00:00:01.485 --> 00:00:04.455
(EERIE AMBIENT SOUND)

00:00:44.550 --> 00:00:48.390
- I found the shoebox in
a locked filing cabinet.

00:00:48.390 --> 00:00:53.136
It was full of tapes;
mostly Hi-8 analog,

00:00:53.136 --> 00:00:57.420
a few digital,
some Super 8 film.

00:00:57.420 --> 00:01:01.060
The labels were
faded, barely legible.

00:01:01.060 --> 00:01:03.420
They sounded like places.

00:01:03.420 --> 00:01:08.921
Simcom, DARPA, ICT, 29 PALMS.

00:01:13.840 --> 00:01:15.882
There were some interviews.

00:01:15.882 --> 00:01:21.590
Admiral Cebrowski, General
Clark, Paul Virilio.

00:01:25.420 --> 00:01:29.640
Under the box I found
more tapes, old VHS

00:01:29.640 --> 00:01:31.215
and one-inch broadcast tapes.

00:01:43.912 --> 00:01:46.120
- It may sound like something
out of science fiction.

00:01:46.120 --> 00:01:48.970
But we need to recognize that
this was a new kind of war.

00:01:48.970 --> 00:01:52.390
A war of speed and surveillance,
a simulation of spectacle,

00:01:52.390 --> 00:01:55.090
a pop war ready made
for the video arcade.

00:01:55.090 --> 00:01:56.560
It was our first cyber war.

00:02:05.320 --> 00:02:09.804
- It took five years, but with
the help of eBay and a group

00:02:09.804 --> 00:02:17.928
of co-conspirators, I
discovered Project Z.

00:02:35.856 --> 00:02:38.700
- The world had shifted.

00:02:38.700 --> 00:02:43.250
The fall of the Berlin Wall
opened up possibilities.

00:02:43.250 --> 00:02:45.415
And I thought, well, this is it.

00:02:45.415 --> 00:02:47.720
Let's see who's
modeling the new world.

00:02:47.720 --> 00:02:51.310
And as a militist I said,
maybe the new currency of power

00:02:51.310 --> 00:02:52.322
is information.

00:02:52.322 --> 00:02:53.740
So that's why I
went on the road.

00:02:53.740 --> 00:02:55.580
I decided, well
let's just test this.

00:02:55.580 --> 00:02:58.860
Let's empirically test
some of these ideas.

00:02:58.860 --> 00:03:00.200
So that started it.

00:03:00.200 --> 00:03:04.906
And then, you know, you get
moving on these journeys,

00:03:04.906 --> 00:03:08.400
you find out something at
each stop that gives you

00:03:08.400 --> 00:03:09.692
a reason to go further.

00:03:09.692 --> 00:03:12.230
It's like going down
the rabbit hole.

00:03:12.230 --> 00:03:14.070
I had to follow it
to the end to see

00:03:14.070 --> 00:03:16.200
just how weird it would get.

00:03:54.623 --> 00:03:57.617
(WIND WHIPPING)

00:04:02.495 --> 00:04:03.360
(MOTOR RUNNING)

00:04:03.360 --> 00:04:05.740
- OK, while the
camera's going...

00:04:05.740 --> 00:04:07.720
What was this dream
you had the other day?

00:04:07.720 --> 00:04:10.690
- Oh, It was very strange.

00:04:10.690 --> 00:04:12.670
I had been on the
ground out here.

00:04:12.670 --> 00:04:14.887
This is my fifth time,
but this time I've

00:04:14.887 --> 00:04:16.220
been down here about three days.

00:04:18.829 --> 00:04:21.970
I had a very vivid dream
about a corporation,

00:04:21.970 --> 00:04:26.135
grabbed up thousands of square
miles of land near here.

00:04:26.135 --> 00:04:29.600
The corporation's
name was WarCo.

00:04:29.600 --> 00:04:34.720
Their whole idea was,
let's create an environment

00:04:34.720 --> 00:04:40.605
where we can simulate
battles and contract them

00:04:40.605 --> 00:04:43.490
for various nations.

00:04:43.490 --> 00:04:51.215
This is a way they can solve
their problems with decisions

00:04:51.215 --> 00:04:57.504
coming down from a
World Court-like power.

00:04:57.504 --> 00:04:59.964
And it would help out
the corporate structure

00:04:59.964 --> 00:05:00.948
around the world.

00:05:00.948 --> 00:05:06.545
So WarCo was formed, and
they were marketing this

00:05:06.545 --> 00:05:08.786
to different countries.

00:05:13.766 --> 00:05:17.252
- This dream you
had the other day,

00:05:17.252 --> 00:05:19.156
did it have a happy ending?

00:05:19.156 --> 00:05:21.632
- Didn't get to the ending.

00:05:21.632 --> 00:05:22.132
- Ha!

00:05:22.132 --> 00:05:22.632
Great.

00:05:40.980 --> 00:05:43.000
My virtual hajj
began at Fort Irwin,

00:05:43.000 --> 00:05:44.630
to see how the
future of warfare was

00:05:44.630 --> 00:05:48.230
being written in the sands
of the Mojave Desert.

00:05:48.230 --> 00:05:50.510
I was there to witness
the Advanced Warfighting

00:05:50.510 --> 00:05:54.710
Experiment, aka AWE,
an early forerunner

00:05:54.710 --> 00:05:58.292
of what Donald Rumsfeld would
later call "Shock and Awe."

00:05:58.292 --> 00:06:00.310
In the blank slate of
the California desert,

00:06:00.310 --> 00:06:02.863
I saw the beginnings of
a so-called "revolution

00:06:02.863 --> 00:06:05.128
in military affairs."

00:06:06.040 --> 00:06:08.700
In the future, who do
you see the simulations

00:06:08.700 --> 00:06:11.380
being fought against,
given the changing nature

00:06:11.380 --> 00:06:12.640
of the international system?

00:06:12.640 --> 00:06:14.640
- Well, the threat will
consistently change.

00:06:14.640 --> 00:06:19.210
What we need to do is we need
to train against a well-trained,

00:06:19.210 --> 00:06:21.690
well-organized threat --
even if that threat is maybe

00:06:21.690 --> 00:06:22.190
non-existant

00:06:22.190 --> 00:06:23.144
(HELICOPTER FLYING)

00:06:23.144 --> 00:06:25.529
right now as far as
potential adversaries.

00:06:30.500 --> 00:06:33.340
Right now at the NTC we
fight the Krasnovians.

00:06:33.340 --> 00:06:37.300
The Krasnovians use
Soviet-style doctrine,

00:06:37.300 --> 00:06:39.450
but they are unlike any
Soviet army on Earth

00:06:39.450 --> 00:06:42.367
because there is no
Soviet army anymore.

00:06:42.367 --> 00:06:44.852
(WIND WHIPPING)

00:06:53.310 --> 00:06:55.070
- Now, who do you
see as the next enemy

00:06:55.070 --> 00:06:57.347
that will be using a
Soviet military doctrine?

00:07:01.090 --> 00:07:03.420
- I'd say anything
like, Syria...

00:07:03.420 --> 00:07:06.390
I think Syria, maybe Jordan.

00:07:06.390 --> 00:07:08.755
I'm fairly certain
Iraq is Soviet-style,

00:07:08.755 --> 00:07:11.690
and I'm fairly certain
Iran is Soviet-style.

00:07:11.690 --> 00:07:14.920
Libya probably is, you know
all those places that we

00:07:14.920 --> 00:07:16.270
have all these unfriendlies.

00:07:16.270 --> 00:07:19.049
So you really can
never be 100% sure

00:07:19.049 --> 00:07:20.590
if you're getting
pure Soviet tactics

00:07:20.590 --> 00:07:22.980
or you're getting an
adapted version of it.

00:07:22.980 --> 00:07:26.080
Like, Soviet tactics didn't
really work in Afghanistan.

00:07:26.080 --> 00:07:29.706
I mean, when have you known the
Soviets to pull out of a place?

00:07:29.706 --> 00:07:31.830
- They were fighting the
wrong war game, in effect.

00:07:31.830 --> 00:07:32.520
- Right.

00:07:32.520 --> 00:07:33.686
Which is sort of like
we did in Vietnam when

00:07:33.686 --> 00:07:35.807
we were trying to play
World War II with Vietnam.

00:07:39.783 --> 00:07:41.771
- Looks like he's done
some serious damage.

00:07:44.240 --> 00:07:46.490
- And right now you wear the
beret of the Krasnovians.

00:07:46.490 --> 00:07:47.370
I see the red star.

00:07:47.370 --> 00:07:47.960
- Yes.

00:07:47.960 --> 00:07:49.460
- What kind of
headgear do you think

00:07:49.460 --> 00:07:51.230
you'll be wearing
in the war games,

00:07:51.230 --> 00:07:53.100
say 10 years, 5
years down the line?

00:07:53.100 --> 00:07:55.050
- That's absolutely
impossible for me to tell.

00:07:55.050 --> 00:07:57.660
But I imagine our uniforms
will not change that much.

00:07:57.660 --> 00:07:59.880
The uniforms don't
matter as much

00:07:59.880 --> 00:08:03.330
as the thinking that goes
behind how the threat is

00:08:03.330 --> 00:08:04.395
going to be deployed.

00:08:04.395 --> 00:08:09.610
(INTERPOSING VOICES)

00:08:09.610 --> 00:08:11.760
- We can shoot this
laser beam out there,

00:08:11.760 --> 00:08:14.390
it can return and give you a
10-digit direct coordinate.

00:08:14.390 --> 00:08:16.480
Simultaneously,
it also goes back

00:08:16.480 --> 00:08:20.342
to the Star Wars building
or the operations center.

00:08:20.342 --> 00:08:21.800
- With this, we
have the capability

00:08:21.800 --> 00:08:24.035
to receive simultaneously
from the Joint Strike

00:08:24.035 --> 00:08:27.190
aircraft, the unmanned aerial
vehicle, and the commander's

00:08:27.190 --> 00:08:28.870
tactical internal radio network.

00:08:28.870 --> 00:08:31.290
- With the computer system
that we got right here,

00:08:31.290 --> 00:08:33.250
and with the Mounted
Soldier System,

00:08:33.250 --> 00:08:35.549
we're also giving
him a real life,

00:08:35.549 --> 00:08:38.299
as-if-he-was-there look
at the battlefields.

00:08:38.299 --> 00:08:39.840
- We have the
helmet-mounted display,

00:08:39.840 --> 00:08:41.200
or HMD as we like to call it.

00:08:41.200 --> 00:08:42.890
Through this, we see
our computer screen

00:08:42.890 --> 00:08:44.760
and our three visual devices.

00:08:44.760 --> 00:08:47.160
We can see through
smoke, fog, anything that

00:08:47.160 --> 00:08:48.580
would limit our visibility.

00:08:48.580 --> 00:08:50.080
What you see is what you get.

00:08:50.080 --> 00:08:51.560
This is just a prototype.

00:08:51.560 --> 00:08:54.490
But in the future we plan to
get it smaller and lighter.

00:08:54.490 --> 00:08:56.750
(MUSIC PLAYING)

00:08:59.010 --> 00:09:01.550
- After Wired Magazine
took me on as a freelancer,

00:09:01.550 --> 00:09:03.430
I was able to travel deeper.

00:09:03.430 --> 00:09:06.000
I wanted to go where
virtuality confronted reality,

00:09:06.000 --> 00:09:08.470
or as my military
handlers put it, "Where

00:09:08.470 --> 00:09:10.110
the rubber meets the road."

00:09:10.110 --> 00:09:12.650
After Fort Irwin, I headed
to Orlando, Florida,

00:09:12.650 --> 00:09:14.870
home of Disney World
but also STRICOM --

00:09:14.870 --> 00:09:17.190
one of the strangest,
the newest,

00:09:17.190 --> 00:09:20.340
most unusual command
posts in the military.

00:09:20.340 --> 00:09:23.530
On my journey, I took with
me my Hi-8 video camera

00:09:23.530 --> 00:09:25.255
as my visual notebook.

00:09:25.255 --> 00:09:28.456
I tried to make sense of
this new kind of warfare.

00:09:28.456 --> 00:09:30.328
(MUSIC PLAYING)

00:09:33.800 --> 00:09:34.550
- What's it about?

00:09:34.550 --> 00:09:35.591
- It's about simulations.

00:09:41.420 --> 00:09:44.162
- "The very
definition of the real

00:09:44.162 --> 00:09:53.054
has become that of which it is
possible to give an equivalent

00:09:53.054 --> 00:09:56.018
reproduction.

00:09:56.018 --> 00:10:00.464
The real is not only
what can be reproduced,

00:10:00.464 --> 00:10:06.062
but that which is always
already reproduced."

00:10:06.062 --> 00:10:08.557
(MUSIC PLAYING)

00:10:08.557 --> 00:10:10.383
I don't think I'd like this.

00:10:10.383 --> 00:10:12.549
It doesn't sound like
something I would do out here.

00:10:18.325 --> 00:10:20.533
- (RECORDED VOICE) The
CompuServe family of synthetic

00:10:20.533 --> 00:10:23.527
environment products is setting
the standard for the creation

00:10:23.527 --> 00:10:27.516
of the MC-130, and B-1,
and B-2 training systems.

00:10:27.516 --> 00:10:29.515
- (RECORDED VOICE) It was
designed for the rapid

00:10:29.515 --> 00:10:33.008
automated generation of
visual databases from standard

00:10:33.008 --> 00:10:36.501
and non-standard sources for
certified ready-for-training

00:10:36.501 --> 00:10:38.996
months before Desert Storm.

00:10:38.996 --> 00:10:44.055
- As one walks the floor of this
conference, what is striking

00:10:44.055 --> 00:10:46.013
is the high tech nature
of training simulation.

00:10:46.013 --> 00:10:48.398
This place is better
than Disney World

00:10:48.398 --> 00:10:51.740
and better than a
science fiction novel.

00:10:51.740 --> 00:10:53.300
This is where fantasy
meets reality,

00:10:53.300 --> 00:10:56.770
a Mecca for the true aficonado
of state-of-the-art whizz-bang

00:10:56.770 --> 00:10:58.240
high tech.

00:10:58.240 --> 00:11:01.220
And it is here, at
this conference,

00:11:01.220 --> 00:11:04.494
that you start truly to
understand why and how we

00:11:04.494 --> 00:11:05.313
won the Gulf War.

00:11:05.313 --> 00:11:07.768
- This is the biggest
simulation program of all time,

00:11:07.768 --> 00:11:11.696
involving multiple billions of
dollars stretched out between

00:11:11.696 --> 00:11:15.624
now and the first decade of
the... in the 21st century.

00:11:15.624 --> 00:11:18.570
- We're now part of, I
think, an unbroken chain

00:11:18.570 --> 00:11:22.498
between the industry and
the DoD, the Army, the Navy,

00:11:22.498 --> 00:11:23.480
and the Air Force.

00:11:23.480 --> 00:11:24.462
(MUSIC PLAYING)

00:11:24.462 --> 00:11:26.426
- We're also big into
network simulation.

00:11:26.426 --> 00:11:30.370
- It normally costs about
$1,500 for a laser grenade.

00:11:30.370 --> 00:11:32.540
- Is there any
possibility that sailors

00:11:32.540 --> 00:11:35.520
will confuse, say, the
simulation with the reality?

00:11:35.520 --> 00:11:38.400
- Well, this is
always a big concern.

00:11:43.600 --> 00:11:47.430
This is always a big
concern that we have,

00:11:47.430 --> 00:11:51.550
is that there has got to be a
disconnect between the button

00:11:51.550 --> 00:11:54.730
that they push to launch
that missile and the missile

00:11:54.730 --> 00:11:56.352
launcher itself.

00:11:56.352 --> 00:12:00.034
Other than that, I want
them to understand that they

00:12:00.034 --> 00:12:01.753
are in a real-world situation.

00:12:01.753 --> 00:12:04.208
I want them to
feel beads of sweat

00:12:04.208 --> 00:12:06.172
coming down on to the brow.

00:12:06.172 --> 00:12:08.136
(CROWD MURMURING)

00:12:08.136 --> 00:12:10.100
- I think you're
going to find out

00:12:10.100 --> 00:12:12.555
that there are many sectors
of the entertainment industry

00:12:12.555 --> 00:12:15.540
that have a great deal in
common with your businesses.

00:12:15.540 --> 00:12:18.810
So if some of this
seems reasonable, good.

00:12:18.810 --> 00:12:20.800
If not, then again,
keep in mind,

00:12:20.800 --> 00:12:24.485
we win successful contracts
with smoke and mirrors.

00:12:24.485 --> 00:12:25.898
(LAUGHTER)

00:12:25.898 --> 00:12:27.630
It's a good thing
in our business.

00:12:31.370 --> 00:12:34.380
One of the things I'd
like to do this evening

00:12:34.380 --> 00:12:37.120
is tell you a little
bit about what we do,

00:12:37.120 --> 00:12:40.530
and more to the point how
it applies to what you do.

00:12:40.530 --> 00:12:44.016
Many of you know this already
because we're working with you.

00:12:44.016 --> 00:12:47.502
-...human beings, and his
movements being articulated...

00:12:47.502 --> 00:12:50.988
represented in the
virtual environment.

00:12:52.980 --> 00:12:55.470
- Well we see possible
uses for mission rehearsal,

00:12:55.470 --> 00:12:58.458
so that a person can
practice before he actually

00:12:58.458 --> 00:13:02.442
lands in a place
like Bosnia or Haiti,

00:13:02.442 --> 00:13:05.343
and physically go through
himself the buildings

00:13:05.343 --> 00:13:06.426
where he's going to fight.

00:13:07.920 --> 00:13:10.908
- How did the entertainment
industry use this?

00:13:10.908 --> 00:13:14.394
- Um, actually they used
it for special effects.

00:13:14.394 --> 00:13:17.382
For example in the Batman
movies where you physically

00:13:17.382 --> 00:13:20.370
don't want a person
swinging between buildings.

00:13:20.370 --> 00:13:21.864
You could simulate that.

00:13:21.864 --> 00:13:25.350
And in fact, it was used for
the Batman movies, and Alien.

00:13:25.350 --> 00:13:26.844
[EXPLOSIONS]

00:13:26.844 --> 00:13:29.500
- So the project actually
started a couple years ago back

00:13:29.500 --> 00:13:33.318
in 1994 when, after a
General Officers' Symposium,

00:13:33.318 --> 00:13:36.140
we were tasked to take a look
at commercial off-the-shelf war

00:13:36.140 --> 00:13:39.294
games to see if any could
help teach an appreciation

00:13:39.294 --> 00:13:40.788
for the art and
science of warfare.

00:13:40.788 --> 00:13:44.422
And right away we saw Doom,
started playing with that,

00:13:44.422 --> 00:13:47.481
and rather quickly identified
it as having potential

00:13:47.481 --> 00:13:49.459
as a micro-tactical trainer.

00:13:49.459 --> 00:13:52.000
- So what... how would you rate
this compared to the civilian

00:13:52.000 --> 00:13:53.195
version?

00:13:53.195 --> 00:13:54.945
- Oh I would say it's
much more realistic,

00:13:54.945 --> 00:13:56.340
the changes we've made.

00:13:56.340 --> 00:13:58.810
Because we've turned your
health down to 20% to start off,

00:13:58.810 --> 00:14:00.425
so a couple of hits
and you're dead.

00:14:00.425 --> 00:14:02.175
Took out all the science
fiction monsters,

00:14:02.175 --> 00:14:04.800
goblins, sci-fi weapons,
all that kind of stuff,

00:14:04.800 --> 00:14:07.122
and really Marine-ized
it as best we could.

00:14:07.122 --> 00:14:07.622
(GUNFIRE)

00:14:07.622 --> 00:14:09.080
- If you were hit
by enemy fire...?

00:14:09.080 --> 00:14:09.827
- Right.

00:14:09.827 --> 00:14:11.495
Your screen'll turn red-- Hey!

00:14:11.495 --> 00:14:12.435
What are you doing?!

00:14:12.435 --> 00:14:13.500
- Is that friendly fire?

00:14:13.500 --> 00:14:14.752
- Yeah, that's friendly fire.

00:14:14.752 --> 00:14:15.252
(LAUGHTER)

00:14:15.252 --> 00:14:17.855
- Do you see anything you do
for the entertainment industry

00:14:17.855 --> 00:14:19.260
of value for the military?

00:14:19.260 --> 00:14:21.246
Which way does
the spill-over go?

00:14:21.246 --> 00:14:23.370
- Actually, it goes from
military to entertainment.

00:14:23.370 --> 00:14:26.087
What we find is that the
leading-edge simulators

00:14:26.087 --> 00:14:27.920
actually go over into
entertainment directly

00:14:27.920 --> 00:14:29.788
to the games market.

00:14:29.788 --> 00:14:33.080
And then even a little
bit more indirectly

00:14:33.080 --> 00:14:34.210
to the entertainment field.

00:14:34.210 --> 00:14:37.410
But the military battle
simulation techniques

00:14:37.410 --> 00:14:39.204
of a couple of years
ago are now part

00:14:39.204 --> 00:14:40.870
of this year's
electronic games that are

00:14:40.870 --> 00:14:42.160
being introduced at Christmas.

00:14:49.585 --> 00:14:51.441
The whole purpose of
this is an experiment

00:14:51.441 --> 00:14:53.315
which is being installed
at Fort Hood, Texas,

00:14:53.315 --> 00:14:56.935
to assist the Army in digitizing
the battlefield from brigade

00:14:56.935 --> 00:14:58.434
down to an individual
soldier level.

00:14:58.434 --> 00:15:00.910
- And so we can put them in a
position where they can train

00:15:00.910 --> 00:15:04.800
for night flights over Baghdad,
or see what they can see...

00:15:04.800 --> 00:15:07.100
foresee about the target
area and the environment

00:15:07.100 --> 00:15:09.225
that's there, where the
various enemy defenses are,

00:15:09.225 --> 00:15:10.650
how to be able to avoid them.

00:15:10.650 --> 00:15:12.235
- Are you doing any
work like on, you

00:15:12.235 --> 00:15:14.135
know, more abstract
considerations

00:15:14.135 --> 00:15:18.410
of future wars,
future conflicts?

00:15:18.410 --> 00:15:21.530
- Well, the war game effort that
we were talking about is really

00:15:21.530 --> 00:15:22.030
part of...

00:15:22.030 --> 00:15:24.154
I don't know if you're
familiar with Andy Marshall?

00:15:24.154 --> 00:15:26.220
In effect, this Newport
war game that I described

00:15:26.220 --> 00:15:29.285
was in fact a part of Andy
Marshall's capabilities

00:15:29.285 --> 00:15:31.410
that they have, the managing
technology revolution.

00:15:31.410 --> 00:15:34.030
What they're using
is the simulation

00:15:34.030 --> 00:15:35.890
as a way of being able
to evaluate things

00:15:35.890 --> 00:15:37.322
for which we have no forces.

00:15:37.322 --> 00:15:39.030
Or what technology --
a new technology --

00:15:39.030 --> 00:15:39.985
could bring to bear.

00:15:39.985 --> 00:15:42.860
(MUSIC PLAYING)

00:15:42.860 --> 00:15:46.622
- At the end of the Cold War,
and the loss of this enemy and,

00:15:46.622 --> 00:15:48.586
you know, the
seven major threats

00:15:48.586 --> 00:15:52.514
that Wolfowitz, I think,
just came up with and others.

00:15:52.514 --> 00:15:54.969
Can you compare that to any
other time where you've seen

00:15:54.969 --> 00:15:55.951
this...

00:15:55.951 --> 00:15:59.819
suddenly everything
seemed to be wide open?

00:15:59.819 --> 00:16:01.938
It wasn't quite clear
if there's going

00:16:01.938 --> 00:16:03.460
to be a re-emerging
global threat,

00:16:03.460 --> 00:16:04.710
I think is what you'd call it.

00:16:04.710 --> 00:16:07.672
Have you ever seen like
that in your time here?

00:16:07.672 --> 00:16:08.960
- No, I think not in my time.

00:16:08.960 --> 00:16:11.500
But if you look back in
history, I think you see...

00:16:11.500 --> 00:16:14.780
I mean, the '20s were like that.

00:16:14.780 --> 00:16:16.860
In the '20s, I mean,
turned out to be

00:16:16.860 --> 00:16:23.620
a period of illusion about what
the world was going to be like.

00:16:23.620 --> 00:16:27.085
We were at the beginning of
this kind of technical change.

00:16:27.085 --> 00:16:31.410
And you know, working out
its implications for whether

00:16:31.410 --> 00:16:36.350
something like the '30s before
it... you know, I don't know.

00:16:36.350 --> 00:16:39.710
(MUSIC PLAYING)

00:16:39.710 --> 00:16:43.320
- The new world order is long
on new and short on order.

00:16:43.320 --> 00:16:45.945
As one recent observer
has characterized it,

00:16:45.945 --> 00:16:49.030
"1,000 points of darkness."

00:16:49.030 --> 00:16:51.480
This is because the new
world we have entered

00:16:51.480 --> 00:16:54.000
is far from being
clearly definable.

00:16:54.000 --> 00:16:58.340
And it cannot be characterized
as precisely and as succinctly

00:16:58.340 --> 00:17:01.480
as the one from which
we are emerging.

00:17:01.480 --> 00:17:05.060
Yes, we have slain
a large dragon.

00:17:05.060 --> 00:17:07.470
But we live now
in a jungle filled

00:17:07.470 --> 00:17:11.339
with a bewildering variety
of poisonous snakes.

00:17:11.339 --> 00:17:15.567
And in many ways, the dragon
was easier to keep track of.

00:17:15.567 --> 00:17:18.281
(HELICOPTER BLADES WHIRRING)

00:17:18.281 --> 00:17:18.780
- ...

00:17:18.780 --> 00:17:21.751
I'm the Deputy S3 for the
Combat Maneuver Training Center

00:17:21.751 --> 00:17:23.006
here in Hohenfels, Germany.

00:17:23.006 --> 00:17:25.339
What I'd like to do at this
time is give you an overview

00:17:25.339 --> 00:17:29.390
briefing of CMTC and some
of the significant actions

00:17:29.390 --> 00:17:31.650
we take here to train
forces in Europe

00:17:31.650 --> 00:17:36.610
on operations other than war
and high-intensity conflict ops.

00:17:36.610 --> 00:17:39.380
The point that our slide in
the briefing made to you,

00:17:39.380 --> 00:17:41.690
is that in the spectrum --
hopefully made to you --

00:17:41.690 --> 00:17:45.340
in the spectrum of conflict
that goes from war to peace,

00:17:45.340 --> 00:17:47.770
you have this gray area in
the middle which sometimes

00:17:47.770 --> 00:17:48.570
isn't gray.

00:17:48.570 --> 00:17:51.270
You may be manning a
checkpoint, manning an OP,

00:17:51.270 --> 00:17:52.830
and in another
part of your AO you

00:17:52.830 --> 00:17:55.200
got people shooting missiles
at helicopters and missiles

00:17:55.200 --> 00:17:56.560
at F-16s.

00:17:56.560 --> 00:17:58.625
So what area are we in?

00:17:58.625 --> 00:18:01.215
(HELICOPTER BLADES WHIRRING)

00:18:03.914 --> 00:18:05.080
- We're glad the UN is here.

00:18:05.080 --> 00:18:06.740
Basically without
them, we will be

00:18:06.740 --> 00:18:10.910
crushed by the godless,
heartless, cowardly villains

00:18:10.910 --> 00:18:13.450
that oppose us on every border.

00:18:13.450 --> 00:18:15.670
We perceive their
arrival as a saving.

00:18:15.670 --> 00:18:18.540
They're coming to protect
us from terrorist attacks

00:18:18.540 --> 00:18:21.620
and overwhelming military force.

00:18:21.620 --> 00:18:23.240
And they're not...

00:18:23.240 --> 00:18:26.064
basically they're not kicking
ass and taking down names.

00:18:26.064 --> 00:18:26.980
(SOUND OF TANK MOVING)

00:18:26.980 --> 00:18:28.750
- This is the town
of Ubingsdorf.

00:18:28.750 --> 00:18:32.429
It portrays a town within
the... that happens to be inside

00:18:32.429 --> 00:18:34.297
the Zone of Separation.

00:18:34.297 --> 00:18:38.310
And it's close to the line
separating the eastern portion

00:18:38.310 --> 00:18:39.950
from Vilslakia.

00:18:39.950 --> 00:18:42.460
We're in Vilslakia now,
inside the United Nations

00:18:42.460 --> 00:18:43.424
Zone of Separation.

00:18:43.424 --> 00:18:45.590
And it looks like there's
some kind of demonstration

00:18:45.590 --> 00:18:47.700
or some kind of activity
going on up here.

00:18:47.700 --> 00:18:53.752
- The area is broken down
now into Sowenia, Vilslakia,

00:18:53.752 --> 00:18:55.470
and also Juraland.

00:18:55.470 --> 00:18:58.396
And north of us, we even have
a place called Freedonia.

00:18:58.396 --> 00:19:00.270
We put them in what I
call the "grunge" look,

00:19:00.270 --> 00:19:02.700
the Eastern European
look, if you will.

00:19:02.700 --> 00:19:05.863
As you see, here's an example
of some of these guys walking

00:19:05.863 --> 00:19:06.363
around here.

00:19:06.363 --> 00:19:11.173
(SHOUTING)

00:19:11.173 --> 00:19:13.650
- You're talking about span
of command and control.

00:19:13.650 --> 00:19:17.280
You're talking about the
ability of an organization

00:19:17.280 --> 00:19:20.650
to deal with complex tasks
with additional assets being

00:19:20.650 --> 00:19:22.635
thrown at the
battalion commanders,

00:19:22.635 --> 00:19:24.360
such as civil affairs.

00:19:24.360 --> 00:19:27.691
(CROWD SHOUTING)

00:19:27.691 --> 00:19:28.190
- No food!

00:19:28.190 --> 00:19:28.422
Take.

00:19:28.422 --> 00:19:29.120
Take.

00:19:29.120 --> 00:19:31.140
- He's now at the front line.

00:19:31.140 --> 00:19:34.760
I mean, he could cause
this thing to pass or fail.

00:19:34.760 --> 00:19:37.737
(CROWD CHANTING)

00:19:37.737 --> 00:19:39.195
We think it's very,
very important.

00:19:39.195 --> 00:19:40.970
And so I've got a
bunch of folks upstairs

00:19:40.970 --> 00:19:44.390
who suck everybody's brain dry.

00:19:44.390 --> 00:19:46.450
And things happen out
on the battlefield

00:19:46.450 --> 00:19:48.394
almost within the next 24 hours.

00:19:48.394 --> 00:19:50.864
(DRONING MUSIC PLAYING)

00:19:51.852 --> 00:19:54.816
(HELICOPTER BLADES WHIRRING)

00:19:54.816 --> 00:19:57.286
- Do your best to
clear in one direction.

00:19:57.286 --> 00:20:00.744
I'll be sending two forces
out to clear a route.

00:20:00.744 --> 00:20:02.720
You will bump into each other.

00:20:02.720 --> 00:20:03.708
Guarantee it.

00:20:03.708 --> 00:20:06.178
Not only that, it gives
the enemies no out.

00:20:06.178 --> 00:20:08.590
The key is for them
to go in there,

00:20:08.590 --> 00:20:11.780
establish a humanitarian
situation, few casualties.

00:20:11.780 --> 00:20:14.030
And there... a lot of times
there's language barriers.

00:20:14.030 --> 00:20:16.090
Occasionally they'll be
called names because...

00:20:16.090 --> 00:20:18.214
it's more psychological
warfare, kind of train them

00:20:18.214 --> 00:20:20.231
for that situation.

00:20:20.231 --> 00:20:22.700
In the civil war, we don't
wear Furzian uniforms

00:20:22.700 --> 00:20:24.390
and they don't wear
Boolean uniforms.

00:20:24.390 --> 00:20:26.550
The terrorists don't
wear any special uniform.

00:20:26.550 --> 00:20:28.420
So therefore, they have to
be able to go into a village

00:20:28.420 --> 00:20:30.586
and identify who's a friendly,
who's the unfriendly?

00:20:30.586 --> 00:20:33.770
Who's the Furzian, who's
the ... who's the Boolean...

00:20:33.770 --> 00:20:36.400
- Who's the Orange
and who's the Greens?

00:20:36.400 --> 00:20:38.350
- And the Orange and
the Greens, well, we're

00:20:38.350 --> 00:20:39.480
all from the land of Green.

00:20:41.026 --> 00:20:42.650
- A lot of them have
played Doom, a lot

00:20:42.650 --> 00:20:44.110
have played other video games.

00:20:44.110 --> 00:20:45.950
So there's an
intuitive sense of how

00:20:45.950 --> 00:20:49.700
video technology and
computer technology

00:20:49.700 --> 00:20:53.195
works that we probably wouldn't
have seen in their older

00:20:53.195 --> 00:20:54.320
brother's generation, even.

00:20:56.212 --> 00:20:57.920
- Do you ever worry
though that it'll get

00:20:57.920 --> 00:21:00.134
too much like a Nintendo game?

00:21:00.134 --> 00:21:02.300
- The way they're pushing
it, they're trying to push

00:21:02.300 --> 00:21:05.382
for the big... big
computer-generated thing,

00:21:05.382 --> 00:21:06.804
run you here and there.

00:21:06.804 --> 00:21:08.607
And to...

00:21:08.607 --> 00:21:10.440
basically like the
Aliens, off the Aliens...

00:21:10.440 --> 00:21:11.070
Space Marines.

00:21:11.070 --> 00:21:12.570
Future, technology,
all of them have

00:21:12.570 --> 00:21:13.232
their own computer-built things.

00:21:13.232 --> 00:21:15.642
That's what it's probably
eventually moving towards.

00:21:15.642 --> 00:21:18.180
But it'd be, you know, many
years before we see that.

00:21:18.180 --> 00:21:20.940
- You mean the Colonial
Marines, and Aliens?

00:21:20.940 --> 00:21:21.440
- Yeah.

00:21:21.440 --> 00:21:22.440
- Yeah, they were great.

00:21:22.440 --> 00:21:23.815
- Yeah, it was
interesting there.

00:21:23.815 --> 00:21:25.295
But what did they
learn from that?

00:21:25.295 --> 00:21:27.620
Platoon Commander sat
in the dang vehicle,

00:21:27.620 --> 00:21:29.469
wasn't out with his men.

00:21:29.469 --> 00:21:31.010
- That's why Ripley
had to take over.

00:21:31.010 --> 00:21:31.511
- Of course.

00:21:31.511 --> 00:21:33.010
You always need a
warrior somewhere,

00:21:33.010 --> 00:21:34.718
someone's that's not
afraid to get dirty.

00:21:34.718 --> 00:21:35.310
(LAUGHTER)

00:21:35.310 --> 00:21:38.122
Eventually we may need
that if it goes, you know,

00:21:38.122 --> 00:21:40.590
a big conflict like with
Saddam or something.

00:21:40.590 --> 00:21:44.069
(MUSIC PLAYING)

00:21:53.020 --> 00:21:55.640
- Today's contract signing
will establish a historic

00:21:55.640 --> 00:21:58.610
partnership between
the United States Army

00:21:58.610 --> 00:22:02.460
and California's world-renowned
entertainment, high-tech,

00:22:02.460 --> 00:22:04.390
and higher education
communities.

00:22:04.390 --> 00:22:07.140
And this project will
prepare America's soldiers

00:22:07.140 --> 00:22:10.030
for the diverse and
unusual military operations

00:22:10.030 --> 00:22:11.620
of the future.

00:22:11.620 --> 00:22:13.310
All in all, this
landmark venture

00:22:13.310 --> 00:22:16.560
will help us build a future
that is brighter, more

00:22:16.560 --> 00:22:19.849
prosperous, and more secure.

00:22:19.849 --> 00:22:21.390
Now if we could only
figure out a way

00:22:21.390 --> 00:22:24.500
to create a virtual Governor, I
could be in two places at once,

00:22:24.500 --> 00:22:26.766
and I would give you the
rest of the year off.

00:22:26.766 --> 00:22:29.250
(APPLAUSE)

00:22:29.250 --> 00:22:33.120
- This $45 million contract
will fund joint modeling

00:22:33.120 --> 00:22:37.250
and simulation technologies
research that has high-value

00:22:37.250 --> 00:22:41.440
applications for the Army as
well as for the entertainment,

00:22:41.440 --> 00:22:46.400
multimedia, video game,
film, destination theme park,

00:22:46.400 --> 00:22:49.850
and information technology
industries that are such a key

00:22:49.850 --> 00:22:52.570
part of California's economy.

00:22:52.570 --> 00:22:56.070
It will also enhance our
weapons acquisition process

00:22:56.070 --> 00:22:58.610
by allowing us to
test new doctrines

00:22:58.610 --> 00:23:00.800
in synthetic
environments that are

00:23:00.800 --> 00:23:03.950
populated with intelligent
agents and future threat

00:23:03.950 --> 00:23:05.680
challenges.

00:23:05.680 --> 00:23:07.750
- Most people in
America don't realize

00:23:07.750 --> 00:23:12.440
that we're on the
cusp of the inner edge

00:23:12.440 --> 00:23:15.670
of a revolutionary
advance, that it could only

00:23:15.670 --> 00:23:20.250
be compared with Gutenberg's
invention of movable type,

00:23:20.250 --> 00:23:23.030
and the emergence of
television itself.

00:23:23.030 --> 00:23:26.530
We are in the
binary number world,

00:23:26.530 --> 00:23:29.010
the world of virtual
reality, which

00:23:29.010 --> 00:23:31.000
is going to be
part of the embrace

00:23:31.000 --> 00:23:34.490
of this great new
cooperative venture.

00:23:34.490 --> 00:23:35.560
- Yes, sir?

00:23:35.560 --> 00:23:37.552
- James Der Derian
from Wired magazine.

00:23:37.552 --> 00:23:39.260
Is there any sort of
check and balance --

00:23:39.260 --> 00:23:42.480
an ethical check and balance
-- that when you pair together

00:23:42.480 --> 00:23:46.420
the power of Hollywood with
the power of technology,

00:23:46.420 --> 00:23:49.450
that we won't have something
like Wag The Dog down a line

00:23:49.450 --> 00:23:51.468
coming out of the USC center?

00:23:51.468 --> 00:23:52.962
(LAUGHTER)

00:23:52.962 --> 00:23:54.954
- As Jack is coming up
to respond to that...

00:23:54.954 --> 00:23:57.444
(LAUGHTER)

00:23:59.450 --> 00:24:00.970
- I... let me just
pick one comment.

00:24:00.970 --> 00:24:06.630
This ability to simulate
began in Greek theater.

00:24:06.630 --> 00:24:09.130
And one of the points
that Plato, Socrates makes

00:24:09.130 --> 00:24:11.960
over and over again
is that poets lie.

00:24:11.960 --> 00:24:15.145
Because it was so engaging
and so attractive,

00:24:15.145 --> 00:24:18.530
that it sometimes led people
astray from the truth.

00:24:18.530 --> 00:24:21.100
That's been true with
almost every sort

00:24:21.100 --> 00:24:23.080
of entertainment
medium ever developed

00:24:23.080 --> 00:24:24.640
on the face of the Earth.

00:24:24.640 --> 00:24:26.930
Now with that as a prelude...

00:24:26.930 --> 00:24:31.880
- I want to illuminate for
you a central truth that

00:24:31.880 --> 00:24:35.470
is existed today, and
the gentleman worried

00:24:35.470 --> 00:24:38.010
about Wag The Dog taking place.

00:24:38.010 --> 00:24:40.710
I think that what
will come out of this

00:24:40.710 --> 00:24:45.370
is a kind of a new
heightening of the superb

00:24:45.370 --> 00:24:47.700
efficiency of the fighting
men of this country.

00:24:47.700 --> 00:24:52.686
The digital era is on us, and
the era of virtual reality.

00:24:52.686 --> 00:24:56.510
It's going to reshape and
revise, in a radical way,

00:24:56.510 --> 00:24:59.670
the way information and
entertainment's being conveyed

00:24:59.670 --> 00:25:05.850
to us, and how you can use
it for urban planning as well

00:25:05.850 --> 00:25:08.150
as war planning.

00:25:08.150 --> 00:25:09.060
This is the future.

00:25:09.060 --> 00:25:10.730
Except, what you're
seeing now is

00:25:10.730 --> 00:25:12.160
going to be
primitive to what you

00:25:12.160 --> 00:25:13.750
see five, six years from now.

00:25:19.230 --> 00:25:22.080
- Once Silicon Valley,
broadcast TV, and Hollywood film

00:25:22.080 --> 00:25:25.980
were added to the mix, a
much worse threat emerged.

00:25:25.980 --> 00:25:28.370
Where made-for-TV wars
and Hollywood movies

00:25:28.370 --> 00:25:32.310
blur, military war games and
computer video games blend,

00:25:32.310 --> 00:25:34.270
mock disasters
and real accidents

00:25:34.270 --> 00:25:37.420
collide producing on
screen a new configuration

00:25:37.420 --> 00:25:39.060
of virtual power.

00:25:39.060 --> 00:25:41.910
Using computer simulations,
media dissimulations,

00:25:41.910 --> 00:25:44.636
global surveillance, and
network centric warfare,

00:25:44.636 --> 00:25:48.094
it deters, disciplines, and
if need be destroys the enemy

00:25:48.094 --> 00:25:48.760
from a distance.

00:25:52.360 --> 00:25:55.520
- With a 200 year history
of Industrial Age warfare,

00:25:55.520 --> 00:25:59.280
we now have the
opportunity to ask

00:25:59.280 --> 00:26:03.130
ourselves questions from an
Information Age perspective.

00:26:03.130 --> 00:26:11.170
If there were infinite speed
of technology proliferation,

00:26:11.170 --> 00:26:17.140
and infinite speed of
information proliferation,

00:26:17.140 --> 00:26:19.283
what kind of
attributes would I have

00:26:19.283 --> 00:26:23.226
to have to maintain a
competitive advantage?

00:26:23.226 --> 00:26:25.925
I do believe that, to a
certain considerable extent,

00:26:25.925 --> 00:26:29.220
the nation makes war
the way it makes wealth.

00:26:29.220 --> 00:26:33.051
And you're seeing a
restructuring of society

00:26:33.051 --> 00:26:34.980
with the Information Age.

00:26:34.980 --> 00:26:38.160
Part of the overhang
of the Industrial Age

00:26:38.160 --> 00:26:43.530
is to highly
integrate and optimize

00:26:43.530 --> 00:26:45.390
systems and subsystems.

00:26:45.390 --> 00:26:51.061
And in that, you create striking
systemic vulnerabilities.

00:26:51.061 --> 00:26:53.160
And you need an
organizing principle

00:26:53.160 --> 00:26:55.990
which is capable of
accommodating those.

00:26:55.990 --> 00:27:01.122
Network centric warfare is
such an organizing principle.

00:27:01.122 --> 00:27:04.040
There's an acceleration.

00:27:04.040 --> 00:27:08.220
And we should expect to
see that the acceleration

00:27:08.220 --> 00:27:13.440
in the adoption of
revolutionary concepts --

00:27:13.440 --> 00:27:17.410
we may in fact go
somewhat faster.

00:27:17.410 --> 00:27:19.670
But it's not clear.

00:27:19.670 --> 00:27:22.750
We may have not yet
reached the point

00:27:22.750 --> 00:27:26.460
where you've got the
profound acceleration.

00:27:26.460 --> 00:27:34.730
We may be lacking the catalyst
to that profound acceleration.

00:27:34.730 --> 00:27:36.560
But it will come.

00:27:36.560 --> 00:27:38.212
I think there's little doubt.

00:27:43.080 --> 00:27:45.782
- What about remote warfare?

00:27:45.782 --> 00:27:48.970
You know, fighting air wars
without the risk of losing

00:27:48.970 --> 00:27:50.930
pilots, using just
precision missiles...

00:27:50.930 --> 00:27:51.710
- Sure.

00:27:51.710 --> 00:27:52.210
Go ahead.

00:27:52.210 --> 00:27:52.710
Let's do it.

00:27:55.620 --> 00:27:56.680
- The downside...?

00:27:56.680 --> 00:27:59.840
- The downside is A, you
can't see what you're doing.

00:27:59.840 --> 00:28:01.702
B, you can't adjust as flexibly.

00:28:01.702 --> 00:28:03.160
Even though it
looks like it should

00:28:03.160 --> 00:28:06.810
be very easy to set up these
unmanned aircraft flying out

00:28:06.810 --> 00:28:07.404
there.

00:28:07.404 --> 00:28:09.320
"Why sir, you can put a
sensor suite on there.

00:28:09.320 --> 00:28:11.240
Listen, these things
are so good, they...

00:28:11.240 --> 00:28:15.540
I mean, you can buzz
that target at 15 Gs.

00:28:15.540 --> 00:28:17.980
You'll have your TV
camera in the back.

00:28:17.980 --> 00:28:19.590
It'll be phenomenal."

00:28:19.590 --> 00:28:22.860
Meanwhile, you got some
guy on the ground saying,

00:28:22.860 --> 00:28:25.780
"I can't follow this."

00:28:25.780 --> 00:28:28.070
It's like what we're
doing in Northern Iraq.

00:28:28.070 --> 00:28:29.550
Just flying aircraft
over, saying

00:28:29.550 --> 00:28:31.310
"Is anybody alive down there?

00:28:31.310 --> 00:28:33.492
Anybody at home?"

00:29:42.540 --> 00:29:45.450
- You asked about
science fiction.

00:29:45.450 --> 00:29:49.575
This is what I think is
the worst case scenario.

00:29:52.440 --> 00:29:56.810
We have a major
year 2000 problem.

00:29:56.810 --> 00:29:58.630
Not necessarily
major technically,

00:29:58.630 --> 00:30:00.809
but it may be major
in the way society

00:30:00.809 --> 00:30:01.850
chooses to respond to it.

00:30:08.760 --> 00:30:14.796
And it cascades, by virtue of
the increased globalization

00:30:14.796 --> 00:30:16.510
that we have.

00:30:16.510 --> 00:30:19.148
It cascades.

00:30:19.148 --> 00:30:22.214
And someone says, and
increasingly people

00:30:22.214 --> 00:30:26.705
say, "Fix this."

00:30:26.705 --> 00:30:31.560
Because we now have so
much of our quality of life

00:30:31.560 --> 00:30:37.692
depends on these things.

00:30:37.692 --> 00:30:41.750
And someone says,
"We can fix this.

00:30:41.750 --> 00:30:44.780
This can be fixed.

00:30:44.780 --> 00:30:47.100
There are, however,
some conventions

00:30:47.100 --> 00:30:51.000
that we have to
suspend in order to be

00:30:51.000 --> 00:30:58.698
able to do that, certain
elements of privacy rights."

00:30:58.698 --> 00:31:03.060
And pretty soon, we're
talking about things

00:31:03.060 --> 00:31:05.600
that today would bother
a whole lot of people

00:31:05.600 --> 00:31:09.750
because they seem to attack some
fundamentals in rule of law,

00:31:09.750 --> 00:31:10.905
even.

00:31:10.905 --> 00:31:12.830
- Posse Comitatus?

00:31:12.830 --> 00:31:14.245
- Yes.

00:31:14.245 --> 00:31:14.744
Yes.

00:31:17.950 --> 00:31:23.480
And the people say,
'Well, I can accept that.

00:31:23.480 --> 00:31:27.120
I can accept that to
reestablish the order

00:31:27.120 --> 00:31:31.670
in my quality of life."

00:31:31.670 --> 00:31:34.000
I think that's a
Doomsday scenario.

00:31:42.550 --> 00:31:45.300
- Before 9/11 and
after 9/11, it's

00:31:45.300 --> 00:31:48.400
as if whole histories, critical
questions, and future hopes

00:31:48.400 --> 00:31:51.500
disappeared into
this temporal rift.

00:31:51.500 --> 00:31:57.020
Lost in between was a credible
story of what happened and why.

00:31:57.020 --> 00:31:58.750
Earlier administrations,
including

00:31:58.750 --> 00:32:02.230
Clinton's, operationalized the
revolution in military affairs.

00:32:02.230 --> 00:32:03.940
They promoted a
vision of bloodless,

00:32:03.940 --> 00:32:07.360
humanitarian, hygienic wars.

00:32:07.360 --> 00:32:12.700
Post 9/11, Bush's inner circle
radically upped the ante.

00:32:12.700 --> 00:32:15.600
After a remote aerial war
fought by Predator drones

00:32:15.600 --> 00:32:17.340
in Afghanistan,
breathless reports

00:32:17.340 --> 00:32:20.140
by journalists traversing
the deserts with the troops,

00:32:20.140 --> 00:32:23.546
and Defense Department briefings
of shock and awe over Baghdad,

00:32:23.546 --> 00:32:25.295
color commentary and
the shades of opinion

00:32:25.295 --> 00:32:26.980
were reduced to the
night-scope green

00:32:26.980 --> 00:32:29.330
of videophone
verite in the desert

00:32:29.330 --> 00:32:31.439
and red, white and
blue in the studios.

00:32:31.439 --> 00:32:31.980
- Let him go.

00:32:31.980 --> 00:32:33.380
He came to get help.

00:32:35.683 --> 00:32:37.766
- So it doesn't have to
end badly, in other words?

00:32:37.766 --> 00:32:39.495
- No, it doesn't
have to end badly.

00:32:39.495 --> 00:32:41.494
And that's what we're
trying to get them to see.

00:32:41.494 --> 00:32:44.226
There's alternate means
besides just lighting them up.

00:32:44.226 --> 00:32:46.721
(GUNSHOTS)

00:32:47.719 --> 00:32:49.216
- They took it as
hostile intent.

00:32:53.220 --> 00:32:54.610
- It killed nine people.

00:32:54.610 --> 00:32:59.140
There was a couple innocent
bystanders that were killed.

00:32:59.140 --> 00:33:00.930
That might start a protest.

00:33:00.930 --> 00:33:03.857
Now, you've just changed the
whole direction of the camp.

00:33:05.845 --> 00:33:07.833
We're going to a danger zone.

00:33:07.833 --> 00:33:09.766
We're going to a war zone.

00:33:09.766 --> 00:33:12.057
And I don't think they're
going to be too friendly when

00:33:12.057 --> 00:33:14.294
we get there.

00:33:14.294 --> 00:33:16.779
We're America's 911 force.

00:33:16.779 --> 00:33:19.264
We go where they want us to go.

00:33:22.743 --> 00:33:25.150
- A fearful symmetry
was also at work

00:33:25.150 --> 00:33:28.560
at an unconscious,
possibly pathological level

00:33:28.560 --> 00:33:32.410
a war of escalating, competing,
and imitative oppositions.

00:33:32.410 --> 00:33:33.958
A mimetic war of images.

00:33:57.540 --> 00:33:59.120
My travels in
virtuality ended where

00:33:59.120 --> 00:34:03.710
they began over a decade ago, in
the sands of the Mojave Desert.

00:34:03.710 --> 00:34:05.300
The revolution in
military affairs

00:34:05.300 --> 00:34:07.570
had met its bitter end in
the streets of Fallujah

00:34:07.570 --> 00:34:10.060
and elsewhere in
Iraq and Afghanistan.

00:34:10.060 --> 00:34:14.050
Now it was a counterinsurgency,
an occupation.

00:34:14.050 --> 00:34:15.719
(SPEAKING ARABIC)

00:34:16.915 --> 00:34:17.540
- Good morning.

00:34:17.540 --> 00:34:19.830
Welcome to 1st
Battalion, 25th Marines.

00:34:19.830 --> 00:34:27.540
- We're in a different war than
Operation Iraqi Freedom 2003.

00:34:27.540 --> 00:34:30.130
- How do they tell
friends from enemies?

00:34:30.130 --> 00:34:32.719
- Sometimes it's very
difficult. And the marines have

00:34:32.719 --> 00:34:35.320
to be able to basically
ratchet it down, if you will,

00:34:35.320 --> 00:34:36.949
to deal with civilians.

00:34:36.949 --> 00:34:38.699
And then ratchet
it back up, realize

00:34:38.699 --> 00:34:41.370
there's always a bad guy lurking
in the background somewhere.

00:34:47.474 --> 00:34:48.265
- We need security!

00:34:51.193 --> 00:34:53.145
(INDISTINCT SHOUTING)

00:34:56.073 --> 00:34:58.513
(GUNSHOTS)

00:34:58.513 --> 00:35:02.025
- We have a total of, I
think, 50 titans that are

00:35:02.025 --> 00:35:02.650
Iraqi-American.

00:35:06.414 --> 00:35:08.080
- Do you know what's
going on right now?

00:35:08.080 --> 00:35:11.012
- Uh, casualty procedures.

00:35:11.012 --> 00:35:11.970
- An IED just went off?

00:35:14.772 --> 00:35:15.760
- Report an ambush.

00:35:15.760 --> 00:35:17.813
Two commanders down ...

00:35:17.813 --> 00:35:19.745
deal with the ambush.

00:35:19.745 --> 00:35:22.259
Everybody understand
why we did that?

00:35:22.259 --> 00:35:24.092
We're gonna talk about
continuous actions --

00:35:24.092 --> 00:35:25.640
my favorite.

00:35:25.640 --> 00:35:27.473
It's all about moving
towards the objective.

00:35:27.473 --> 00:35:28.922
Can't get too fancy out here.

00:35:28.922 --> 00:35:30.320
We're talking about
dispersion of speeds.

00:35:30.320 --> 00:35:32.040
Formation, the main one
we're going to focus on here

00:35:32.040 --> 00:35:33.718
is the 360 inside the building.

00:35:33.718 --> 00:35:34.218
All right.

00:35:34.218 --> 00:35:36.057
I wish you all the best of luck.

00:35:36.057 --> 00:35:37.140
Take care of your Marines.

00:35:37.140 --> 00:35:39.431
Don't let them get complacent,
and stay on top of them.

00:35:39.431 --> 00:35:40.005
Good luck.

00:35:40.005 --> 00:35:40.505
Good luck.

00:35:40.505 --> 00:35:40.996
- Appreciate it.

00:35:40.996 --> 00:35:41.496
- Good luck.

00:36:03.590 --> 00:36:06.150
- Today, I can say
that our troops in Iraq

00:36:06.150 --> 00:36:11.800
will definitely be
home for the holidays.

00:36:11.800 --> 00:36:15.400
This December will be a time
to reflect on all that we've

00:36:15.400 --> 00:36:17.219
been through in this war.

00:36:17.219 --> 00:36:18.844
- We were told it
would be a quick war,

00:36:18.844 --> 00:36:21.796
and that we would be
greeted as liberators.

00:36:21.796 --> 00:36:25.240
- We frequently use the
military instruments of power

00:36:25.240 --> 00:36:26.716
as the default instrument.

00:36:26.716 --> 00:36:29.390
We're not very good at using
the other instruments of policy.

00:36:29.390 --> 00:36:31.732
- We are still living
in a state of war.

00:36:31.732 --> 00:36:34.190
This is the longest period that
the United States has lived

00:36:34.190 --> 00:36:38.286
in such a situation --
longer than the Civil War,

00:36:38.286 --> 00:36:39.750
World War I, or World War II.

00:36:55.050 --> 00:36:56.600
- War is a complex phenomenon.

00:36:56.600 --> 00:36:58.230
It's a realm of accidents.

00:36:58.230 --> 00:37:00.740
If something can go
wrong, it will go wrong.

00:37:00.740 --> 00:37:03.500
It should always be the last
resort, instead of the first.

00:37:03.500 --> 00:37:05.201
All of the hopes at
the end of the Cold

00:37:05.201 --> 00:37:07.388
War, what happened to them?

00:37:07.388 --> 00:37:10.790
If we don't learn, it
could be the last word.

00:37:10.790 --> 00:37:12.960
After going through
decades of footage,

00:37:12.960 --> 00:37:15.561
there was still one tape left
that we couldn't figure out

00:37:15.561 --> 00:37:16.060
at all.

00:37:20.530 --> 00:37:22.480
- This is the worst
worst case scenario.

00:37:22.480 --> 00:37:26.430
This cascading events and the
negative synergy of networks

00:37:26.430 --> 00:37:28.746
means that this stuff
can ripple through.

00:37:28.746 --> 00:37:30.726
We've seen it in the
financial markets,

00:37:30.726 --> 00:37:32.225
we've seen it in
political networks.

00:37:32.225 --> 00:37:32.967
It happens fast.

00:37:32.967 --> 00:37:34.560
And it's not predictable.

00:37:36.740 --> 00:37:39.562
- Regimes similar to Ben Ali's
will be watching very closely.

00:37:39.562 --> 00:37:41.311
- These boundaries,
as you well know Wolf,

00:37:41.311 --> 00:37:43.746
were drawn by the British
and French after World War I.

00:37:43.746 --> 00:37:48.320
So the whole state system of the
Middle East is coming unglued.

00:37:48.320 --> 00:37:50.680
- Stability has
left the building.

00:37:50.680 --> 00:37:55.070
From 9/11 to 11/9, to 2/11,
this desire for stability

00:37:55.070 --> 00:37:57.390
increases the volatility.

00:37:57.390 --> 00:38:00.974
It suppresses one of the
most transformative forces

00:38:00.974 --> 00:38:03.070
until they reach
a boiling point.

00:38:03.070 --> 00:38:04.420
Until they erupt.

00:38:04.420 --> 00:38:07.192
- There are worries that the
unrest is going to spread.

00:38:07.192 --> 00:38:09.650
And that certainly has negative
implications for the world.

00:38:09.650 --> 00:38:10.865
- And that does lead
to that next question.

00:38:10.865 --> 00:38:11.656
Is this contagious?

00:38:11.656 --> 00:38:13.034
And where could it go next?

00:38:13.034 --> 00:38:15.584
- We have the contagion with
the sovereign debt issue.

00:38:15.584 --> 00:38:17.962
Now we're having a contagion
issue with the North Africa

00:38:17.962 --> 00:38:18.462
countries.

00:38:18.462 --> 00:38:19.240
- What's plan B?

00:38:19.240 --> 00:38:20.734
- What is plan B?

00:38:20.734 --> 00:38:21.728
- That's right.

00:38:21.728 --> 00:38:22.228
- Pray.

00:38:25.216 --> 00:38:27.706
- If people don't pay
attention, don't wake up,

00:38:27.706 --> 00:38:30.196
that's when the zombies come.

00:38:30.196 --> 00:38:31.192
This is what happens.

00:39:07.080 --> 00:39:08.970
- It was the victory
of the United States

00:39:08.970 --> 00:39:13.330
over the Soviet Union,
NATO over the Warsaw Pact,

00:39:13.330 --> 00:39:14.990
democracy over communism.

00:39:14.990 --> 00:39:16.990
We can use all these things.

00:39:16.990 --> 00:39:22.890
But the most important in these
things, not the celebration,

00:39:22.890 --> 00:39:24.790
but lessons.

00:39:24.790 --> 00:39:27.310
- In the wake of
the Cold War, there

00:39:27.310 --> 00:39:32.060
was a belief that a whole
set of global problems

00:39:32.060 --> 00:39:35.820
were now amenable to resolution.

00:39:35.820 --> 00:39:39.240
It was believed, correctly, that
the Cold War had exacerbated

00:39:39.240 --> 00:39:40.980
a lot of regional conflicts.

00:39:40.980 --> 00:39:42.880
This was a time of
enormous optimism.

00:39:42.880 --> 00:39:45.170
President Bush --
this is the father --

00:39:45.170 --> 00:39:46.920
talked about a new world order.

00:39:46.920 --> 00:39:51.140
- A world where the rule of
law, not the law of the jungle,

00:39:51.140 --> 00:39:54.150
governs the conduct of nations.

00:39:54.150 --> 00:39:56.190
When we are successful,
and we will be,

00:39:56.190 --> 00:39:57.190
we have a real chance...

00:39:57.190 --> 00:39:59.770
- There was a sense that
this was the end of history.

00:39:59.770 --> 00:40:03.010
But the Cold War left
behind a whole set

00:40:03.010 --> 00:40:07.970
of explosive, dangerous
problems which we're still

00:40:07.970 --> 00:40:09.760
wrestling with to this day.

00:40:09.760 --> 00:40:14.060
- Cold War was not only
about the confrontation

00:40:14.060 --> 00:40:15.830
between democracy and communism.

00:40:15.830 --> 00:40:19.760
It was also confrontation
between two superpowers.

00:40:19.760 --> 00:40:22.010
And one superpower disappeared.

00:40:22.010 --> 00:40:27.690
So it was no real
enemy, so you have

00:40:27.690 --> 00:40:31.520
to change your
understanding of the world.

00:40:31.520 --> 00:40:33.370
But it is very
difficult because it

00:40:33.370 --> 00:40:35.930
was stable rules
of the Cold War,

00:40:35.930 --> 00:40:37.940
you're making your
military build up.

00:40:37.940 --> 00:40:40.460
You know who is your enemy.

00:40:40.460 --> 00:40:44.790
You're more or less sure this
enemy will not attack you,

00:40:44.790 --> 00:40:47.460
and the enemy know that
you will not attack them.

00:40:47.460 --> 00:40:49.100
But you have to be ready.

00:40:49.100 --> 00:40:56.040
And you're able to control your
own people around this idea.

00:40:56.040 --> 00:40:59.740
And then when this
adversary disappeared,

00:40:59.740 --> 00:41:01.120
you're looking like stray.

00:41:01.120 --> 00:41:02.420
You're lost.

00:41:02.420 --> 00:41:06.000
- Suddenly, with the
thawing of the Cold War,

00:41:06.000 --> 00:41:09.840
any global enemy had vanished.

00:41:09.840 --> 00:41:13.650
And we know that
as early as 1997,

00:41:13.650 --> 00:41:16.050
many elements in the
neocon establishment

00:41:16.050 --> 00:41:17.600
were wanting to invade Iraq.

00:41:17.600 --> 00:41:21.490
But there was no rationale with
which to sell such an invasion

00:41:21.490 --> 00:41:23.280
to the US public.

00:41:23.280 --> 00:41:26.650
- It was not only in
the United States.

00:41:26.650 --> 00:41:29.560
It was all over the world,
including the former Soviet

00:41:29.560 --> 00:41:31.110
Union and Russia.

00:41:31.110 --> 00:41:34.555
You're looking for the new
enemy whom you will fight.

00:41:34.555 --> 00:41:37.700
And you are not thinking
that the world changed.

00:41:37.700 --> 00:41:40.950
- The biggest problem
that... during the Cold War,

00:41:40.950 --> 00:41:45.800
we rely on our military
strengths on the both sides,

00:41:45.800 --> 00:41:49.140
thinking, if we're stronger,
then we will be more

00:41:49.140 --> 00:41:51.080
victorious.

00:41:51.080 --> 00:41:54.340
Spending resources
for some weapons

00:41:54.340 --> 00:41:56.210
that you don't know how to use.

00:41:56.210 --> 00:41:59.550
At the end of the Cold
War, it is simple example.

00:41:59.550 --> 00:42:03.440
Soviet Union built 50,000 tanks.

00:42:03.440 --> 00:42:04.780
So what happened?

00:42:04.780 --> 00:42:09.090
Now they rusted, these tanks,
in the swamps of Siberia.

00:42:09.090 --> 00:42:12.450
- We now have a new era, which
we call the "war on terror."

00:42:12.450 --> 00:42:15.149
But as in the Cold
War, we are once again

00:42:15.149 --> 00:42:17.190
in the business of
intervening in the third world

00:42:17.190 --> 00:42:20.600
to establish client states
who will do our bidding.

00:42:20.600 --> 00:42:24.190
And a major part of establishing
these client states who are

00:42:24.190 --> 00:42:26.690
aligned with our interests --
not the interests of their own

00:42:26.690 --> 00:42:30.090
populations -- is to make
sure they have robust security

00:42:30.090 --> 00:42:33.650
forces for counter insurgency,
for putting down resistance

00:42:33.650 --> 00:42:34.570
to the state.

00:42:34.570 --> 00:42:38.440
And this is, of course, the
classic mode of US intervention

00:42:38.440 --> 00:42:40.764
in the third world
during the Cold War.

00:42:40.764 --> 00:42:42.930
We've recreated that world,
we've only done it under

00:42:42.930 --> 00:42:45.346
a different frame -- this frame
being the frame of the war

00:42:45.346 --> 00:42:48.580
on terror, rather than
the war against communism.

00:42:48.580 --> 00:42:51.270
- Part of the blowback, as
it were, of the covert war

00:42:51.270 --> 00:42:53.580
that the United States fought
against the Soviet Union

00:42:53.580 --> 00:42:56.350
in the last phase
of the Cold War

00:42:56.350 --> 00:42:59.690
was the creation of these
monsters, who continue

00:42:59.690 --> 00:43:00.855
to haunt us to this day.

00:43:00.855 --> 00:43:02.480
The United States is
basically fighting

00:43:02.480 --> 00:43:05.520
a war against the
remnants in Afghanistan

00:43:05.520 --> 00:43:09.260
of the very forces that the
United States itself funded,

00:43:09.260 --> 00:43:12.590
supported, armed, trained,
and in some cases, created.

00:43:12.590 --> 00:43:14.880
So Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
and his group,

00:43:14.880 --> 00:43:19.920
the Haqqani network, and other
elements of the Taliban regime

00:43:19.920 --> 00:43:22.280
are, in fact, groups that
the United States supported

00:43:22.280 --> 00:43:25.100
for many, many years
during the Jihad

00:43:25.100 --> 00:43:27.010
against the Soviet occupation.

00:43:27.010 --> 00:43:29.490
They didn't come out of nowhere.

00:43:29.490 --> 00:43:33.020
These are the ghosts
of the Cold War.

00:43:33.020 --> 00:43:36.010
- Whether it's Afghanistan
and Pakistan, to Darfur,

00:43:36.010 --> 00:43:37.850
to Palestine, all
of these countries

00:43:37.850 --> 00:43:39.260
are overlaid with
different kinds

00:43:39.260 --> 00:43:41.750
of historical interventions.

00:43:41.750 --> 00:43:43.890
It is impossible to
understand Afghanistan

00:43:43.890 --> 00:43:45.510
or the violence in
Afghanistan today

00:43:45.510 --> 00:43:48.550
without understanding the role
of the United States, of Iran,

00:43:48.550 --> 00:43:49.900
of the Soviet Union.

00:43:49.900 --> 00:43:52.240
Or, similarly, of
Pakistan putting money

00:43:52.240 --> 00:43:54.160
into the military, the
particular alliances

00:43:54.160 --> 00:43:57.450
that the Pakistani elite
made during all those decades

00:43:57.450 --> 00:43:58.550
of the Cold War.

00:43:58.550 --> 00:44:00.380
So, many problems
that we now see

00:44:00.380 --> 00:44:02.926
as being within national borders
are across national borders,

00:44:02.926 --> 00:44:04.675
across territorial,
are regional problems.

00:44:06.930 --> 00:44:09.450
- One of the biggest
shifts that happened

00:44:09.450 --> 00:44:11.550
after the end of
the Cold War was

00:44:11.550 --> 00:44:17.090
that the self/other dynamic that
was at the heart of the Cold

00:44:17.090 --> 00:44:19.280
War, then disappeared.

00:44:19.280 --> 00:44:22.280
And in the 1990s, perhaps
particularly in Europe,

00:44:22.280 --> 00:44:26.942
you saw the sort of first sense
that it could be different,

00:44:26.942 --> 00:44:28.650
that you could actually
have a world that

00:44:28.650 --> 00:44:32.160
would be fundamentally
different in terms of security,

00:44:32.160 --> 00:44:35.560
perhaps the end of security.

00:44:35.560 --> 00:44:38.740
Then you have the Iraqi
invasion of Kuwait,

00:44:38.740 --> 00:44:41.480
and you have the
first Gulf War in '91.

00:44:41.480 --> 00:44:43.750
But also, I think,
significantly in Europe,

00:44:43.750 --> 00:44:47.950
you had the wars in the Balkans,
and reaching back to a concept

00:44:47.950 --> 00:44:49.540
of the Balkans --
and particularly,

00:44:49.540 --> 00:44:54.970
a Balkanization that comes
into Western vocabulary

00:44:54.970 --> 00:44:59.890
in the 1920s, in the wake of
World War I. So in that sense,

00:44:59.890 --> 00:45:03.000
you get a more complex
political terrain for the West

00:45:03.000 --> 00:45:04.440
to maneuver in.

00:45:04.440 --> 00:45:09.000
The big question then becomes,
after 9/11, what do we see?

00:45:14.250 --> 00:45:18.620
- The end of the Cold War and
the attacks of September 11

00:45:18.620 --> 00:45:22.520
mark the dawn of another new
era in international relations,

00:45:22.520 --> 00:45:26.010
an era whose challenges may
be unprecedented in complexity

00:45:26.010 --> 00:45:28.210
and scope.

00:45:28.210 --> 00:45:31.807
In important respects, the great
struggles of the 20th century

00:45:31.807 --> 00:45:35.680
-- World War I, World War
II, and the Cold War --

00:45:35.680 --> 00:45:39.590
covered over conflicts that had
boiled and seethed and provoked

00:45:39.590 --> 00:45:41.620
war and instability.

00:45:41.620 --> 00:45:45.360
These old hatreds and
conflicts were buried alive

00:45:45.360 --> 00:45:48.030
during and after the Great War.

00:45:48.030 --> 00:45:50.090
But like monsters
in science fiction,

00:45:50.090 --> 00:45:51.645
they have returned
from the grave

00:45:51.645 --> 00:45:55.480
to threaten peace and
stability around the world.

00:45:55.480 --> 00:45:58.560
So history was not dead at
the end of the Cold War.

00:45:58.560 --> 00:46:01.930
Instead, it was reawakening
with a vengeance.

00:46:01.930 --> 00:46:04.040
And the revived
monsters of the past

00:46:04.040 --> 00:46:07.330
have returned far stronger and
more dangerous than before.

00:46:13.566 --> 00:46:16.190
- It's all of a sudden, we just
jumped out of the mental model.

00:46:16.190 --> 00:46:20.200
There was no mental
model to deal with this.

00:46:20.200 --> 00:46:24.700
- They're coming quicker, and
they're bundling together.

00:46:24.700 --> 00:46:28.445
So it's both more
overwhelming, and we

00:46:28.445 --> 00:46:30.887
have less time to react to it.

00:46:30.887 --> 00:46:33.220
- There's a disjunction here
-- not only of the material

00:46:33.220 --> 00:46:36.302
culture and language, but
a disjunction in time.

00:46:36.302 --> 00:46:38.180
This is going back
to the 11th century.

00:46:38.180 --> 00:46:41.390
Or is it, in fact, some super
postmodern vision of the world?

00:46:41.390 --> 00:46:44.280
- It was a sense we did
not know who the enemy was.

00:46:44.280 --> 00:46:45.840
But it was out there somewhere.

00:46:45.840 --> 00:46:48.121
- When I went over
there, it was like...

00:46:48.121 --> 00:46:49.662
you know, it's not
like you just went

00:46:49.662 --> 00:46:51.155
to another part of the Earth.

00:46:51.155 --> 00:46:54.710
I thought, like, in some ways
I was going to another planet.

00:46:54.710 --> 00:46:55.989
And it was really weird.

00:46:55.989 --> 00:46:57.280
- These are not wars to be won.

00:46:57.280 --> 00:46:58.450
They got no state lines.

00:46:58.450 --> 00:46:59.830
They got no state agents.

00:46:59.830 --> 00:47:02.205
They have no... nobody
to make a treaty with.

00:47:02.205 --> 00:47:05.660
- War will not
resolve this problem.

00:47:05.660 --> 00:47:08.461
It will make relief
-- temporary relief.

00:47:08.461 --> 00:47:11.430
And then this problem will
grow and grow, grow --

00:47:11.430 --> 00:47:13.910
as happened with
the Berlin Wall.

00:47:13.910 --> 00:47:17.150
And then, maybe, it
will be too late.

00:47:17.150 --> 00:47:20.210
- They are in a
legal no man's land

00:47:20.210 --> 00:47:23.960
within the legal sovereign
territory of the United States.

00:47:23.960 --> 00:47:27.008
- These are people
and institutions

00:47:27.008 --> 00:47:30.830
that somehow exist and don't
exist at the same time.

00:47:30.830 --> 00:47:35.815
So then it's kind of in between
dead, alive, spectral kind

00:47:35.815 --> 00:47:37.165
of zone.

00:47:37.165 --> 00:47:38.714
- And you see it
time and time again.

00:47:38.714 --> 00:47:39.880
"You know, we'll lose a few.

00:47:39.880 --> 00:47:41.020
But that's OK.

00:47:41.020 --> 00:47:42.180
We're OK with that.

00:47:42.180 --> 00:47:44.860
We need to get to
this objective."

00:47:44.860 --> 00:47:47.135
- Things that we would
define in ordinary experience

00:47:47.135 --> 00:47:52.350
as cruel or atrocity
could be made legal.

00:47:52.350 --> 00:47:53.670
- They're free and independent.

00:47:53.670 --> 00:47:56.450
But they're not as free and
independent as other places.

00:47:56.450 --> 00:47:58.830
And we find ways of
justifying interventions

00:47:58.830 --> 00:48:00.294
into those places.

00:48:02.250 --> 00:48:06.470
- They basically operate best
when there is a failed state.

00:48:06.470 --> 00:48:07.910
- They view them as tourists.

00:48:07.910 --> 00:48:10.100
And that's more a
comment on the kind

00:48:10.100 --> 00:48:12.930
of work they feel they're
doing, which isn't very much.

00:48:12.930 --> 00:48:15.340
It says, you know, these are
not political intervention.

00:48:15.340 --> 00:48:16.790
This is not a colonial takeover.

00:48:16.790 --> 00:48:18.710
This is not an act of war.

00:48:18.710 --> 00:48:21.270
- They found themselves
presiding over a very

00:48:21.270 --> 00:48:22.780
far-from-liberal society.

00:48:22.780 --> 00:48:25.250
And effectively, as the
whole thing unraveled,

00:48:25.250 --> 00:48:26.470
presiding over a civil war.

00:48:26.470 --> 00:48:29.305
- All resistance was
militarized, and seen as evil,

00:48:29.305 --> 00:48:31.430
and had to be crushed.

00:48:31.430 --> 00:48:33.330
- Citizens are
presented with signs

00:48:33.330 --> 00:48:35.690
that there is a violent world
out there that has nothing

00:48:35.690 --> 00:48:37.750
to do with American politics.

00:48:37.750 --> 00:48:42.365
- The vast majority of Americans
are just eager to put the war

00:48:42.365 --> 00:48:45.261
in their rear-view mirror,
and forget about it.

00:48:45.261 --> 00:48:46.760
- When I came back
from Afghanistan,

00:48:46.760 --> 00:48:50.110
I was pretty much just left.

00:48:50.110 --> 00:48:50.610
That was it.

00:48:50.610 --> 00:48:51.584
Turn in your weapon.

00:48:51.584 --> 00:48:52.558
And that was it.

00:48:52.558 --> 00:48:53.532
It was over.

00:48:53.532 --> 00:48:55.967
- You cannot sit down,
look at things happening,

00:48:55.967 --> 00:48:58.900
and you don't do
anything about it.

00:48:58.900 --> 00:49:00.630
- So you have a
situation where people

00:49:00.630 --> 00:49:02.090
are, in effect, in limbo.

00:49:02.090 --> 00:49:03.950
They don't control
most important aspects

00:49:03.950 --> 00:49:05.040
of their lives.

00:49:05.040 --> 00:49:06.830
- All of this was not necessary.

00:49:06.830 --> 00:49:09.714
There is no justification
for these acts.

00:49:09.714 --> 00:49:11.642
- You want to fight
terror by killing people?

00:49:11.642 --> 00:49:12.505
That's terror.

00:49:12.505 --> 00:49:14.354
- Sometimes even
they will not know

00:49:14.354 --> 00:49:16.270
whom they have killed,
especially with weapons

00:49:16.270 --> 00:49:17.640
being used from a distance.

00:49:17.640 --> 00:49:20.340
- We only see the buildings.

00:49:20.340 --> 00:49:23.800
But we can't actually perceive
the bodies laying down below.

00:49:23.800 --> 00:49:25.780
- What we're now
concerned with is simply

00:49:25.780 --> 00:49:28.650
reducing the entire country
to a series of targets.

00:49:28.650 --> 00:49:30.880
- It's not that the resistance
is going to go away.

00:49:30.880 --> 00:49:32.862
It will just mutate.

00:49:32.862 --> 00:49:34.820
- I don't think the crisis
is going to go away.

00:49:34.820 --> 00:49:37.410
I think what they've done is
put a lot of sticking plaster

00:49:37.410 --> 00:49:37.993
on the wounds.

00:49:38.949 --> 00:49:40.490
- People are sick
of not having jobs.

00:49:40.490 --> 00:49:42.972
People are sick of being
underpaid and overworked.

00:49:42.972 --> 00:49:44.680
- They're all interlinked,
whether you're

00:49:44.680 --> 00:49:47.490
looking at the Middle East,
or Africa, or Latin America.

00:49:47.490 --> 00:49:49.170
- Just imagine,
they have companies

00:49:49.170 --> 00:49:53.258
going out there and paying
people a dollar a day.

00:49:53.258 --> 00:49:56.400
- It sounded good
at the beginning --

00:49:56.400 --> 00:49:58.910
the idea of getting
free from the rules.

00:49:58.910 --> 00:50:03.100
- There was, for a while, a kind
of privatization of the future.

00:50:03.100 --> 00:50:06.260
- When one privatizes
so much, government

00:50:06.260 --> 00:50:09.180
is unable to function to deal
with the lives of the people.

00:50:09.180 --> 00:50:11.662
- We're just getting to
grips with what we've built.

00:50:11.662 --> 00:50:14.037
And what we've built has become
more concentrated because

00:50:14.037 --> 00:50:15.250
of the financial crisis.

00:50:15.250 --> 00:50:18.250
We've gone from too big to
fail to too big to bail.

00:50:18.250 --> 00:50:20.248
- And so there's a
terrible haunting

00:50:20.248 --> 00:50:24.460
feeling that we brought
a disaster on ourselves.

00:50:24.460 --> 00:50:28.366
- And it seemed to be a kind
of shared hallucination.

00:50:28.366 --> 00:50:30.651
- They want to make it
come out right again.

00:50:30.651 --> 00:50:34.060
But it's a dead bad
idea walking again.

00:50:34.060 --> 00:50:36.160
- We feel that we
are running out

00:50:36.160 --> 00:50:38.955
of time, both ecologically
and economically.

00:50:44.110 --> 00:50:45.610
- It's called "the
endless present."

00:50:45.610 --> 00:50:47.450
The endless present
in a sense is

00:50:47.450 --> 00:50:49.413
a place without past, future.

00:50:49.413 --> 00:50:50.829
The endless present
is a time that

00:50:50.829 --> 00:50:52.980
condenses all times within it.

00:50:52.980 --> 00:50:54.732
- It really wants
to be a kind of life

00:50:54.732 --> 00:50:57.386
where life becomes existence.

00:50:57.386 --> 00:50:59.200
Like, life does
not become livable.

00:50:59.200 --> 00:51:02.360
- And there's a very strong
sense in all of this,

00:51:02.360 --> 00:51:04.610
people become... they're
desperate and dispirited with

00:51:04.610 --> 00:51:05.947
the idea of government.

00:51:05.947 --> 00:51:08.280
- Fear is the most powerful
motivator in world politics.

00:51:08.280 --> 00:51:09.960
So if there's a
fear of the undead,

00:51:09.960 --> 00:51:12.282
there will be overkill in
every sense of the word.

00:51:12.282 --> 00:51:14.637
- We haven't dealt
with such issues.

00:51:14.637 --> 00:51:19.030
And until we deal with
them, we are stuck.

00:51:19.030 --> 00:51:20.680
- Now, not only is
unemployment high

00:51:20.680 --> 00:51:23.920
after the global recession,
food prices are also up.

00:51:23.920 --> 00:51:26.430
High prices and joblessness
equal, well, misery.

00:51:26.430 --> 00:51:30.140
For each of them it doesn't
even tell half the story.

00:51:30.140 --> 00:51:32.840
- Iraq may have become a
low level conflict that

00:51:32.840 --> 00:51:36.670
will continue to claim this
many civilian lives for years

00:51:36.670 --> 00:51:37.170
to come.

00:51:37.170 --> 00:51:39.380
- It's very hard to
see any sort of way

00:51:39.380 --> 00:51:41.660
forward for this country.

00:51:41.660 --> 00:51:43.820
- One woman told us it
feels like martial law here,

00:51:43.820 --> 00:51:46.250
with people bolted inside
their homes after dark.

00:51:46.250 --> 00:51:49.023
- It's like Armageddon
or something.

00:51:49.023 --> 00:51:51.630
They... they just forgot
about us, you know?

00:51:51.630 --> 00:51:52.810
How are we to survive?

00:51:52.810 --> 00:51:55.390
- They're beaten,
they're resigned.

00:51:55.390 --> 00:51:56.100
- OK.

00:51:56.100 --> 00:51:57.909
- Someone said
we're like zombies.

00:51:57.909 --> 00:51:58.950
- Like zombies in Greece.

00:51:58.950 --> 00:52:00.524
- We've just taken too much.

00:52:00.524 --> 00:52:02.690
- Suzanne, thank you for
helping us just sort of put

00:52:02.690 --> 00:52:03.523
that in perspective.

00:52:03.523 --> 00:52:11.340
- The zombie represents a fuzzy
unclarity, where you are not...

00:52:11.340 --> 00:52:17.490
neither going forward, and
since going backwards is not

00:52:17.490 --> 00:52:20.690
possible, then you are stuck.

00:52:20.690 --> 00:52:25.920
And unfortunately, poor
populations in this world,

00:52:25.920 --> 00:52:28.690
we are in that kind of place.

00:52:28.690 --> 00:52:29.990
That's a zombification.

00:52:33.150 --> 00:52:35.540
- So "zombie" here
functions for me something

00:52:35.540 --> 00:52:38.540
like recognizing we're in
a period of interregnum,

00:52:38.540 --> 00:52:40.263
you know, or a
period of transition.

00:52:40.263 --> 00:52:41.652
That the...

00:52:44.817 --> 00:52:46.733
that the past has already
died, and the future

00:52:46.733 --> 00:52:47.700
hasn't been born.

00:52:47.700 --> 00:52:50.050
And that's why the
zombies fill that space.

00:52:50.050 --> 00:52:54.000
- In many ways, the modernist
forms of statecraft have been

00:52:54.000 --> 00:52:54.985
profoundly under...

00:52:54.985 --> 00:52:55.485
undermined.

00:52:55.485 --> 00:52:56.830
Right?

00:52:56.830 --> 00:52:59.810
And the degree to which a
good deal of what used to be

00:52:59.810 --> 00:53:03.180
the business of government
has been outsourced --

00:53:03.180 --> 00:53:06.970
both in terms of bureaucracy,
policing and security,

00:53:06.970 --> 00:53:08.680
even control over the
means of violence,

00:53:08.680 --> 00:53:11.145
sometimes even the
fighting of war.

00:53:11.145 --> 00:53:12.020
- Who are these guys?

00:53:12.020 --> 00:53:14.645
- And there was a strong feeling
there that the society was out

00:53:14.645 --> 00:53:15.540
of control.

00:53:15.540 --> 00:53:19.810
Because there was a specific
policy to cut back on jobs,

00:53:19.810 --> 00:53:23.740
to privatize large areas of...
of the society and economy.

00:53:23.740 --> 00:53:26.210
And that left many, many
more people out of work.

00:53:26.210 --> 00:53:28.440
The degree to which
capital, in many senses,

00:53:28.440 --> 00:53:31.930
now controls the economy
at a level above the scale

00:53:31.930 --> 00:53:34.990
of most nation states,

00:53:34.990 --> 00:53:35.530
this...

00:53:35.530 --> 00:53:37.850
this phenomenon undercuts
the capacity of states

00:53:37.850 --> 00:53:39.960
to govern in many of
the ways that they could

00:53:39.960 --> 00:53:42.060
appear to be governing before.

00:53:42.060 --> 00:53:45.350
So I think in many places,
one has the feeling

00:53:45.350 --> 00:53:47.890
of a disintegrating of order.

00:53:47.890 --> 00:53:50.780
- Next on the show, are we
headed to apocalypse America?

00:53:50.780 --> 00:53:52.488
- The reality is this
debt ceiling crisis

00:53:52.488 --> 00:53:53.737
was a little bit manufactured.

00:53:55.870 --> 00:53:57.440
- The fear's killing us.

00:53:57.440 --> 00:53:59.243
Don't talk yourselves
into recession.

00:53:59.243 --> 00:54:00.630
- Are we cutting fat?

00:54:00.630 --> 00:54:03.250
Or are we cutting growth
with this new austerity

00:54:03.250 --> 00:54:05.022
in Washington?

00:54:05.022 --> 00:54:06.730
- And now there's a
sovereign debt crisis

00:54:06.730 --> 00:54:09.380
following on the banking
crisis, which always happens.

00:54:09.380 --> 00:54:11.864
Why anyone's surprised
by this, I don't know.

00:54:11.864 --> 00:54:13.280
It's not clear
that the sovereigns

00:54:13.280 --> 00:54:15.946
have got any money left, because
they took it from the taxpayers

00:54:15.946 --> 00:54:17.094
to bail out the banks.

00:54:17.094 --> 00:54:18.510
The banks have now
got that money,

00:54:18.510 --> 00:54:20.801
and they're using it to bet
against the sovereigns that

00:54:20.801 --> 00:54:21.766
just saved them.

00:54:21.766 --> 00:54:23.460
How's that for irony?

00:54:23.460 --> 00:54:27.260
- The magical way in which money
could beget money by moving

00:54:27.260 --> 00:54:30.820
things around very quickly,
by taking toxic debt --

00:54:30.820 --> 00:54:33.320
witchcraft-like debt --
and moving it onwards,

00:54:33.320 --> 00:54:34.630
rebundling it.

00:54:34.630 --> 00:54:36.810
And in the very
movement, what you can do

00:54:36.810 --> 00:54:39.610
is to generate wealth, and
keep passing on what were

00:54:39.610 --> 00:54:41.400
the destructive dimensions.

00:54:41.400 --> 00:54:44.130
But some way, somehow,
that would come to rest

00:54:44.130 --> 00:54:46.160
and the whole house of
cards would come down.

00:54:46.160 --> 00:54:47.576
- And a lot of
their customers are

00:54:47.576 --> 00:54:50.930
freaked out, waiting to see
how low the Dow will go.

00:54:50.930 --> 00:54:53.390
Traders saying this is the
craziest day they have ever

00:54:53.390 --> 00:54:54.380
seen in these markets.

00:54:54.380 --> 00:54:57.560
- This is volatility we haven't
seen, of course, since way

00:54:57.560 --> 00:54:58.930
before you and I were born.

00:54:58.930 --> 00:55:03.347
- We are in the midst of a once
in a century credit tsunami.

00:55:03.347 --> 00:55:05.472
- Or people talked about
"zombie debt" -- you know,

00:55:05.472 --> 00:55:08.960
debt that you thought you'd paid
off but somehow was never laid

00:55:08.960 --> 00:55:10.250
to rest.

00:55:10.250 --> 00:55:13.870
- David Cameron isn't the only
Eurozone politician concerned

00:55:13.870 --> 00:55:15.780
about the economic undead.

00:55:15.780 --> 00:55:18.650
Greek Finance Minister George
Papakonstantinou clearly

00:55:18.650 --> 00:55:21.290
has werewolves on
his mind as he warns

00:55:21.290 --> 00:55:24.720
that there's no single silver
bullet that will kill off

00:55:24.720 --> 00:55:26.200
Europe's debt crisis.

00:55:26.200 --> 00:55:28.120
- So this is huge.

00:55:28.120 --> 00:55:30.990
We've built a massive volatility
generator that randomly

00:55:30.990 --> 00:55:34.270
redistributes wealth and income
-- not just in societies,

00:55:34.270 --> 00:55:35.759
but across the globe.

00:55:35.759 --> 00:55:36.800
It's an uncertainty pump.

00:55:36.800 --> 00:55:41.320
It means the system is very
complex, very nonlinear,

00:55:41.320 --> 00:55:42.057
very dynamic.

00:55:42.057 --> 00:55:44.515
And we don't know where it's
going to come to rest, if it's

00:55:44.515 --> 00:55:46.580
going to come to rest at all.

00:55:46.580 --> 00:55:49.860
- We've become a high speed,
high tech, high velocity

00:55:49.860 --> 00:55:51.040
society.

00:55:51.040 --> 00:55:53.430
What's happened is that
there's been a systemic shift.

00:55:53.430 --> 00:55:59.030
We've transited from a
traditional, slower economy

00:55:59.030 --> 00:56:05.760
of boom-bust to one of
bubble-burst that's inherently

00:56:05.760 --> 00:56:07.780
catastrophic in nature.

00:56:07.780 --> 00:56:09.370
- Perception becomes reality.

00:56:09.370 --> 00:56:11.350
You can claim how safe you are.

00:56:11.350 --> 00:56:14.070
If people are spooked,
they'll pull their money out.

00:56:14.070 --> 00:56:15.570
And therefore,
you're then not safe.

00:56:15.570 --> 00:56:18.800
- There are algorithm-powered
robots trading and moving

00:56:18.800 --> 00:56:19.650
the market.

00:56:19.650 --> 00:56:21.140
Some estimates
put their activity

00:56:21.140 --> 00:56:23.970
at 70% of all trading volume.

00:56:23.970 --> 00:56:26.395
- You can't write
a perfect program.

00:56:26.395 --> 00:56:29.080
So even high frequency traders
have a problem setting this up.

00:56:29.080 --> 00:56:29.750
- It obviously broke down.

00:56:29.750 --> 00:56:32.040
- Yeah, the market just dropped
400 points in about 3 minutes.

00:56:32.040 --> 00:56:33.130
- No, the market didn't work.

00:56:33.130 --> 00:56:33.730
It broke down.

00:56:33.730 --> 00:56:34.910
The machines broke down.

00:56:34.910 --> 00:56:35.950
That's what happens.

00:56:35.950 --> 00:56:37.950
- We can see this
maybe best illustrated

00:56:37.950 --> 00:56:41.460
by the flash crash,
where we had algorithms

00:56:41.460 --> 00:56:45.360
being used to conduct trading
in a far more efficient manner.

00:56:45.360 --> 00:56:47.970
All the different groups
were doing it to make money.

00:56:47.970 --> 00:56:51.950
But then they interacted in a
way that we didn't understand.

00:56:51.950 --> 00:56:56.100
And our reaction to it
was, "Well, you know what?

00:56:56.100 --> 00:56:57.292
That day never happened."

00:56:57.292 --> 00:57:00.070
- But do you realize the
fact that after all this,

00:57:00.070 --> 00:57:01.560
that that could
have just happened

00:57:01.560 --> 00:57:04.057
is an absolutely
stupendous story.

00:57:04.057 --> 00:57:04.640
- Well, it is!

00:57:04.640 --> 00:57:04.720
- It is!

00:57:04.720 --> 00:57:06.000
- I think it's a great story.

00:57:06.000 --> 00:57:07.140
It's the greatest
story never told.

00:57:07.140 --> 00:57:08.723
You'll never know
what happened there.

00:57:08.723 --> 00:57:12.880
- So what I'm simply putting
is that it's easier to operate,

00:57:12.880 --> 00:57:15.380
but it's harder for us
humans to understand

00:57:15.380 --> 00:57:16.961
what will happen next.

00:57:16.961 --> 00:57:18.835
- And the CDS markets
are different than they

00:57:18.835 --> 00:57:20.460
were in 2008, thank god.

00:57:20.460 --> 00:57:22.146
Unfortunately,
still not regulated.

00:57:22.146 --> 00:57:23.770
And that's the other
crime of all this.

00:57:23.770 --> 00:57:26.980
- In terms of the loss
of incomes and outputs,

00:57:26.980 --> 00:57:30.210
this is as bad as a World War.

00:57:30.210 --> 00:57:32.227
That's the scale
we're talking about.

00:57:32.227 --> 00:57:34.810
- What happens is this negative
feedback loop from hell, where

00:57:34.810 --> 00:57:37.170
you have lower taxes,
you have to cut more

00:57:37.170 --> 00:57:38.240
into social services.

00:57:38.240 --> 00:57:41.015
And it's a very
difficult cycle to break.

00:57:41.015 --> 00:57:45.010
- 1% of the American
population have

00:57:45.010 --> 00:57:49.860
2/3 of the national wealth.

00:57:49.860 --> 00:57:58.180
This is the long run result of
the new liberal deregulation.

00:57:58.180 --> 00:58:00.950
It sounded good
at the beginning.

00:58:00.950 --> 00:58:07.030
But the new rule is the rule
of impoverishment of society.

00:58:07.030 --> 00:58:09.700
- The zombie spoke
to what was happening

00:58:09.700 --> 00:58:12.270
to a whole category of
worker who is, in a sense,

00:58:12.270 --> 00:58:15.110
being eviscerated by
the conditions that

00:58:15.110 --> 00:58:18.020
existed, and was like a
member of the walking dead.

00:58:18.020 --> 00:58:21.140
But now it was specifically
linked to the ability

00:58:21.140 --> 00:58:24.690
to take over whole people, and
reduce them only to workers.

00:58:24.690 --> 00:58:29.310
And keep them like things in
cupboards, under floor boards,

00:58:29.310 --> 00:58:32.510
and to be able to suck them dry
for these new forms of wealth.

00:58:32.510 --> 00:58:36.090
That image seemed to speak
to things going on elsewhere,

00:58:36.090 --> 00:58:39.240
where people were saying things
like, "How can you have growth

00:58:39.240 --> 00:58:40.190
without work?

00:58:40.190 --> 00:58:42.125
How can they talk
to us about the fact

00:58:42.125 --> 00:58:44.670
that we must be patient
in this new economy?"

00:58:44.670 --> 00:58:46.700
Because right now what
we're seeing is something

00:58:46.700 --> 00:58:48.600
we call "jobless growth."

00:58:48.600 --> 00:58:50.670
So that was another
kind of feature

00:58:50.670 --> 00:58:54.510
of this moment that suggested
that all was not well.

00:58:57.040 --> 00:58:59.040
- In some ways, zombies
are the perfect metaphor

00:58:59.040 --> 00:59:00.248
for the global war on terror.

00:59:00.248 --> 00:59:03.240
I mean, Dick Cheney talked
about the 1% solution.

00:59:03.240 --> 00:59:05.987
Which is... is that if there was
even a 1% chance that al-Qaeda

00:59:05.987 --> 00:59:08.570
would launch an attack, the US
would have to launch aggressive

00:59:08.570 --> 00:59:09.190
counter measures.

00:59:09.190 --> 00:59:11.273
Well, if you extrapolate
that to the zombie thing,

00:59:11.273 --> 00:59:15.030
even if there's only a 0.001%
chance that the undead would

00:59:15.030 --> 00:59:16.790
rise, you're going
to have to engage

00:59:16.790 --> 00:59:18.950
in pretty strong counter
security measures.

00:59:18.950 --> 00:59:20.970
So as a result,
neoconservatives would probably

00:59:20.970 --> 00:59:23.582
posit that an Axis
of Evil Dead existed,

00:59:23.582 --> 00:59:25.790
which would make it very
difficult to actually defeat

00:59:25.790 --> 00:59:26.950
just the zombies.

00:59:26.950 --> 00:59:28.713
The other problem is
is that another tenet

00:59:28.713 --> 00:59:32.540
of neoconservativism is the
revolution in military affairs,

00:59:32.540 --> 00:59:34.540
the notion that you
can shock and awe --

00:59:34.540 --> 00:59:38.940
through military pyrotechnics
-- the enemy into acquiescence.

00:59:38.940 --> 00:59:40.380
You can't shock
and awe a zombie.

00:59:40.380 --> 00:59:42.480
So if anything,
inevitably, US forces

00:59:42.480 --> 00:59:43.840
would be sent in too light.

00:59:43.840 --> 00:59:45.640
There would be an insurgency.

00:59:45.640 --> 00:59:47.770
So you would have to
have a massive surge that

00:59:47.770 --> 00:59:49.210
would be incredibly costly.

00:59:49.210 --> 00:59:51.176
And it's not even clear
that that would work.

00:59:51.176 --> 00:59:54.030
- In a sense, we're in the
zombie version of the Cold War

00:59:54.030 --> 00:59:58.540
right now -- the idea of a kind
of global mobilization against

00:59:58.540 --> 01:00:02.640
a kind of threat that
is endlessly flexible,

01:00:02.640 --> 01:00:06.130
is both everywhere and
nowhere at the same time,

01:00:06.130 --> 01:00:08.400
and requires a
total mobilization.

01:00:08.400 --> 01:00:08.610
- Before September 11, 2001...

01:00:08.610 --> 01:00:10.530
We must take the battle to
the enemy, disrupt his plans,

01:00:10.530 --> 01:00:11.830
and confront the worst
threats before they emerge.

01:00:11.830 --> 01:00:13.750
We are in a conflict
between good and evil.

01:00:16.310 --> 01:00:20.150
- They say that perhaps the idea
of peace or war is too simple

01:00:20.150 --> 01:00:23.310
in the Internet Age, when
the world could find itself

01:00:23.310 --> 01:00:26.480
in a third, other-than-war mode.

01:00:26.480 --> 01:00:28.570
- The threat matrix is so wide.

01:00:28.570 --> 01:00:30.020
And it's so deep.

01:00:30.020 --> 01:00:31.507
- The threat could be anywhere.

01:00:31.507 --> 01:00:32.840
It could be committed by anyone.

01:00:32.840 --> 01:00:35.765
- Absolutely unprecedented
in the character of an enemy.

01:00:35.765 --> 01:00:38.030
- Our effort will involve
disorderly regions,

01:00:38.030 --> 01:00:41.750
failed states,
diffuse enemies...

01:00:41.750 --> 01:00:47.950
War has now become this
shapeless enterprise.

01:00:47.950 --> 01:00:52.050
Nobody thinks that a decisive
battle is going to produce

01:00:52.050 --> 01:00:57.390
a decisive victory -- so that
the fear of long, drawn out,

01:00:57.390 --> 01:01:03.050
amorphous, problematic wars
constitute the template

01:01:03.050 --> 01:01:07.220
for what future American
wars are going to look like.

01:01:07.220 --> 01:01:11.950
These are very diffuse kinds
of almost para-national,

01:01:11.950 --> 01:01:17.520
non-state actor, diffuse and
shadowy forms of warfare that

01:01:17.520 --> 01:01:21.480
are written about very clearly
and very analytically in things

01:01:21.480 --> 01:01:24.830
like the National Security
Strategy documents.

01:01:24.830 --> 01:01:27.020
This is the way within
which future wars are

01:01:27.020 --> 01:01:28.140
being described.

01:01:28.140 --> 01:01:30.695
- There have been in a lot of
the post-9/11 Commission kind

01:01:30.695 --> 01:01:33.420
of reports, there's an emphasis
on Red Cell thinking --

01:01:33.420 --> 01:01:36.165
that we do need to have folks
that are doing alternative

01:01:36.165 --> 01:01:37.294
analysis to the mainstream.

01:01:37.294 --> 01:01:38.835
And when you're
faced with this thing

01:01:38.835 --> 01:01:40.384
that you don't
understand, and we

01:01:40.384 --> 01:01:42.342
are faced with things
that we don't understand,

01:01:42.342 --> 01:01:45.410
the temptation is there just
to create a metanarrative that

01:01:45.410 --> 01:01:47.100
explains all kinds of things.

01:01:47.100 --> 01:01:48.859
And by doing so,
you lose visibility

01:01:48.859 --> 01:01:51.025
of what really is in fact
happening in front of you.

01:01:51.025 --> 01:01:53.954
And I think there is a
cautionary tale about how

01:01:53.954 --> 01:01:55.870
you approach things that
you don't understand,

01:01:55.870 --> 01:01:57.140
and you build up a
body of knowledge

01:01:57.140 --> 01:01:59.098
that makes it seem like
there's something real.

01:01:59.098 --> 01:02:01.760
- We missed Saddam Hussein's
weapons of mass destruction.

01:02:01.760 --> 01:02:03.092
We missed the Arab Spring.

01:02:03.092 --> 01:02:04.940
We missed the breakup
of the Soviet Union.

01:02:04.940 --> 01:02:05.560
- Which... which...

01:02:05.560 --> 01:02:07.320
- What are we getting
out of all that money?

01:02:07.320 --> 01:02:07.630
- Intelligence money?

01:02:07.630 --> 01:02:08.480
Yeah.

01:02:08.480 --> 01:02:11.760
Yeah, it is very worrisome
that we missed those things.

01:02:11.760 --> 01:02:15.450
- Have they been able
to prevent another 9/11

01:02:15.450 --> 01:02:17.960
because of this
cyber technology?

01:02:17.960 --> 01:02:20.650
Has it done any good?

01:02:20.650 --> 01:02:24.190
- The question is whether you
can really do this surgically,

01:02:24.190 --> 01:02:26.200
and whether there is
anything surgical that

01:02:26.200 --> 01:02:27.660
could have a blowback effect.

01:02:27.660 --> 01:02:29.640
- Tom Forman is over
at the magic wall.

01:02:29.640 --> 01:02:32.040
Tom, show our viewers
what you're seeing.

01:02:32.040 --> 01:02:34.590
- So much territory,
so many people,

01:02:34.590 --> 01:02:37.696
so many potential targets.

01:02:37.696 --> 01:02:42.360
- That the threat, for real, is
no longer outside our borders.

01:02:42.360 --> 01:02:44.230
It's within our borders.

01:02:44.230 --> 01:02:46.950
And it's not within our
borders with something

01:02:46.950 --> 01:02:51.490
that we can reach out and grab,
like al-Qaeda or Osama bin

01:02:51.490 --> 01:02:52.260
Laden.

01:02:52.260 --> 01:02:53.690
It's going to be
done by something

01:02:53.690 --> 01:03:00.440
that is going to be very, very
subtle and very, very hard

01:03:00.440 --> 01:03:02.520
to get a hand on.

01:03:02.520 --> 01:03:04.460
Climate change --
what can you do?

01:03:04.460 --> 01:03:06.690
When do you call a
drought really bad?

01:03:06.690 --> 01:03:07.720
After three years?

01:03:07.720 --> 01:03:08.360
Four years?

01:03:08.360 --> 01:03:08.914
Five years?

01:03:08.914 --> 01:03:09.705
How about a decade?

01:03:11.190 --> 01:03:17.135
How much resilience does the
United States national system

01:03:17.135 --> 01:03:21.830
-- or the North American
system -- have to handle this?

01:03:21.830 --> 01:03:24.625
And it's not as much
as we would think.

01:03:24.625 --> 01:03:28.380
You know, our resources
are already overcommitted.

01:03:28.380 --> 01:03:30.350
Where?

01:03:30.350 --> 01:03:32.500
It doesn't take a
rocket scientist

01:03:32.500 --> 01:03:35.020
when one looks at the
United States budget.

01:03:35.020 --> 01:03:38.510
We spend so much on Department
of Defense that anything else

01:03:38.510 --> 01:03:41.600
that we should be
planning, we don't

01:03:41.600 --> 01:03:43.130
have the money to do that.

01:03:43.130 --> 01:03:48.315
Suppose we have another great
Gulf hurricane wash ashore,

01:03:48.315 --> 01:03:52.930
or at the same time have another
great hurricane run up the East

01:03:52.930 --> 01:03:57.930
Coast -- something akin to the
hurricane of '38, for example.

01:03:57.930 --> 01:04:02.010
Unless you're in the Maldives,
where you can look every day

01:04:02.010 --> 01:04:06.330
and see your nation disappearing
before your eyes as the sea

01:04:06.330 --> 01:04:10.060
levels come up -- unless
you're those countries,

01:04:10.060 --> 01:04:11.980
you don't have the will.

01:04:11.980 --> 01:04:14.570
And we don't have the will.

01:04:14.570 --> 01:04:17.530
By the time the issue --
certainly an environmental

01:04:17.530 --> 01:04:20.550
issue like climate
change -- gets before us,

01:04:20.550 --> 01:04:22.260
it will be too late.

01:04:22.260 --> 01:04:23.816
- There's huge
concern as to what

01:04:23.816 --> 01:04:25.732
the release of this
methane gas could actually

01:04:25.732 --> 01:04:26.987
do in the long term.

01:04:26.987 --> 01:04:29.475
- It is terrifying what
the science is telling us.

01:04:29.475 --> 01:04:31.850
- It creates this sort of
self-reinforcing leak as well.

01:04:31.850 --> 01:04:33.750
- Exactly, it's a
positive feedback system.

01:04:33.750 --> 01:04:36.720
- That means an intensification
of the greenhouse gas effect,

01:04:36.720 --> 01:04:38.594
and more extreme weather.

01:04:38.594 --> 01:04:41.755
- Last year, we
saw 12 hurricanes.

01:04:41.755 --> 01:04:44.390
But none of them just
made landfall here

01:04:44.390 --> 01:04:45.265
in the United States.

01:04:45.265 --> 01:04:46.181
They were scared away.

01:04:46.181 --> 01:04:47.500
- We appreciate you, as always.

01:04:47.500 --> 01:04:49.074
Thank you so much.

01:04:49.074 --> 01:04:51.240
Well the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention,

01:04:51.240 --> 01:04:53.100
the agency you know that's
charged with protecting

01:04:53.100 --> 01:04:54.680
the public's health
and safety, is

01:04:54.680 --> 01:04:58.110
getting you prepared for
the zombie apocalypse.

01:04:58.110 --> 01:05:01.050
If you happen to learn about
how to prepare for hurricanes,

01:05:01.050 --> 01:05:03.250
earthquakes, or other
natural disasters...

01:05:03.250 --> 01:05:05.830
- And next month it will add
zombies to a list of disaster

01:05:05.830 --> 01:05:08.610
crisis scenarios at the
Counter-terrorism Summit.

01:05:08.610 --> 01:05:10.399
And over 1,000
military personnel,

01:05:10.399 --> 01:05:12.690
law enforcement officials,
and other government workers

01:05:12.690 --> 01:05:13.273
will be there.

01:05:13.273 --> 01:05:15.730
- The particular aspect
that the undead would pose

01:05:15.730 --> 01:05:17.290
is more like an epidemic.

01:05:17.290 --> 01:05:19.370
There's no state involved,
and there's not even

01:05:19.370 --> 01:05:20.620
necessarily an agent involved.

01:05:20.620 --> 01:05:23.690
You're talking about things
like pandemics crossing borders

01:05:23.690 --> 01:05:26.920
effortlessly, or
climate change altering

01:05:26.920 --> 01:05:29.230
the likelihood of natural
disasters occurring,

01:05:29.230 --> 01:05:31.800
or financial markets
becoming so complex that it's

01:05:31.800 --> 01:05:34.010
impossible to regulate
them effectively,

01:05:34.010 --> 01:05:37.020
or the internet becoming such
an interdependent web that cyber

01:05:37.020 --> 01:05:39.120
terrorism can cause just
as serious a problem

01:05:39.120 --> 01:05:40.950
as actual terrorism.

01:05:40.950 --> 01:05:44.015
- If cyber war would be fought
in a domain that's neither

01:05:44.015 --> 01:05:46.490
military, nor
civilian, but both...

01:05:46.490 --> 01:05:49.392
who is best equipped
to take charge?

01:05:49.392 --> 01:05:52.140
- Spilling over into
the media, both sides

01:05:52.140 --> 01:05:55.546
trying to demonstrate
the other more monstrous.

01:05:55.546 --> 01:05:57.473
- Well we don't have
a handle on this,

01:05:57.473 --> 01:06:00.390
even in terms of the most
basic data collection.

01:06:00.390 --> 01:06:06.350
- The viral spread of actual
disease or information,

01:06:06.350 --> 01:06:10.820
the idea of a tipping point
-- that society is incredibly

01:06:10.820 --> 01:06:12.080
complex.

01:06:12.080 --> 01:06:15.870
But almost like in the game of
Jenga, if you pulled one out

01:06:15.870 --> 01:06:18.480
an incredibly complex
system could collapse.

01:06:18.480 --> 01:06:20.400
And that particularly
captures, I

01:06:20.400 --> 01:06:22.292
think, a lot of our
modern structures.

01:06:22.292 --> 01:06:24.750
- Well the interesting thing
is that a lot of these threats

01:06:24.750 --> 01:06:27.220
actually resemble zombies,
in that natural disasters

01:06:27.220 --> 01:06:29.720
or pandemics, you're
dealing with responses

01:06:29.720 --> 01:06:30.605
to what man does.

01:06:30.605 --> 01:06:33.800
But at the same time, you can't
negotiate with climate change.

01:06:33.800 --> 01:06:35.360
You can't negotiate
with a virus.

01:06:35.360 --> 01:06:36.820
And certainly, I think
it would probably

01:06:36.820 --> 01:06:39.236
be the case that you can't
negotiate with a zombie either.

01:06:39.236 --> 01:06:41.640
So what zombies would
inevitably contribute to

01:06:41.640 --> 01:06:44.110
is further state collapse.

01:06:44.110 --> 01:06:46.220
- Climate change
plus the refugees

01:06:46.220 --> 01:06:49.780
converging as a major
transnational issue

01:06:49.780 --> 01:06:55.640
is going to make responding to
disasters like Katrina small

01:06:55.640 --> 01:06:56.850
by comparison.

01:06:56.850 --> 01:06:59.400
In World World Z, we
talked about offline,

01:06:59.400 --> 01:07:04.302
the issue comes up in terms of
how our military are organized

01:07:04.302 --> 01:07:08.240
-- and for what mission
-- in the novel itself,

01:07:08.240 --> 01:07:11.850
because it talks about all
the high tech gimmickry that

01:07:11.850 --> 01:07:15.850
we've got, and how -- the Battle
of the Bronx, in the story --

01:07:15.850 --> 01:07:18.500
how all that stuff, but there
were millions of people coming

01:07:18.500 --> 01:07:19.355
across.

01:07:19.355 --> 01:07:22.060
Now, those were zombies.

01:07:22.060 --> 01:07:25.276
In my case, replace the word
"zombie" with "refugees."

01:07:25.276 --> 01:07:28.130
And I don't mean
them to be the same.

01:07:28.130 --> 01:07:31.320
But imagine the same kind of
consequence: seas of humanity.

01:07:31.320 --> 01:07:34.080
And what's more, it'll
be worse because we

01:07:34.080 --> 01:07:36.835
can de-personalize a zombie.

01:07:36.835 --> 01:07:38.740
A zombie's dead.

01:07:38.740 --> 01:07:43.260
But the refugees that will
be coming will be people.

01:07:43.260 --> 01:07:45.150
So there are lessons
in that book.

01:07:45.150 --> 01:07:46.700
And by the way, it's
required reading

01:07:46.700 --> 01:07:48.815
for some military organizations.

01:08:01.074 --> 01:08:01.580
- Thank you.

01:08:01.580 --> 01:08:04.440
This is not the normal crowd
that I'm used to addressing.

01:08:06.950 --> 01:08:09.230
These are not
Starfleet uniforms,

01:08:09.230 --> 01:08:12.520
so I'm clearly not at Comic-Con.

01:08:12.520 --> 01:08:17.200
- It's my pleasure today to
introduce Mr. Max Brooks.

01:08:17.200 --> 01:08:20.810
He's considered the world's
foremost zombie preparedness

01:08:20.810 --> 01:08:22.960
expert.

01:08:22.960 --> 01:08:26.470
The reason he's here is because
I think he truly understands

01:08:26.470 --> 01:08:28.640
the potential for
a global crisis,

01:08:28.640 --> 01:08:31.470
and just how
unprepared we might be.

01:08:31.470 --> 01:08:32.142
Max Brooks.

01:08:32.142 --> 01:08:33.870
- Thank you, Admiral.

01:08:33.870 --> 01:08:37.120
We live in a planet where...

01:08:37.120 --> 01:08:40.089
I guess the best metaphor -- and
it's fitting I should be here

01:08:40.089 --> 01:08:44.370
-- is we literally are
all in the same boat.

01:08:44.370 --> 01:08:47.359
What I was trying
to do in World War Z

01:08:47.359 --> 01:08:49.560
was bring people
together in a connection,

01:08:49.560 --> 01:08:53.970
and see how what could be
an environmental crisis,

01:08:53.970 --> 01:08:56.700
or medical crisis, or a
social crisis of today

01:08:56.700 --> 01:09:01.109
will become a national
security crisis tomorrow.

01:09:01.109 --> 01:09:04.109
There's a part in the book
which is very Katrina-esque.

01:09:04.109 --> 01:09:05.659
I wrote it before Katrina.

01:09:05.659 --> 01:09:07.700
And I thought I was going
to get criticism on it.

01:09:07.700 --> 01:09:10.390
Because people say, "Well,
this would never happen.

01:09:10.390 --> 01:09:13.930
Because people always do
the right thing in crises."

01:09:17.060 --> 01:09:19.500
Panic can destroy us.

01:09:19.500 --> 01:09:20.700
And in Yonkers, it does.

01:09:20.700 --> 01:09:24.990
But we've had crises that would
have destroyed other nations,

01:09:24.990 --> 01:09:27.322
that they never would
have recovered from.

01:09:27.322 --> 01:09:28.280
And we keep rebounding.

01:09:31.030 --> 01:09:34.319
For me, the zombie genre is...

01:09:34.319 --> 01:09:37.664
it portrays how truly fragile
we are, because let's face it --

01:09:37.664 --> 01:09:42.260
in the post-Iraq, post-Bush
America, which is coming soon,

01:09:42.260 --> 01:09:44.779
we have to rebuild a lot.

01:09:44.779 --> 01:09:47.660
And we can't just be like the
Europeans, just be like, "Ah,

01:09:47.660 --> 01:09:50.618
(ADOPTS FRENCH ACCENT)
life is all shit, eh?

01:09:53.502 --> 01:09:55.960
No, we... we're going to have
to roll up our sleeves and do

01:09:55.960 --> 01:09:58.100
a lot of hard... a lot of work.

01:09:58.100 --> 01:10:00.350
- I think the one thing that
the zombie canon actually

01:10:00.350 --> 01:10:03.232
gets wrong is the
immediate assumption

01:10:03.232 --> 01:10:04.940
that if a zombie
emerges, you immediately

01:10:04.940 --> 01:10:06.920
get to the apocalypse.

01:10:06.920 --> 01:10:09.290
It's the assumption that
all it needs is one undead,

01:10:09.290 --> 01:10:12.540
and then eventually,
inevitably, the world ends.

01:10:12.540 --> 01:10:15.600
I think in some ways, that's
one of the problems with policy

01:10:15.600 --> 01:10:18.330
responses to terrorism, is the
notion that even if a terrorist

01:10:18.330 --> 01:10:21.332
incident takes place -- as awful
and tragic as that would be --

01:10:21.332 --> 01:10:22.415
it's the end of the world.

01:10:22.415 --> 01:10:24.950
And so, in some ways, the...

01:10:24.950 --> 01:10:26.440
the message I would
probably carry

01:10:26.440 --> 01:10:27.977
is the same message
Douglas Adams

01:10:27.977 --> 01:10:29.810
had in The Hitchhiker's
Guide to the Galaxy,

01:10:29.810 --> 01:10:31.572
which is "Don't panic."

01:10:31.572 --> 01:10:32.530
These threats are real.

01:10:32.530 --> 01:10:34.030
I don't mean to minimize them.

01:10:34.030 --> 01:10:36.390
But at the same time,
if you exaggerate them,

01:10:36.390 --> 01:10:39.670
the overreaction to the
threat might in the end

01:10:39.670 --> 01:10:41.048
actually worsen the threat.

01:10:41.048 --> 01:10:43.040
And that's what
you want to avoid.

01:10:44.160 --> 01:10:48.610
- In the end, if any light gets
through, it's extreme optimism.

01:10:48.610 --> 01:10:50.735
Because, I mean as long as
people keep questioning,

01:10:50.735 --> 01:10:55.340
and as long as people keep...
keep trying not to get bitten

01:10:55.340 --> 01:10:56.105
by zombies.

01:10:56.105 --> 01:10:57.480
Because you've
got to think, it'd

01:10:57.480 --> 01:10:58.850
be kind of easier sometimes.

01:10:58.850 --> 01:10:59.550
They're tired of running.

01:10:59.550 --> 01:11:00.025
They're hungry.

01:11:00.025 --> 01:11:00.390
You know what I mean?

01:11:00.390 --> 01:11:01.770
What's left in the world?

01:11:01.770 --> 01:11:05.215
You know, there's... there's
something wonderful in that.

01:11:05.215 --> 01:11:07.090
The light that pushes
up through the darkness

01:11:07.090 --> 01:11:09.042
is the most hopeful light.

01:11:14.910 --> 01:11:17.920
- Are we talking about
the emergence of a new

01:11:17.920 --> 01:11:22.000
internationalism where, because
of this net centric form

01:11:22.000 --> 01:11:22.500
of inner...

01:11:22.500 --> 01:11:25.690
of relating to one another,
new political allegiances

01:11:25.690 --> 01:11:26.880
can be made?

01:11:26.880 --> 01:11:28.550
What does this do
for social movements?

01:11:28.550 --> 01:11:30.900
- I think this is
a moment that could

01:11:30.900 --> 01:11:34.820
change our whole global
perspective on how

01:11:34.820 --> 01:11:36.040
people create change.

01:11:36.040 --> 01:11:40.280
It's wired -- never ends.

01:11:40.280 --> 01:11:46.520
- There are moments in history
in which profound questions

01:11:46.520 --> 01:11:49.920
about the possibility
of new beginnings --

01:11:49.920 --> 01:11:53.240
what I call epiphanies
of possibilities --

01:11:53.240 --> 01:11:56.280
that there are moments
in history when these

01:11:56.280 --> 01:12:00.140
possibilities are posed
to us was very sharply.

01:12:00.140 --> 01:12:03.079
And so freedom doesn't
have a... if you wish,

01:12:03.079 --> 01:12:03.870
a certain endpoint.

01:12:03.870 --> 01:12:07.468
It is something that
changes constantly.