:58.050 --> 00:09:59.863
They control the government,

00:09:59.863 --> 00:10:02.228
and want to send in soldiers.

00:10:06.579 --> 00:10:09.444
But this is not our only problem.

00:10:11.571 --> 00:10:15.016
(machinery humming)

00:10:15.016 --> 00:10:19.517
(upbeat instrumental music)

00:10:19.517 --> 00:10:21.472
Everything is changing fast.

00:10:21.472 --> 00:10:23.946
Our land is getting smaller,

00:10:23.946 --> 00:10:26.605
and a new road is being built.

00:10:32.699 --> 00:10:35.284
I found out that the government hopes to

00:10:35.284 --> 00:10:38.026
attract one million tourists a year

00:10:38.026 --> 00:10:40.037
within a decade.

00:10:49.135 --> 00:10:51.608
Travel agents from Addis Ababa

00:10:51.608 --> 00:10:53.488
have started bringing them.

00:10:53.488 --> 00:10:56.411
But the Mursi received nothing.

00:11:17.211 --> 00:11:21.042
Most of Mursi land is completely
cut off from outside world.

00:11:21.729 --> 00:11:25.019
But there is one village
close to the new road.

00:11:25.867 --> 00:11:28.944
The Mursi call it "The Tourist Village".

00:11:33.225 --> 00:11:36.221
They coming to Mursi and take photograph.

00:11:45.514 --> 00:11:47.316
And when the tourists come,

00:11:47.316 --> 00:11:49.959
they give one Birr and two Birr.

00:11:49.959 --> 00:11:52.590
Which is no good.

00:11:52.590 --> 00:11:54.622
The Mursi are not happy

00:11:54.622 --> 00:11:56.523
by the tourists.

00:11:57.694 --> 00:12:00.540
This is the village that
most tourists visit.

00:12:01.408 --> 00:12:03.816
Some people just wait for them.

00:12:06.581 --> 00:12:09.654
They are trying to get a
little money for photographs.

00:13:50.230 --> 00:13:52.878
We asked some tourists what they thought.

00:13:53.506 --> 00:13:55.462
There are many rumors.

00:13:55.462 --> 00:13:58.137
Some people say the
Mursi are eating people.

00:13:58.610 --> 00:14:00.943
- Three years ago we stayed in Bapanunchi

00:14:00.943 --> 00:14:04.616
and the people there told us

00:14:04.616 --> 00:14:06.621
"They are eating people."

00:14:06.621 --> 00:14:08.875
It's absolutely wrong, this is history.

00:14:08.875 --> 00:14:10.898
(laughter)

00:14:10.898 --> 00:14:13.383
History of many years ago.

00:14:13.519 --> 00:14:16.822
- [Oli] How much Birr for
pay for photos by tourism?

00:14:16.822 --> 00:14:19.424
- Oh, you know, each person two Birr,

00:14:19.424 --> 00:14:22.070
but sometimes three, four, yeah.

00:14:23.577 --> 00:14:25.772
(honking)

00:14:25.772 --> 00:14:28.978
I would be more friendly without money.

00:14:30.731 --> 00:14:33.932
- Have you seen a change
in people's way of life?

00:14:33.932 --> 00:14:35.805
Before tourists and after tourists?

00:14:35.805 --> 00:14:38.812
- Yes, last week we interviewed
all the people, the Mursi.

00:14:38.812 --> 00:14:41.100
And they were saying,
"We don't like tourists".

00:14:41.100 --> 00:14:43.819
Now, the Mursi they
don't like white people.

00:14:43.819 --> 00:14:45.932
To come here.

00:14:45.932 --> 00:14:48.687
They come and steal their land.

00:14:49.662 --> 00:14:54.113
(women singing)
(drumming)

00:14:56.195 --> 00:14:58.728
Tourists are not coming and sit down

00:14:58.728 --> 00:15:00.734
and lawn-mow our culture.

00:15:00.734 --> 00:15:02.895
They just only come and see

00:15:02.895 --> 00:15:05.693
beautiful faces and painting decoration,

00:15:05.693 --> 00:15:08.078
and love it and take photograph and go,

00:15:09.016 --> 00:15:13.502
and they don't know the,
really about the culture,

00:15:13.502 --> 00:15:15.550
they don't know what the meaning.

00:15:16.426 --> 00:15:20.340
If they stay and just
talk, and play around,

00:15:20.340 --> 00:15:24.233
and they will learn more about
the Mursi culture and things.

00:15:31.039 --> 00:15:34.780
And people which live in the
tourist village become lazy.

00:15:34.780 --> 00:15:37.867
And some become the alcoholic.

00:15:38.324 --> 00:15:40.845
Because they have money and a drink,

00:15:40.845 --> 00:15:43.310
some people cannot go to work.

00:15:43.310 --> 00:15:46.401
Some people cannot go to
look after the cattle.

00:15:47.708 --> 00:15:49.624
This is not good.

00:15:49.625 --> 00:15:50.886
(children singing)

00:17:10.800 --> 00:17:14.696
- I have two houses
because I have two wives.

00:17:15.336 --> 00:17:17.803
My first wife is Awotigoloni,

00:17:17.803 --> 00:17:21.769
and she got a son, his name is Soloman.

00:17:22.823 --> 00:17:26.638
Second wife is Martana,
she just has a little boy.

00:17:26.638 --> 00:17:29.115
His name is Bardori.

00:17:30.018 --> 00:17:33.370
Many women in the Mursi
community wear lip plates

00:17:33.370 --> 00:17:36.120
because this style is beautiful.

00:19:46.253 --> 00:19:51.253
(women singing)

00:19:51.486 --> 00:19:54.841
- It's been three months since
the Aari farmers were killed,

00:19:54.841 --> 00:19:57.683
and the Mursi elders
have called a meeting.

00:20:04.782 --> 00:20:07.253
The traditional way of
dealing with the problem

00:20:07.253 --> 00:20:11.022
is for the victim's family to
be compensated with cattle.

00:20:12.026 --> 00:20:14.088
But the government have said that

00:20:14.088 --> 00:20:16.127
if the killer isn't hand over,

00:20:16.127 --> 00:20:20.072
they will send in soldiers and
take some of the elders away.

00:20:23.169 --> 00:20:26.260
(horns blowing)

00:20:26.260 --> 00:20:27.928
(gunshot)

00:20:27.928 --> 00:20:31.372
Mursi warriors arrive
from nearby villages.

00:20:31.372 --> 00:20:36.044
(men singing)

00:20:37.209 --> 00:20:39.016
(whistling)
(gunshot)

00:20:39.016 --> 00:20:40.635
The Mursi have no leader

00:20:40.635 --> 00:20:42.960
and there is no system of arrest.

00:20:42.960 --> 00:20:45.740
If one young person does a bad thing,

00:20:45.740 --> 00:20:48.409
everyone his age is punished.

00:20:55.586 --> 00:20:57.956
The Mursi do not often kill cattle.

00:20:57.956 --> 00:21:01.078
But this meeting is very important.

00:21:01.078 --> 00:21:05.630
(loud horn blowing)

00:21:06.256 --> 00:21:10.184
It's time for the elders
to exert their authority.

00:21:11.360 --> 00:21:15.220
Today we discuss about Aari's
disappearing in the bush.

00:21:17.165 --> 00:21:20.657
In Mursi culture, older
people are important.

00:21:21.602 --> 00:21:23.726
(flames crackling)

00:21:23.735 --> 00:21:26.781
In Mursi we cannot read anything

00:21:26.781 --> 00:21:29.476
in a paper or in a books.

00:21:29.476 --> 00:21:33.006
But we talk face to face.

00:21:34.929 --> 00:21:38.440
We coming together to
discuss what we going to do.

00:21:38.440 --> 00:21:41.464
If it were big deal, or big issue,

00:21:41.464 --> 00:21:44.313
we must kill cow to say okay,

00:21:44.313 --> 00:21:47.933
"Now we must either give
this guy to government

00:21:47.933 --> 00:21:52.294
"or we can say that we going
to pay cattle or something."

00:21:55.201 --> 00:21:57.991
Now I see people coming to pressure

00:21:57.991 --> 00:22:00.900
the father of the guy

00:22:00.900 --> 00:22:02.898
killing Aari.

00:22:02.898 --> 00:22:06.404
(horn blowing)

00:23:34.521 --> 00:23:37.348
(horn blowing)

00:23:38.031 --> 00:23:39.985
(whistling)

00:23:47.768 --> 00:23:50.907
- [Oli] The Aari are prominent
in the local government,

00:23:50.907 --> 00:23:55.602
and have a population 20
times bigger than the Mursi.

00:23:57.839 --> 00:24:00.859
Now, one of the young warriors speaks.

00:24:33.443 --> 00:24:36.646
- [Oli] The next speaker
proposes a punishment.

00:25:09.473 --> 00:25:12.877
- [Oli] Everyone who
wants to speak has spoken.

00:25:15.201 --> 00:25:17.306
The Mursi do not vote.

00:25:17.763 --> 00:25:20.572
These meetings are for talking together,

00:25:20.572 --> 00:25:22.404
reaching an understanding,

00:25:22.404 --> 00:25:25.055
and spreading news back to our villages.

00:25:25.682 --> 00:25:27.939
Some people know who the killer is,

00:25:27.939 --> 00:25:30.857
but can't force his father to hand him in.

00:25:32.139 --> 00:25:33.566
What has been agreed

00:25:33.566 --> 00:25:36.703
is that all young warriors will
be punished for the killing,

00:25:36.703 --> 00:25:39.011
and for being generally bad.

00:25:40.269 --> 00:25:43.239
They will all be beaten with whips.

00:26:04.130 --> 00:26:06.992
- [Oli] It's a week later,
and all the young warriors

00:26:06.992 --> 00:26:09.925
have come together for our punishment.

00:26:10.353 --> 00:26:13.616
In Mursi society, the elders know best.

00:26:14.264 --> 00:26:17.315
I am the leader of this age set, the Teri.

00:26:17.315 --> 00:26:19.897
So, I will be beaten too.

00:26:20.578 --> 00:26:23.446
I'm using mud to protect my skin.

00:26:24.201 --> 00:26:26.200
My friend will do the filming.

00:26:26.200 --> 00:26:28.885
It's the first time he's used the camera.

00:26:28.885 --> 00:26:31.214
He's not very good.

00:27:05.508 --> 00:27:08.051
The warriors bring their fighting sticks

00:27:08.051 --> 00:27:10.516
to help ward off the blows.

00:27:10.516 --> 00:27:14.000
While the elders use nasty whips.

00:27:18.768 --> 00:27:20.766
(whips snapping)

00:28:15.196 --> 00:28:18.545
- [Oli] After the beating we
must kneel before the elders.

00:28:19.850 --> 00:28:23.069
There are different age group, age set.

00:28:24.171 --> 00:28:27.833
I'm a Teri age set, and
I have to kneel down

00:28:27.833 --> 00:28:30.916
before the Bara age set,
which is the older one.

00:28:31.687 --> 00:28:33.992
They are beat very badly.

00:28:37.044 --> 00:28:40.853
One of the elders tells
us what will happen next.

00:29:14.521 --> 00:29:17.308
- [Oli] The young have
been put in their place.

00:29:19.369 --> 00:29:21.937
Perhaps there will be less violence

00:29:21.937 --> 00:29:24.210
with the Aari and other tribes.

00:29:24.210 --> 00:29:28.891
(singing, clapping)

00:29:31.914 --> 00:29:36.701
(flute music)

00:29:37.225 --> 00:29:39.520
This is the Omo River.

00:29:42.434 --> 00:29:45.038
The best Mursi cultivation area.

00:29:46.630 --> 00:29:49.202
Game reserves and national parks

00:29:49.202 --> 00:29:51.612
have been created on all sides.

00:29:52.222 --> 00:29:54.805
And now we cannot go to many places.

00:29:59.047 --> 00:30:03.134
Cannot hunt across the west bank.

00:30:04.741 --> 00:30:07.099
Also we cannot take cattle there

00:30:07.099 --> 00:30:09.856
because of the national park.

00:30:10.912 --> 00:30:13.533
And this is a big problem.

00:31:12.325 --> 00:31:15.235
- [Oli] So now we drawing the Mursi map.

00:31:15.945 --> 00:31:18.430
Mursi territories.

00:31:19.491 --> 00:31:22.496
And this is the Omo River.

00:31:27.573 --> 00:31:30.099
Omo National Park,

00:31:30.099 --> 00:31:32.536
the hunting safari camp,

00:31:35.433 --> 00:31:37.413
Mago National Park.

00:31:38.147 --> 00:31:41.480
And there's Mursi land.

00:31:42.649 --> 00:31:45.385
There are three parks.

00:31:50.065 --> 00:31:52.109
Mursi are just here.

00:31:52.109 --> 00:31:55.959
And they're squeezed
like a sandwich between.

00:32:00.414 --> 00:32:02.619
This is not fair.

00:33:15.034 --> 00:33:18.321
- [Oli] In 2005, the
African Parks Foundation,

00:33:18.321 --> 00:33:22.686
a private Dutch charity, began
running Omo National Park.

00:33:23.623 --> 00:33:28.251
- Today we're calling the
people in the park's authority

00:33:28.251 --> 00:33:31.634
and we want to going to interview them,

00:33:31.634 --> 00:33:35.521
but they said no, no cars to come in.

00:33:36.409 --> 00:33:39.182
But it's quite interesting.

00:33:42.917 --> 00:33:45.387
- [Oli] Two days later,
we stop the manager

00:33:45.387 --> 00:33:48.056
of African National Parks in his car,

00:33:48.056 --> 00:33:49.682
and he agreed to talk to us.

00:33:50.992 --> 00:33:53.618
So do you mind if I just ask you

00:33:53.618 --> 00:33:55.499
some simple questions about African Parks?

00:33:55.499 --> 00:33:57.067
- Yes, yeah.

00:33:57.067 --> 00:33:59.390
- So, what's African Park mean?

00:33:59.390 --> 00:34:01.937
- Yeah, I mean basically
African Parks was invited

00:34:01.937 --> 00:34:03.816
by the Ethiopian Government,

00:34:03.816 --> 00:34:06.868
to come in to assist to
manage their national parks.

00:34:06.868 --> 00:34:09.290
We haven't come in here
with the intention to,

00:34:09.290 --> 00:34:11.596
to push people out, to stop access

00:34:11.596 --> 00:34:13.521
to different resources, et cetera,

00:34:13.521 --> 00:34:15.421
we've come in here with the intention

00:34:15.421 --> 00:34:17.684
to try to work out how to make

00:34:17.684 --> 00:34:20.423
this area sustainable
with the communities.

00:34:20.423 --> 00:34:22.820
'Cause if we don't have the communities

00:34:22.820 --> 00:34:25.301
working directly with us
and in partnership with us

00:34:25.301 --> 00:34:27.111
in these parks, and not just the park,

00:34:27.111 --> 00:34:28.643
but the area around it,

00:34:28.643 --> 00:34:31.175
it's not going to work in the long term.

00:34:31.175 --> 00:34:33.342
It will never work, it'll be a
battle the whole way through,

00:34:33.342 --> 00:34:35.014
and that's not what we're here to do.

00:34:35.014 --> 00:34:38.344
- [Oli] Back in my village,
Milisha translates the interview

00:34:38.344 --> 00:34:40.755
for some of the elders.

00:34:43.967 --> 00:34:45.692
- I think when you ask "Do they know us?"

00:34:45.692 --> 00:34:47.776
Not really, I think they
know of African Parks,

00:34:47.776 --> 00:34:50.125
I think there's a lot of
misinformation out there,

00:34:50.125 --> 00:34:52.390
that has been misinterpreted.

00:34:52.390 --> 00:34:55.662
I think one of Omo's and
African Parks' failures

00:34:55.662 --> 00:34:57.757
over this first year and a half has been

00:34:57.757 --> 00:34:59.678
to build this community relationship,

00:34:59.678 --> 00:35:02.955
and we haven't developed a
good communication network

00:35:02.955 --> 00:35:04.874
like we would have liked to.

00:35:05.966 --> 00:35:10.966
- [Oli] This Kobarrokorra
is an important guy.

00:35:43.318 --> 00:35:45.890
- [Oli] The parks have made boundaries.

00:35:45.890 --> 00:35:48.746
They don't allow the Mursi to graze there.

00:35:49.762 --> 00:35:52.460
The Mursi feel they are not consulted.

00:35:54.605 --> 00:35:57.316
I want to go to the town to find out more

00:35:57.316 --> 00:36:00.734
about the national parks and
the hunting safari lodge.

00:36:02.085 --> 00:36:03.725
It's market day.

00:36:03.725 --> 00:36:07.139
The Mursi are not allowed
here after recent violence.

00:36:08.569 --> 00:36:11.961
Most of these people are Aari and Hamar,

00:36:11.961 --> 00:36:14.544
enemies of the Mursi.

00:36:14.544 --> 00:36:16.881
But I'm wearing Western clothes,

00:36:16.881 --> 00:36:19.179
and because I look educated,

00:36:19.179 --> 00:36:23.007
it stops me being insulted
while we are filming.

00:36:25.063 --> 00:36:28.774
Then, I had a chance meeting
with a very important man.

00:36:28.774 --> 00:36:32.493
He has written books
about the Global Economy.

00:36:32.493 --> 00:36:34.869
- Stiglitz.
- [Oli] Stiglitz. (laughs)

00:36:34.869 --> 00:36:37.267
Nice to meet you.

00:36:37.267 --> 00:36:38.667
- Nice to meet you.

00:36:38.667 --> 00:36:42.942
- What do you think about
pastoralists in the future?

00:36:43.376 --> 00:36:46.273
- Fifty years ago,
there was a lot of land.

00:36:46.273 --> 00:36:48.903
relative to the population.

00:36:48.903 --> 00:36:52.089
But in the last 50 years,

00:36:52.089 --> 00:36:55.487
the population of Africa
has increased enormously.

00:36:55.487 --> 00:36:58.500
Africa's gone from a

00:36:59.946 --> 00:37:02.405
continent with a land abundance,

00:37:02.405 --> 00:37:04.526
to a continent with a land scarcity.

00:37:04.526 --> 00:37:09.506
- Do you think nomadic life can continue?

00:37:10.321 --> 00:37:12.142
- There's obviously going to be pressure

00:37:12.142 --> 00:37:15.370
on the nomadic way of life.

00:37:15.370 --> 00:37:17.637
Absolutely clear.

00:37:17.637 --> 00:37:20.920
But I do think that if

00:37:22.181 --> 00:37:24.824
there is greater organization,

00:37:26.792 --> 00:37:30.679
that at least some part of the community

00:37:30.679 --> 00:37:34.451
could continue in that nomadic style.

00:37:35.124 --> 00:37:37.467
- [Oli] I met a tour
guide from Addis Ababa

00:37:37.467 --> 00:37:39.753
who had taken some American tourists

00:37:39.753 --> 00:37:42.167
on the three days journey to the Mursi.

00:37:42.488 --> 00:37:45.202
- One of the place where
hunting takes place

00:37:45.202 --> 00:37:48.603
and the legal hunting, by
professionals of course,

00:37:48.603 --> 00:37:52.138
there are people who come to Egypt

00:37:52.138 --> 00:37:53.948
and just to hunt wild animals.

00:37:53.948 --> 00:37:57.243
So in controlled hunting areas,
legal hunting is possible.

00:37:57.243 --> 00:38:01.554
- [Oli] Big game hunters
pay up to $3,000 a day

00:38:01.554 --> 00:38:04.266
to come and hunt for trophies.

00:38:04.773 --> 00:38:08.959
The Mursi are forbidden from
these areas and get nothing.

00:38:09.575 --> 00:38:12.440
- People are not allowed
to go to the national park

00:38:12.440 --> 00:38:14.463
except visitors.

00:38:15.064 --> 00:38:17.341
Except legal visitors.

00:38:17.341 --> 00:38:20.875
- We live there with animals
for many many many years.

00:38:20.875 --> 00:38:22.354
Many thousand years.

00:38:22.354 --> 00:38:24.211
We are not allowed to kill the,

00:38:24.211 --> 00:38:26.048
destroy the wildlife.

00:38:26.048 --> 00:38:28.691
We Mursi only go to kill an animals

00:38:28.691 --> 00:38:31.480
to get, wear its skin.

00:38:31.480 --> 00:38:34.396
Maybe you saw some skin
the Mursi are wearing skin,

00:38:34.396 --> 00:38:36.305
were not wearing clothes.

00:39:07.792 --> 00:39:10.860
- [Oli] The skin, put the fat oil on it,

00:39:10.860 --> 00:39:12.685
and lasts for long time.

00:39:12.685 --> 00:39:14.631
It's very good.

00:39:17.486 --> 00:39:21.139
For clothes, they need
soap, and other stuff,

00:39:21.139 --> 00:39:23.604
and water and a clean place.

00:39:23.604 --> 00:39:26.203
We are only live in a grass houses,

00:39:26.203 --> 00:39:28.550
with the grass in it, and dirt in it.

00:39:28.550 --> 00:39:30.460
It got dirty quickly.

00:39:36.450 --> 00:39:38.351
- Is the government saying, or?

00:39:38.351 --> 00:39:39.578
- Yeah, the government.

00:39:39.578 --> 00:39:40.841
- Oh, people coming in and saying that

00:39:40.841 --> 00:39:42.476
you have to wear clothes?

00:39:42.476 --> 00:39:43.980
- Yeah, yeah.
- [Woman 1] Why?

00:39:43.980 --> 00:39:46.042
- Do stop my lip plate, earring.

00:39:46.042 --> 00:39:47.287
- Are you serious?

00:39:47.287 --> 00:39:48.470
- Yes!
- [Woman 1] Why?

00:39:48.470 --> 00:39:50.771
- I'm not lying to you!
(woman 2 laughs)

00:39:50.771 --> 00:39:52.357
- Yeah!

00:39:52.357 --> 00:39:55.025
So we can be equal like the highlanders.

00:39:56.931 --> 00:39:58.049
- [Woman 2] But you're
different from the highlanders!

00:39:58.049 --> 00:39:59.456
- [Woman 1] But you're different, right!

00:39:59.456 --> 00:40:01.186
- We are different.

00:40:01.186 --> 00:40:02.840
- That's what makes it interesting,

00:40:02.840 --> 00:40:05.167
is that everybody is different,
that tribes are different.

00:40:05.167 --> 00:40:09.200
That makes them unique, and
that makes Ethiopia unique.

00:40:15.801 --> 00:40:18.586
- [Oli] Back in the village,
the sorghum crop is ready.

00:40:19.285 --> 00:40:20.945
This year, it's good.

00:40:20.945 --> 00:40:23.787
But often, it doesn't grow at all.

00:40:25.244 --> 00:40:27.558
Also, there are many dangers here.

00:40:27.558 --> 00:40:31.275
Malaria and snake bite are
two of the biggest killers.

00:40:32.182 --> 00:40:35.656
(screaming)

00:40:51.400 --> 00:40:53.137
- [Oli] A bite from a black mamba

00:40:53.137 --> 00:40:55.820
can kill an adult in two hours.

00:40:56.621 --> 00:40:59.927
And it's two and a half days
walk to the nearest hospital.

00:41:03.602 --> 00:41:06.743
Now the Mursi have some
Western medical help,

00:41:06.743 --> 00:41:08.670
and people are living longer.

00:41:10.763 --> 00:41:12.835
Milisha, my brother, is learning how

00:41:12.835 --> 00:41:15.114
to treat people in the area.

00:41:15.414 --> 00:41:18.640
- Now I helping the doctors,

00:41:18.640 --> 00:41:22.049
and I learning many things about medicine,

00:41:22.049 --> 00:41:26.318
and translating in the clinics every day.

00:41:27.073 --> 00:41:30.688
And I want to learn
more to help the Mursi.

00:41:30.688 --> 00:41:32.272
(baby cries)

00:41:32.272 --> 00:41:35.005
- [Oli] Milisha has been
given a malaria testing kit

00:41:35.005 --> 00:41:37.277
by the local mission.

00:42:09.382 --> 00:42:11.487
- [Oli] Western medicine--

00:42:16.859 --> 00:42:19.826
Neighboring tribes have
deep-rooted suspicion

00:42:19.826 --> 00:42:21.892
and fear of each other.

00:42:21.892 --> 00:42:24.795
We're surrounded by our enemies.

00:42:24.795 --> 00:42:29.753
Like Hamar, Karo, Kwegu, Nyangatom,

00:42:29.753 --> 00:42:32.219
and a Bodi tribe.

00:42:32.219 --> 00:42:33.941
Also Aari.

00:42:33.941 --> 00:42:37.177
And about four months ago,
they had a big fighting

00:42:37.177 --> 00:42:40.371
between the Mursi and a Bodi.

00:42:40.371 --> 00:42:44.093
And five Mursi was killed during fighting.

00:42:44.738 --> 00:42:47.929
And six Bodi was killed too.

00:42:55.362 --> 00:42:58.582
But over the next few
months some news circulated

00:42:58.582 --> 00:43:00.831
around the South Omo region.

00:43:01.214 --> 00:43:04.094
Each tribes in the area
have been asked to send

00:43:04.094 --> 00:43:06.495
representatives to gathering

00:43:06.495 --> 00:43:09.088
in the heart of the land of Nyangatom,

00:43:09.088 --> 00:43:11.027
an emissary of the Mursi.

00:43:12.528 --> 00:43:17.123
(singing, horns blowing)

00:43:17.447 --> 00:43:21.101
The Nyangatom welcome people
from 17 different tribes.

00:43:24.043 --> 00:43:27.014
Many have walked for days to get here.

00:43:29.972 --> 00:43:33.181
An organization from Addis
has paid for this gathering

00:43:33.181 --> 00:43:36.145
to promote unity among
the South Omo people.

00:43:43.072 --> 00:43:47.522
(crowd singing)

00:44:55.728 --> 00:44:57.438
- [Oli] Many of these people here

00:44:57.438 --> 00:45:00.825
have lost members of their
family to the violence.

00:46:40.346 --> 00:46:42.482
- [Oli] The South Omo tribes are remote

00:46:42.482 --> 00:46:43.988
from central governments,

00:46:43.988 --> 00:46:46.750
and have very little
idea about national law.

00:46:48.028 --> 00:46:51.148
It's the elders in each
group who make the rules,

00:46:51.148 --> 00:46:54.652
which has always been payment
of cattle to the victim.

00:48:26.214 --> 00:48:28.508
- [Oli] It's the end of the first day,

00:48:28.508 --> 00:48:31.285
and the atmosphere is very tense.

00:48:42.215 --> 00:48:44.921
But the Nyangatom women are dancing,

00:48:44.921 --> 00:48:47.711
and they are very beautiful.

00:48:50.288 --> 00:48:52.748
Good, I like that.

00:48:53.688 --> 00:48:57.768
How many cattle do I pay for her family?

00:49:07.627 --> 00:49:10.986
- Okay. She says that 200.
- [Oli] 200?

00:49:10.986 --> 00:49:13.290
- Because you are from another tribe.

00:49:13.290 --> 00:49:15.969
If you are from Nyangatom, 150.

00:49:17.276 --> 00:49:20.781
- [Oli] Wow.
(laughter)

00:49:25.112 --> 00:49:27.519
So now I'm going back to my country,

00:49:27.519 --> 00:49:30.695
and I will thinking about
the Nyangatom girls.

00:49:40.262 --> 00:49:42.779
- Okay, no matter, you are welcome.

00:49:42.779 --> 00:49:46.160
If you go, go and think, and then,

00:49:46.160 --> 00:49:48.469
but you will not get me again.

00:49:48.469 --> 00:49:50.837
Maybe you'll get me married.

00:49:52.113 --> 00:49:56.207
(singing)

00:50:00.915 --> 00:50:04.179
- [Oli] To buy a bride in
South Omo, a man needs cattle.

00:50:05.039 --> 00:50:08.062
And cattle raiding is
one of the biggest causes

00:50:08.062 --> 00:50:10.076
of conflict here.

00:51:59.820 --> 00:52:02.150
(applause)

00:52:54.839 --> 00:52:59.477
(singing, bells jingling)

00:52:59.477 --> 00:53:04.003
(shouting, horns blowing)

00:53:18.596 --> 00:53:23.083
(drumming, singing)