00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:05.000
[waves crashing]

00:00:05.920 --> 00:00:10.920
[wind howling]

00:00:28.675 --> 00:00:33.675
[footsteps splashing]

00:00:35.850 --> 00:00:40.850
[wind howling]

00:00:46.572 --> 00:00:51.572
[waves lapping]

00:00:54.097 --> 00:00:56.470
[indistinct chatter]

00:00:56.470 --> 00:00:58.999
[waves lapping]

00:01:51.979 --> 00:01:53.959
[dog barking]

00:02:36.942 --> 00:02:40.022
[pensive instrumental music]

00:02:40.022 --> 00:02:42.450
- The lives of millions of
people across the world

00:02:42.450 --> 00:02:44.940
are radically affected by
climate change.

00:02:45.135 --> 00:02:46.530
But while Lokkhi Mondol

00:02:46.530 --> 00:02:49.730
is delaying her departure from her
village for lack of funds,

00:02:49.890 --> 00:02:53.035
many others are already taking
the road to exile.

00:02:55.155 --> 00:02:57.335
These forcibly displaced people

00:02:57.475 --> 00:03:00.170
do not yet have any
specific legal status.

00:03:00.460 --> 00:03:02.785
International law seems to
ignore them.

00:03:03.880 --> 00:03:07.345
So, local solutions are emerging
to try and fill the gap

00:03:07.505 --> 00:03:10.005
that leaves these people
unprotected.

00:03:12.682 --> 00:03:16.357
[resonant bell tolling]

00:03:16.357 --> 00:03:20.097
[indistinct chatter]

00:03:21.602 --> 00:03:26.602
[indistinct chatter]

00:03:29.697 --> 00:03:32.407
[ship's horn blaring]

00:03:33.522 --> 00:03:38.177
[indistinct chatter]

00:03:39.902 --> 00:03:44.000
Every day, more than 2,000
climate refugees arrive in Dhaka,

00:03:44.000 --> 00:03:47.730
the capital of Bangladesh,
via the port of Sadarghat.

00:03:48.305 --> 00:03:50.965
Most of them will settle
in shanty towns

00:03:50.965 --> 00:03:53.575
that are already full
to overflowing.

00:04:49.940 --> 00:04:54.905
[pensive instrumental music]

00:04:54.905 --> 00:04:55.805
- Around the world,

00:04:55.805 --> 00:04:59.430
there are now more people forcibly
displaced by cyclones,

00:04:59.430 --> 00:05:01.250
rising sea levels, or drought

00:05:01.350 --> 00:05:04.080
than refugees from war and conflict.

00:05:04.800 --> 00:05:07.640
There were 26 million of them
in 2023.

00:05:07.715 --> 00:05:09.380
According to the World Bank,

00:05:09.380 --> 00:05:13.215
there could be more than
220 million by 2050.

00:05:13.840 --> 00:05:16.250
Yet there is no international
legal framework

00:05:16.250 --> 00:05:18.470
guaranteeing them specific
protection.

00:05:18.625 --> 00:05:21.170
The law does not even manage
to give them a name.

00:05:21.470 --> 00:05:23.135
Are they displaced persons?

00:05:23.135 --> 00:05:24.295
Are they refugees?

00:05:24.460 --> 00:05:25.920
Or climate migrants?

00:05:28.275 --> 00:05:31.240
The international community pretends
not to see them,

00:05:31.240 --> 00:05:33.760
no doubt frightened by the
worst-case scenario:

00:05:33.760 --> 00:05:35.940
[train wheels clattering]

00:05:35.940 --> 00:05:39.575
a massive influx of refugees to
developed countries.

00:05:40.110 --> 00:05:42.820
Yet the vast majority of these
climate victims

00:05:42.820 --> 00:05:45.660
are moving within their own
country or region.

00:05:47.855 --> 00:05:50.415
- The situation of people being
displaced by climate change

00:05:50.415 --> 00:05:51.465
is growing by the day.

00:05:52.995 --> 00:05:54.210
Extreme weather events

00:05:54.210 --> 00:05:57.740
are forcing some 60,000
displacements per day.

00:05:59.220 --> 00:06:02.925
Whether we're talking about droughts
or floods or cyclones,

00:06:03.125 --> 00:06:05.995
the importance of dealing with
climate change

00:06:05.995 --> 00:06:09.740
is that there's often very little
in terms of protection,

00:06:09.880 --> 00:06:11.515
certainly international protection.

00:06:12.130 --> 00:06:13.965
[indistinct chatter]

00:06:13.965 --> 00:06:18.965
[train wheels clattering]

00:06:19.915 --> 00:06:24.165
- Displacement in the context of
climate change or disasters

00:06:24.555 --> 00:06:27.845
is not about people moving
from A to B.

00:06:28.725 --> 00:06:30.075
It's about loss.

00:06:31.245 --> 00:06:33.725
When you're displaced from
one day to another,

00:06:35.230 --> 00:06:36.715
you lose everything:

00:06:37.005 --> 00:06:41.455
your home, your livelihoods,
your social ties,

00:06:42.490 --> 00:06:44.965
sometimes your documents,
your political rights.

00:06:45.975 --> 00:06:51.140
So, really helping these people is
about reverting that loss.

00:06:51.140 --> 00:06:54.670
And what human rights say is you
have a right to housing,

00:06:54.670 --> 00:06:58.750
you have a right to access
livelihoods, to access education,

00:06:58.750 --> 00:07:00.760
health, et cetera, et cetera.

00:07:00.760 --> 00:07:03.365
- Will we see more people become
more vulnerable?

00:07:03.365 --> 00:07:04.365
Absolutely.

00:07:04.455 --> 00:07:06.140
Do we know whether it's
likely to occur?

00:07:06.140 --> 00:07:06.940
Absolutely.

00:07:06.940 --> 00:07:08.315
Are we doing enough about it?

00:07:08.465 --> 00:07:09.265
No.

00:07:09.265 --> 00:07:11.985
[traffic and street noise]

00:07:11.985 --> 00:07:14.740
The challenge now is not
necessarily just to recognize

00:07:14.740 --> 00:07:17.300
that people are being impacted,
but to do something about it.

00:07:17.500 --> 00:07:20.860
We have to find what are the
mechanisms, tools,

00:07:20.860 --> 00:07:24.040
instruments that can best provide
that protection.

00:07:24.040 --> 00:07:28.025
[vehicle honking]

00:07:28.210 --> 00:07:29.999
[train horn blaring]

00:07:30.620 --> 00:07:32.795
- Faced with a slow and
timid response

00:07:32.795 --> 00:07:34.440
from the international community,

00:07:34.440 --> 00:07:37.680
the most vulnerable countries are
also the most determined.

00:07:37.940 --> 00:07:40.595
In Latin America, the Pacific
and Asia,

00:07:40.595 --> 00:07:43.060
three countries are developing
projects,

00:07:43.065 --> 00:07:45.295
sometimes with very limited
resources.

00:07:45.520 --> 00:07:49.450
They have to respond to an emergency
that is affecting them now.

00:07:49.450 --> 00:07:51.450
[indistinct chatter]

00:07:51.720 --> 00:07:56.720
[pensive instrumental music]

00:07:59.995 --> 00:08:02.915
- If you're looking at the realities
in many countries

00:08:02.915 --> 00:08:05.065
for people who people are
internally displaced,

00:08:05.375 --> 00:08:07.200
they have a humanitarian response.

00:08:07.585 --> 00:08:10.740
Food is distributed,
maybe some tents, et cetera.

00:08:10.850 --> 00:08:12.280
But that's not the solution.

00:08:12.830 --> 00:08:14.100
That's short-term,

00:08:14.740 --> 00:08:17.380
and it doesn't help people to
rebuild their lives.

00:08:17.685 --> 00:08:21.745
Bangladesh really has developed
a very interesting

00:08:22.085 --> 00:08:23.895
and innovative approach.

00:08:24.685 --> 00:08:28.490
Instead of people being forced to
move to the big cities,

00:08:28.890 --> 00:08:30.620
where they end up in misery

00:08:30.620 --> 00:08:33.804
somewhere in the slums at the
outskirts of these big cities,

00:08:34.342 --> 00:08:38.519
they are promoting the idea
of smaller cities,

00:08:38.519 --> 00:08:43.039
or towns, even, to receive those
who have to leave their homes,

00:08:43.155 --> 00:08:47.185
to help them to adapt to the
new circumstances

00:08:47.460 --> 00:08:50.045
and through that to rebuild
their lives.

00:08:50.334 --> 00:08:55.334
[gentle guitar playing]

00:08:59.919 --> 00:09:04.814
[pensive instrumental music]

00:09:04.814 --> 00:09:06.194
[indistinct chatter]

00:09:06.733 --> 00:09:11.733
[gentle guitar playing]

00:09:26.938 --> 00:09:29.108
[indistinct chatter]

00:09:45.281 --> 00:09:49.316
[pensive instrumental music]

00:09:49.316 --> 00:09:53.766
- 80% of Bangladesh consists of a
large alluvial plain

00:09:53.766 --> 00:09:56.250
lying less than 10 meters
above sea level,

00:09:56.445 --> 00:09:59.435
so it is highly vulnerable to
rising sea levels.

00:09:59.500 --> 00:10:03.780
But Bangladesh is also the second
most cyclone-prone country

00:10:03.780 --> 00:10:04.780
in the world.

00:10:05.580 --> 00:10:09.090
Cyclones are becoming increasingly
frequent and violent.

00:10:09.485 --> 00:10:12.010
Climate change could cost Bangladesh

00:10:12.010 --> 00:10:15.765
up to 9% of its annual GDP by 2050,

00:10:16.025 --> 00:10:20.085
slowing the economic growth driven
by textiles and agriculture.

00:10:20.520 --> 00:10:22.115
But natural disasters

00:10:22.115 --> 00:10:26.265
have already caused almost 15 million
internal displacements

00:10:26.265 --> 00:10:27.895
in the last 10 years.

00:10:29.430 --> 00:10:32.015
Model villages could be the
last resort

00:10:32.015 --> 00:10:33.300
for the most vulnerable.

00:10:33.300 --> 00:10:37.300
[pensive instrumental music]

00:11:08.675 --> 00:11:12.430
[indistinct chatter]

00:11:12.615 --> 00:11:17.615
[upbeat instrumental music]

00:11:19.645 --> 00:11:22.445
- The model village in Mongla
came into being

00:11:22.445 --> 00:11:24.715
thanks to action by national
government,

00:11:24.715 --> 00:11:28.980
local authorities and BRAC,
the country's largest NGO.

00:11:28.980 --> 00:11:30.260
[infant crying]

00:13:17.050 --> 00:13:22.050
[indistinct chatter]

00:13:37.555 --> 00:13:40.860
[steam hissing]

00:14:15.020 --> 00:14:19.520
[voice on loudspeaker]

00:15:09.380 --> 00:15:12.405
[pensive instrumental music]

00:15:12.405 --> 00:15:17.405
[gentle guitar playing]

00:15:19.035 --> 00:15:24.035
[motorbike engine puttering]

00:15:24.720 --> 00:15:26.615
[indistinct chatter]

00:15:26.615 --> 00:15:31.615
[pensive instrumental music]

00:17:03.719 --> 00:17:08.719
[pensive instrumental music]

00:17:10.689 --> 00:17:14.784
- Bangladesh currently has four
model villages of the same type

00:17:14.784 --> 00:17:16.138
as the one in Mongla.

00:17:16.138 --> 00:17:18.704
Eventually, the authorities and BRAC

00:17:18.704 --> 00:17:22.089
hope to be able to support
160,000 people.

00:17:22.329 --> 00:17:23.224
But the country

00:17:23.224 --> 00:17:27.940
is expected to have 20 million
climate refugees by 2050.

00:17:28.244 --> 00:17:29.760
These model villages alone

00:17:29.760 --> 00:17:32.530
will not be enough to respond
to the crisis.

00:17:32.900 --> 00:17:36.600
The displaced people will need
rights as well as shelter.

00:17:37.380 --> 00:17:40.415
- The way climate change is
being predicted,

00:17:40.890 --> 00:17:44.380
if the worst scenario becomes
the reality,

00:17:44.700 --> 00:17:47.000
that will mean that one-third
of the country

00:17:47.000 --> 00:17:48.355
will go underwater.

00:17:48.735 --> 00:17:53.165
That will mean that my children,
my grandchildren,

00:17:53.245 --> 00:17:56.225
will be drawing the map of
Bangladesh differently

00:17:56.225 --> 00:17:58.675
than how I used to draw it.

00:17:59.330 --> 00:18:03.645
This will also mean that a huge
number of people

00:18:03.645 --> 00:18:05.750
will have to be relocated.

00:18:05.750 --> 00:18:09.165
Bangladesh is already the eighth
most populated country

00:18:09.165 --> 00:18:10.165
of the world.

00:18:10.530 --> 00:18:13.520
We have very limited quantum
of land.

00:18:13.520 --> 00:18:17.255
[traffic and street noise]

00:18:17.255 --> 00:18:20.305
If we only emphasize on adaptation

00:18:20.305 --> 00:18:25.410
and rely too much on the resilience
of countries like ours,

00:18:25.495 --> 00:18:30.175
please note that adaptation has
its own limits.

00:18:30.760 --> 00:18:32.695
With all the development
interventions,

00:18:32.695 --> 00:18:34.780
you can't prevent migration.

00:18:34.945 --> 00:18:38.530
Then, you have to make sure that
those who are displaced

00:18:38.615 --> 00:18:42.425
are given the right identity and the
right set of protection.

00:18:42.746 --> 00:18:47.746
[indistinct chatter]

00:18:50.816 --> 00:18:54.630
- To talk about a special legal
status for displaced persons

00:18:54.630 --> 00:18:57.645
or climate refugees at present
would mean entering

00:18:57.645 --> 00:19:00.950
into a long and complex series
of negotiations.

00:19:01.245 --> 00:19:03.615
Isn't it more urgent to
recognize them

00:19:03.615 --> 00:19:06.200
first and foremost as victims?

00:19:06.200 --> 00:19:08.105
[vehicles honking]

00:19:08.105 --> 00:19:11.740
- One way to help people to
rebuild their lives

00:19:12.500 --> 00:19:17.280
is to really take law seriously.

00:19:17.610 --> 00:19:19.985
Human rights law,
but also fundamental rights

00:19:19.985 --> 00:19:24.420
as they are incorporated in
national constitutions.

00:19:24.460 --> 00:19:26.380
Of course, this doesn't work in
every country

00:19:26.380 --> 00:19:29.740
because there are countries with
very weak judicial systems,

00:19:30.190 --> 00:19:32.325
countries that don't really
have a tradition

00:19:32.325 --> 00:19:37.200
of putting constitutional law,

00:19:37.770 --> 00:19:39.625
putting human rights at the front.

00:19:40.150 --> 00:19:43.595
But in a country like Colombia,

00:19:44.145 --> 00:19:46.435
law plays an extremely
important role.

00:19:46.435 --> 00:19:50.635
[distant traffic noise]

00:19:50.635 --> 00:19:53.575
- Colombia, which is rich in
natural resources,

00:19:53.575 --> 00:19:56.655
is particularly exposed to
climate change.

00:19:58.250 --> 00:20:01.575
Prolonged droughts in its Amazon
and Andean regions

00:20:01.575 --> 00:20:04.775
are threatening food security and
energy production.

00:20:05.040 --> 00:20:08.275
Rising sea levels in the coastal
areas of the Caribbean

00:20:08.400 --> 00:20:12.105
impact indigenous peoples that are
particularly vulnerable.

00:20:14.765 --> 00:20:16.510
But in the face of these challenges,

00:20:16.510 --> 00:20:19.110
the country has invaluable
experience.

00:20:21.110 --> 00:20:23.445
- Colombia has spent decades

00:20:24.120 --> 00:20:26.760
dealing with internally displaced
during the conflict,

00:20:27.000 --> 00:20:29.965
and so they're very strong in
terms of human rights,

00:20:29.965 --> 00:20:32.690
they're very strong in terms of the
protection of people

00:20:32.690 --> 00:20:33.690
that have been displaced.

00:20:33.980 --> 00:20:37.960
And remarkably, they're almost
a world leader

00:20:38.170 --> 00:20:41.900
in understanding that if people have
been displaced by conflict

00:20:41.900 --> 00:20:45.325
or by climate change, then they
need to be put in a place

00:20:45.325 --> 00:20:47.590
where they're not put at
further risk.

00:20:47.590 --> 00:20:50.800
[indistinct chatter]

00:20:50.890 --> 00:20:54.295
- Colombia has developed a unique
system of legal clinics

00:20:54.420 --> 00:20:55.640
throughout the country.

00:20:56.275 --> 00:20:57.645
These are advice centers

00:20:57.645 --> 00:21:01.100
where law students are supervised
by university teachers

00:21:01.100 --> 00:21:02.525
and practicing lawyers.

00:21:02.665 --> 00:21:05.070
Together, they provide free
legal assistance

00:21:05.070 --> 00:21:06.310
to the most vulnerable,

00:21:06.565 --> 00:21:08.580
and protecting climate refugees

00:21:08.680 --> 00:21:10.395
is one of their priorities today.

00:22:16.003 --> 00:22:19.938
[floodwaters rushing]

00:22:19.938 --> 00:22:23.055
- José and his wife Ana have
become iconic faces

00:22:23.055 --> 00:22:24.890
of climate change in Colombia

00:22:24.890 --> 00:22:28.005
following the extraordinary flooding
of the Bojaba River.

00:23:40.385 --> 00:23:44.345
[indistinct chatter]

00:23:44.810 --> 00:23:47.115
- After four years of legal
proceedings,

00:23:47.115 --> 00:23:50.540
Ana and José have become the first
victims of climate change

00:23:50.540 --> 00:23:53.350
to be officially recognized by the
Colombian courts,

00:23:53.850 --> 00:23:56.215
a decision that could inspire
other countries.

00:26:03.699 --> 00:26:08.699
[waves crashing]

00:26:09.209 --> 00:26:13.055
- But climate displacement does not
only violate human rights.

00:26:13.055 --> 00:26:16.470
It can also sever an ancestral,
almost sacred link

00:26:16.470 --> 00:26:18.100
to a land and a history.

00:26:18.100 --> 00:26:23.030
[waves crashing]

00:26:42.999 --> 00:26:45.789
[waves crashing]

00:27:03.999 --> 00:27:07.490
[waves crashing]

00:28:19.625 --> 00:28:22.625
[waves crashing]

00:28:22.625 --> 00:28:27.625
[pensive instrumental music]

00:28:54.333 --> 00:28:57.333
[birds chirping]

00:29:20.591 --> 00:29:23.141
[birds chirping]

00:29:28.999 --> 00:29:31.999
[insects buzzing]

00:29:33.790 --> 00:29:38.790
[waves crashing]

00:30:15.456 --> 00:30:17.999
[waves crashing]

00:30:54.999 --> 00:30:59.658
[waves crashing]

00:31:43.999 --> 00:31:47.266
[waves crashing]

00:31:54.999 --> 00:31:58.002
[cookware clinking]
[indistinct chatter]

00:31:59.921 --> 00:32:03.216
[birds chirping]
[liquid flowing]

00:32:03.916 --> 00:32:08.002
[indistinct chatter]
[birds chirping]

00:32:31.620 --> 00:32:33.620
[clanking]
[birds chirping]

00:33:21.872 --> 00:33:25.872
[birds chirping]

00:34:34.514 --> 00:34:37.474
- Faced with the urgency of the
situation in the country,

00:34:37.474 --> 00:34:39.554
the parliament now wants to
go further.

00:34:39.554 --> 00:34:42.780
It is debating a law that would
automatically recognize

00:34:42.780 --> 00:34:45.900
all "climate-displaced persons"
as victims.

00:34:46.310 --> 00:34:49.449
The State would then have to take
responsibility for them,

00:34:49.449 --> 00:34:51.449
compensate them, and rehouse them.

00:36:20.121 --> 00:36:24.121
[gentle guitar playing]

00:36:24.121 --> 00:36:26.551
- The link with the land and
traditions

00:36:26.555 --> 00:36:30.315
that Clarena is alone in defending
is already at the heart

00:36:30.315 --> 00:36:33.745
of other regions' strategies
through a new right:

00:36:33.745 --> 00:36:35.055
the right to remain.

00:36:35.580 --> 00:36:37.000
This right is not easy,

00:36:37.370 --> 00:36:38.485
for it would be difficult

00:36:38.485 --> 00:36:40.800
to ignore the harsh reality of
the climate.

00:36:41.220 --> 00:36:44.795
In Fiji, in the South Pacific,
rising sea levels

00:36:44.795 --> 00:36:47.465
and the intensification of
tropical cyclones

00:36:47.465 --> 00:36:50.490
have already caused considerable
economic losses.

00:36:51.275 --> 00:36:55.430
Made up of more than 330 islands,
the archipelago,

00:36:55.430 --> 00:36:58.405
like the other micro island states
in the region,

00:36:58.445 --> 00:37:00.920
depends mainly on tourism
and fishing,

00:37:01.135 --> 00:37:04.515
two sectors directly affected by
the climate crisis.

00:37:06.145 --> 00:37:08.675
Measures for adaptation and
resilience

00:37:08.675 --> 00:37:11.880
are essential to ensure the survival
of the communities

00:37:11.880 --> 00:37:13.085
and their cultures.

00:37:13.343 --> 00:37:17.148
[gentle guitar playing]

00:37:19.233 --> 00:37:23.233
[waves lapping]

00:37:23.508 --> 00:37:24.990
- God, our creator,

00:37:28.705 --> 00:37:29.995
our savior,

00:37:31.610 --> 00:37:36.155
our world is in a vulnerable state.

00:37:38.665 --> 00:37:42.345
We pray for blessing on
these families

00:37:42.345 --> 00:37:43.975
and their communities.

00:37:45.845 --> 00:37:49.595
Please daily remind them that
they are not alone.

00:37:51.965 --> 00:37:56.240
They have brothers and sisters
who will stand

00:37:56.260 --> 00:37:57.630
and walk with them,

00:37:58.785 --> 00:38:04.785
and also will be their voice in
these communities,

00:38:05.445 --> 00:38:06.590
in this country,

00:38:07.790 --> 00:38:09.075
and in our world.

00:38:09.685 --> 00:38:13.685
[waves lapping]

00:38:13.885 --> 00:38:17.425
- The PCC was established
in the 1960s

00:38:17.525 --> 00:38:20.920
across 19 Pacific Island countries
and territories.

00:38:21.145 --> 00:38:23.465
The member churches and
their congregations

00:38:23.465 --> 00:38:28.510
account for about 70% of the
Pacific's human population.

00:38:28.840 --> 00:38:32.760
Well, I think particularly in the
context of climate change,

00:38:32.760 --> 00:38:37.500
there has been, particularly
recently, a lot of focus

00:38:37.500 --> 00:38:39.865
on the issue of climate-induced
displacement,

00:38:40.960 --> 00:38:42.720
relocation and migration.

00:38:42.920 --> 00:38:46.120
We use the term, in the Church
we use "forced migration"

00:38:46.120 --> 00:38:48.660
because, really, nobody wants to
leave their home.

00:38:49.180 --> 00:38:50.300
And if you visit our people

00:38:50.300 --> 00:38:55.190
and you see their almost spiritual
connection to the land

00:38:56.220 --> 00:38:58.800
that they have lived on
for generations,

00:38:58.800 --> 00:39:02.055
where many of them,
their umbilical cords are buried

00:39:02.255 --> 00:39:04.035
with the trees and things like that.

00:39:04.525 --> 00:39:09.060
Ultimately, people see that movement

00:39:09.060 --> 00:39:10.925
as a disconnection from land

00:39:10.925 --> 00:39:13.160
and a disconnection from
their identity.

00:39:14.160 --> 00:39:19.160
[pensive instrumental music]

00:39:37.800 --> 00:39:39.185
- I wasn't born at that time,

00:39:39.185 --> 00:39:44.705
but I found out from my parents or
my uncles that in 1952

00:39:45.200 --> 00:39:46.470
we had a mini tsunami,

00:39:46.930 --> 00:39:49.740
and from that time,
the place started eroding.

00:39:51.345 --> 00:39:54.405
But at that time,
climate change wasn't recognized.

00:39:54.895 --> 00:39:58.215
Climate change was recognized
in 2004.

00:39:58.750 --> 00:40:03.750
[gentle instrumental music]

00:40:07.215 --> 00:40:08.215
I was born here.

00:40:08.845 --> 00:40:10.175
My dad was a carpenter.

00:40:10.715 --> 00:40:13.900
He pulled this house out,
I was 10 years old.

00:40:14.355 --> 00:40:15.760
Then we moved in the back there.

00:40:20.940 --> 00:40:25.180
Why you see the place is all bushy,
we don't want to destroy it,

00:40:25.525 --> 00:40:28.365
so it can hold the land so it
doesn't erode faster.

00:40:28.700 --> 00:40:30.870
So that's why we have planted
coconut trees

00:40:31.370 --> 00:40:36.525
and some of these pandanus,
so it holds the land.

00:40:36.870 --> 00:40:38.930
Because here we don't have
any soil, it's only sand.

00:40:39.285 --> 00:40:43.285
[gentle scraping]

00:40:49.360 --> 00:40:51.465
All these people, they stayed here.

00:40:52.690 --> 00:40:55.485
They died here and we buried
them here.

00:40:56.355 --> 00:40:58.670
But now we cannot bury
any more here

00:40:58.855 --> 00:41:00.440
because if we dig only this much,

00:41:00.570 --> 00:41:01.955
there's only sand and water.

00:41:02.325 --> 00:41:05.080
Sometimes we have to wait till
it's a very low tide,

00:41:05.490 --> 00:41:08.750
then we start digging,
then one person has to run

00:41:08.750 --> 00:41:11.485
to go and tell them what time to
bring the coffin

00:41:11.485 --> 00:41:12.625
to put it inside.

00:41:13.480 --> 00:41:16.340
So, we have to keep on sending
the message.

00:41:16.340 --> 00:41:19.675
Once the digging is finished,
we put the coffin.

00:41:20.070 --> 00:41:21.580
Buried at the same time, fast.

00:41:21.925 --> 00:41:25.770
If you wait a little,
all the sides of the sand

00:41:25.770 --> 00:41:28.885
start falling in and the
water rises.

00:41:29.255 --> 00:41:30.999
Sometimes we have to bail the water,
bail the water,

00:41:31.002 --> 00:41:32.999
then at the same time you
bring the body

00:41:33.002 --> 00:41:34.160
and put inside and bury.

00:41:35.010 --> 00:41:38.010
But, we have stopped it.

00:41:38.530 --> 00:41:39.400
No more burial here now.

00:41:39.400 --> 00:41:42.215
We have to find a new place
for burial, for me.

00:41:42.650 --> 00:41:43.650
[chuckles]

00:41:47.475 --> 00:41:50.885
- Fiji has about 1,170 communities.

00:41:51.390 --> 00:41:54.450
Displacement, in the long run,

00:41:54.755 --> 00:41:58.400
would be more than 240
communities in Fiji.

00:41:58.400 --> 00:42:01.700
No one talks about the non-economic
loss and damage,

00:42:01.700 --> 00:42:03.500
where you cannot put a dollar value.

00:42:03.935 --> 00:42:08.340
For example, when you relocate
a community it's a hard ask,

00:42:09.455 --> 00:42:10.999
a very hard ask,

00:42:11.002 --> 00:42:13.087
because you are attached to
the land,

00:42:13.175 --> 00:42:15.020
your ancestors have been there,

00:42:15.100 --> 00:42:17.060
that's where you identify
yourself from.

00:42:18.000 --> 00:42:19.980
Asking us to relocate,

00:42:20.950 --> 00:42:23.655
there is no amount of quantification

00:42:23.655 --> 00:42:25.960
that can actually put a dollar
value to that.

00:42:25.999 --> 00:42:30.000
[waves crashing]

00:42:31.500 --> 00:42:34.790
If you say for me to relocate
or move,

00:42:35.250 --> 00:42:37.495
I think it's very hard for me
to move

00:42:38.110 --> 00:42:39.430
because I was born here,

00:42:39.560 --> 00:42:41.999
I've lived here all my life.

00:42:42.032 --> 00:42:44.532
I've lived here for 58 years.

00:42:45.065 --> 00:42:46.680
And if you're asking me to move now,

00:42:47.190 --> 00:42:49.395
I cannot leave my ancestors out
there in the sea,

00:42:49.395 --> 00:42:50.395
as you can see.

00:42:52.905 --> 00:42:56.400
Those graveyards were old,
so we just left it like that.

00:42:57.155 --> 00:43:01.290
I was very young at that time,
but we couldn't do anything.

00:43:02.085 --> 00:43:04.100
We had no other place,
no other option,

00:43:04.960 --> 00:43:08.170
so we didn't touch anything
from there.

00:43:09.410 --> 00:43:11.055
So, we just let them rest in peace.

00:43:11.985 --> 00:43:13.270
We don't want to disturb them.

00:43:14.730 --> 00:43:19.730
[pensive instrumental music]

00:43:26.663 --> 00:43:28.863
[child laughing]

00:43:31.995 --> 00:43:35.630
- What happens when whole
communities start to move?

00:43:36.095 --> 00:43:40.540
How do we make it from communities

00:43:40.540 --> 00:43:44.685
who are thinking from a concept
of exile?

00:43:45.840 --> 00:43:49.395
We have seen relocation that
is done well.

00:43:49.395 --> 00:43:52.375
We have seen relocations that
have not gone well.

00:43:53.540 --> 00:43:56.685
There are relocation guidelines that
have been developed

00:43:56.685 --> 00:44:00.210
by many countries,
standard operating procedures.

00:44:01.055 --> 00:44:03.795
But the challenge that we face is
that these things

00:44:03.795 --> 00:44:06.600
need to be contextualized to each
community,

00:44:07.440 --> 00:44:11.620
and the right of the community to
not only move

00:44:11.620 --> 00:44:12.945
but stay in place.

00:44:13.610 --> 00:44:18.410
[waves lapping]

00:44:18.410 --> 00:44:23.410
[percussive drumming and vocalizing]

00:44:27.348 --> 00:44:31.348
[clapping and exclaiming]

00:44:38.485 --> 00:44:39.555
- The Pacific Islands region

00:44:39.555 --> 00:44:41.900
is a step ahead of the rest
of the world

00:44:41.900 --> 00:44:44.095
on this issue of climate change
movement.

00:44:44.305 --> 00:44:46.950
Governments understand that working
together in solidarity

00:44:46.950 --> 00:44:48.925
is a strength of the region.

00:44:50.010 --> 00:44:54.295
In 2023, the Forum leaders endorsed
what's called

00:44:54.295 --> 00:44:57.825
the "Pacific Regional Framework on
Climate Mobility".

00:44:57.960 --> 00:45:00.605
It's the first of its kind anywhere
in the world.

00:45:01.045 --> 00:45:03.660
We have the commitment from the
leaders of the region,

00:45:03.660 --> 00:45:06.610
from the 18 member countries of the
Pacific Island Forum,

00:45:07.170 --> 00:45:08.410
and we're currently in the process

00:45:08.410 --> 00:45:10.410
of developing an
implementation plan.

00:45:11.285 --> 00:45:14.940
- Never before has the need for our
voices to be heard

00:45:15.200 --> 00:45:16.375
been more pressing.

00:45:17.100 --> 00:45:21.080
Never before has the need to stand
by our choices,

00:45:21.405 --> 00:45:23.765
our decisions, been more vital.

00:45:24.440 --> 00:45:27.480
And never before have we
had an opportunity

00:45:27.710 --> 00:45:31.565
to embody the Pacific Way
together as one.

00:45:33.605 --> 00:45:38.555
- The Pacific States are responsible
for just 0.02%

00:45:38.700 --> 00:45:41.210
of the world's greenhouse gas
emissions,

00:45:41.530 --> 00:45:44.310
but they are on the frontline of
climate change.

00:45:44.805 --> 00:45:48.850
Rising sea levels threaten to wipe
out several countries,

00:45:49.070 --> 00:45:53.025
including Tuvalu, Kiribati and the
Marshall Islands.

00:45:53.470 --> 00:45:57.745
The regional framework adopted in
2023 is unique

00:45:57.920 --> 00:46:01.025
in that it creates an obligation
of solidarity

00:46:01.025 --> 00:46:04.875
between all the states in the region
and eliminates borders.

00:46:06.200 --> 00:46:08.750
- Migration outwards to another
country

00:46:08.750 --> 00:46:10.520
is recognized in the framework.

00:46:11.620 --> 00:46:14.550
It's enabling Pacific Island people
to go to Australia

00:46:14.550 --> 00:46:17.275
and New Zealand and access
labor opportunities.

00:46:17.780 --> 00:46:20.620
But the priority really is for
staying in-country,

00:46:20.790 --> 00:46:22.550
which is a challenge for the
Pacific.

00:46:23.430 --> 00:46:27.875
So I think one of the key components
of enabling people to stay

00:46:27.875 --> 00:46:30.015
is a human rights-based approach,

00:46:30.015 --> 00:46:36.015
and within that is included
ideas like free,

00:46:36.580 --> 00:46:37.845
prior, and informed consent.

00:46:38.015 --> 00:46:40.960
So people are provided with
enough information

00:46:41.425 --> 00:46:43.140
to be able to make an informed
decision

00:46:43.140 --> 00:46:45.065
about whether or not to move.

00:46:45.905 --> 00:46:49.315
[waves lapping]

00:46:49.315 --> 00:46:54.315
[mortar and pestle clanking]

00:47:02.895 --> 00:47:06.800
[indistinct chatter]

00:47:07.205 --> 00:47:08.445
[liquid flowing]

00:47:46.286 --> 00:47:50.286
[gentle instrumental music]

00:47:56.540 --> 00:47:58.540
[water flowing]

00:48:03.593 --> 00:48:06.533
- It's not fair on us for people
to assume

00:48:06.533 --> 00:48:09.408
that we will just flee to another
country seeking refuge.

00:48:09.773 --> 00:48:10.958
We don't work like that.

00:48:11.138 --> 00:48:12.730
We never have and never will.

00:48:13.399 --> 00:48:16.495
[birds chirping]
[indistinct chatter]

00:49:17.098 --> 00:49:20.673
- Here in Europe in particular,
but also in northern America,

00:49:21.053 --> 00:49:24.530
we have all these tendencies to
rather close borders,

00:49:24.530 --> 00:49:25.645
not open them.

00:49:27.120 --> 00:49:28.150
In general.

00:49:29.190 --> 00:49:31.655
And in Europe, we don't have
many discussions

00:49:31.655 --> 00:49:35.720
about the admission of people
affected and displaced

00:49:35.720 --> 00:49:37.950
by climate change impacts.

00:49:37.950 --> 00:49:40.940
We need really to think hard about

00:49:41.640 --> 00:49:46.425
how globally we are facing this
challenge because

00:49:46.650 --> 00:49:50.150
the challenge will not go away,
it will increase.

00:49:50.340 --> 00:49:53.585
And it's better to start now to plan

00:49:53.975 --> 00:49:58.390
to make those kinds of migration
and movements

00:49:58.390 --> 00:50:04.390
of people regular, managed,
and not wait till we are faced

00:50:05.160 --> 00:50:08.965
with unmanageable situations.

00:50:09.690 --> 00:50:11.260
As it's always the same thing.

00:50:11.610 --> 00:50:14.470
Planning ahead is better than
missing that chance

00:50:14.640 --> 00:50:18.535
and then getting into chaotic and
very difficult situations.

00:50:19.208 --> 00:50:22.578
[poignant instrumental music]

00:50:22.578 --> 00:50:25.343
- Climate refugees remain largely
invisible

00:50:25.343 --> 00:50:27.200
in terms of international law.

00:50:27.640 --> 00:50:30.715
However, thanks to solidarity
agreements,

00:50:30.715 --> 00:50:34.215
official recognition of a unique
link to a territory,

00:50:34.400 --> 00:50:37.860
or simply access to protection
that already exists,

00:50:38.140 --> 00:50:41.600
many could avoid a departure
experienced as exile.

00:50:42.875 --> 00:50:45.835
As for those who have no choice but
to leave their country,

00:50:45.835 --> 00:50:48.120
being officially recognized
as victims

00:50:48.420 --> 00:50:51.370
would finally give them access
to basic rights

00:50:51.370 --> 00:50:53.220
that are currently denied to them.

00:50:53.220 --> 00:50:55.000
- The international community is
not serious.

00:50:57.945 --> 00:50:58.960
There is funding out there.

00:50:58.960 --> 00:51:01.420
But if you look at the amount of
money which is being provided

00:51:01.420 --> 00:51:04.555
on the development of AI and
compare that

00:51:04.555 --> 00:51:06.340
to the amount of money which is
being provided

00:51:06.340 --> 00:51:11.415
to emergency support,
building weather-resistant shelters,

00:51:11.415 --> 00:51:14.715
making sure that people can
live in dignity,

00:51:14.910 --> 00:51:16.595
there's a discrepancy there.

00:51:18.610 --> 00:51:22.765
People find it difficult to find a
return on their investment

00:51:22.765 --> 00:51:23.747
helping people.

00:51:23.750 --> 00:51:26.335
But we're saying, it's humanity.

00:51:26.335 --> 00:51:30.225
If you don't want refugees and
others coming to your regions,

00:51:30.525 --> 00:51:33.240
then do the obvious thing by
providing the support

00:51:33.240 --> 00:51:34.790
where people are.

00:51:35.500 --> 00:51:39.155
[waves crashing]

00:51:44.575 --> 00:51:46.320
- Day will come when I won't
be here.

00:51:50.415 --> 00:51:53.055
My generation, my children,
my grandchildren,

00:51:53.360 --> 00:51:54.645
they will be the ones who suffer.

00:51:56.390 --> 00:52:00.050
But I used to share to my children
that whatever happens,

00:52:00.465 --> 00:52:02.825
they will have to decide, properly.

00:52:04.785 --> 00:52:08.755
Like my father decided to move here,
I've decided to stay here.

00:52:10.240 --> 00:52:12.840
Because climate change,

00:52:13.940 --> 00:52:15.560
he doesn't make friends with anyone.

00:52:17.010 --> 00:52:18.010
He's a monster.

00:52:19.675 --> 00:52:21.270
I think the biggest monster in
this earth

00:52:21.270 --> 00:52:22.300
is the climate change,

00:52:23.000 --> 00:52:25.920
because the whole world is affected
by this climate change.

00:52:28.999 --> 00:52:33.999
[waves lapping]
[wind blowing]

00:52:36.342 --> 00:52:39.582
[pensive instrumental music]

00:52:39.582 --> 00:52:44.582
[gentle guitar playing]

00:52:51.637 --> 00:52:56.637
[pensive instrumental music]