WEBVTT

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Everyone talks about Vietnam
Cambodia came under

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the spotlight but large it's almost
sometimes so it never existed.

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Yet there was a war hero a secret war.

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One of the biggest bombing
campaigns in history.

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Those are the ground will never forget.

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Though at all our morgue
and La Jolla collegial

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double Nick I mean we go
dig up all the time to be

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the boom boom no alternative but I blouse.

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A tiny corner of Southeast Asia
saturated with unexploded bombs whom we

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think Kiva how collusive
Yangzhou these damn bomb.

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Going off all over Laos
killing children and

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peasants Funding for this program
was provided by the corporation

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for public broadcasting the John D. And
Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and

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the Rogers documentary fund Northern Laos.

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A lambda remote villages where people still
live much as they did long ago gathering

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their food from the land but this lamb that
feeds them also volts a hidden danger.

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Which more than 30 years
ago fell from the sky.

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Between 1964 in 1973 the
United States conducted

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a massive air war against louse
dropping so many bars as to make Laos.

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With it's 2.5 million people the
most heavily bombed country In

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history this was a secret
war in violation of

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the Geneva Accords and kept
secret from Congress and

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the American people the most feared type of

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bomb use was a newly developed
weapon known as a cluster bomb.

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An estimated 90 million cluster
bombs were dropped on louse.

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Many never exploded.

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Leaving the countryside glittered with
millions of unexploded bombs or bomb B's.

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I've read the figures of the nine years of
bombing the times all the rest of it bright.

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I'd never seen a landscape like that it was
unimaginable lie I had never ever never

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ever Experienced anything
on that scale from

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a technical point of view I'd
seen big minefields I'd seen.

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I'd seen some of the horrific situations
that happened from scattered legal minds

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in Afghanistan but I'd just
never seen a society that

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was so impregnated with ordinates
the Bombay is that we find out

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here are everywhere we
found them in Bamboo Trees

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where they've actually been
dropped when the bamboo was young

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and it's in the cleft of a branch
and it's grown up and you'll

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find it's all a ten foot up in
the branches we found them in

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school playgrounds in the
classrooms I'm the houses.

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It's everywhere Xiang Guan
province northern Laos.

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The approaching monsoon means it's
time to prepare the field for

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planting rice Boone's Harvey
and his family share the work

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and the risk and it got him at all
I hit pull out a life guided here

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no hope to adopt by Humana
never hit aloha to hit live

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Ajanta Bobby It may seem foolhardy
to work in a field of bombs.

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But Boone tabbies family doesn't have

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a choice They don't grow
enough food they won't eat.

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Over the years in this small plot.

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Ben Tabbai has already uncovered

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nearly 50 Bondi's Barrack Obama
didn't even turn what adenine

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I need either if

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the farm has got to Claire
was filled he'll take

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the chance and move you
know move the ordinates.

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It could be lucky nine times
out of ten but unfortunately

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in a lot of cases they
move them once and get

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killed Then one Levallois make a puppet

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Hua Lai Yan Dan adapt by by Lou up I ban
but it happened that I copied one lattice.

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Sounds saw a Pokemon developed
log viral double-dot beryllium

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hidden Katanga wouldn't Harvey and
his wife have a right to be worried.

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Since the end of the war there have been
more than 12 thousand casualties caused by

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unexploded ordnance unlike landmines

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which are designed to maim
cluster bombs are designed to

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kill and their metal fragments can be
lethal for us Two hundred and fifty yards.

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Often killing not only
fun but his family as

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well this is the bomb live unit 26
affection in air as the Bombay.

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It's sort of two hemispheres containing
up to about 80 grams of explosive.

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With a fuse internal sometimes they're found
in this condition they would drop yesterday

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and some left you can see the
ball bearings coming through

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the casing here they contained
about 300 ball bearings.

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Comes in two halves of a
bigger shell containing up to

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about 670 bomb nuts as
it drops to two halves

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open up these are thrown
out and city Slip stream.

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This is as you would see it
leaving the CPU the cluster bomb

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Unit two halves together these flutes on

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the outside impart spin that in turn
arms the central fuse and when it

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hits the ground it goes off

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300 ball bearings going off at
ballistic speed devastating Latin.

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Today's a special day in the
village of Tang newly boon to

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Harvey is family and the other villagers
take time away from their work

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to meet with a team from the mines advisory
group they meet in three Men women and

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children on how to prevent accidents
from unexploded ordinance or you X0.

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Children are especially at risk

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How can we go had been.

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Not all accidents happen to puppets.

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Run through our little me you don't
ignore it but thought luck while

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you've been doing it now
by Nunangat min-max

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your Dom anime and luckily he didn't like

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the map and ended up landing I

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think when when we first had any
contact with the people themselves.

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We'd ask them about casualties and they'd

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actually said well no
casualties on that but and of

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course as we began to
understand that in places like

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San Kuang in some places the casualties
compared with the mind casualties in Cambodia.

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We said why did you why did you say that

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the casualties situation wasn't a bug when
there were so many people being blown up and

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the answer was really an education
Because what we were told us we

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didn't think it was because
you know we'd live for this

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for two decades for more than
two decades it was normal.

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It was only now when we realize
that it's actually something

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extraordinary from talking
to you from the kind

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of planning that we're making
to solve the problem that

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we've realized it you don't
have to live with this

00:09:14.820 --> 00:09:22.820
thinkable me boon to having and
the villagers pinpoint over

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a 100 Barbies they've
seen laying around town

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New England the bomb
disposal team has already

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visited their village Before destroying

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bomb B's found near houses
and in the village center.

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Most of the ones identified today
or in nearby gardeners fields and

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pastures via our bound of theta.
While only feed.

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About half of our number
of 0.9 the villagers

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accompany lie as she verifies the bomb bees
that were marked on the map each is painted.

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To prevent accidents until the
bomb disposal team can return

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linearly Bombas had been
killing people in Laos

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for more than 30 years it was
the Mennonites and Quakers from

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North America who first tried to do something
about it they put that beliefs on the line.

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Quite literally to go there
to work there and it was

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the Mennonites above all who brought
the attention of the world to

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what had happened and models
Mennonites are still working in

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Laos Canadian Betty caused Earth has
been here for the last five years and

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Mennonite Central Committee first
came to allows in 1975 immediately

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following the war and are
initially our efforts were

00:10:48.169 --> 00:10:52.309
mostly in reconstruction and
rehabilitation from the war

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The first priority was helping people
grow more food but unexploded bombs

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were killing thousands of people
mostly farmers who traditionally tilde

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their land by striking the
ground with a hole in

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response the Mennonites and Quakers
distributed thousands of shovels

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providing a gentler way to turn the
Earth but people were still dying.

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We realized that the problem was on

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such a large scale that we certainly didn't
have the expertise we needed to call them

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professional experts to deal with
this and the nights are farmers where

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pacifists we certainly don't have the The
expertise to deal with with more materials.

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Their call for help was answered by

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the mind's advisory group or mag a British
Humanitarian de mining organization villagers

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were drained as demolition experts.

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Today a mag bomb disposal team
is back in the village of

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John nuh-uh they're
heading out to deal with

00:12:10.249 --> 00:12:11.389
the Bombay is marked at

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last week's meeting It was in one
of the first groups of trainees.

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At first. She wasn't sure this job was for

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her Daniella minima Dido and
hope you know how coming

00:12:29.960 --> 00:12:37.960
in at Daniela burden or a non-Han pole and
non-core Boolean non-common Bay behavior gun.

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Like a token Ci Zai Bi Bi De Min dialect

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a quarter mile of electrical
firing cable does run out to

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a hillside pasture and
positioned around a group B's.

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Each bumpy is prepared for demolition Neil

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my law is an expert at blowing up
bombards the tools of her trade or

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TNT and wire with a blasting cap on the
end the cap is inserted into the TNT.

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Which is carefully placed on
the bumpy the electrical leads

00:13:34.520 --> 00:13:42.520
are connected to the firing
cable Now to be safe.

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Everyone must be at least
a quarter mile away.

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You've gotta get it right
first time every cell and get

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anyone could blow something up
it's not doing collateral damage

00:14:01.880 --> 00:14:09.880
is I'll kill anyone it's not killing
yourself how Qu Zuo Yan Jiu Yan hit

00:14:11.860 --> 00:14:19.860
hit hit

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hit Doing

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it five days a week looking for organs in

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the ground and it is potentially life
threatening every time they go to work.

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Now where ouside yet not pulling
Juan headman germline and mending

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kit but there's one band
we are now on and lie and

00:14:56.980 --> 00:15:04.980
lie Kahneman go hang B and F we have
neon Allah has her work cut out for

00:15:05.200 --> 00:15:08.299
her It's estimated that ten to 30% of

00:15:08.300 --> 00:15:12.709
all the cluster bombs dropped on allows
failed to explode when they hit the ground.

00:15:12.710 --> 00:15:16.159
Leaving ten to 30 million bottles.

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Cluster bombs don't explode
for a number of reasons.

00:15:20.254 --> 00:15:23.929
If they're container opens to low
the Bartlett's might not spin

00:15:23.930 --> 00:15:27.649
enough times to complete their
arming cycle or they might land in

00:15:27.650 --> 00:15:31.204
water or mud and lay on the
ground partially aren't

00:15:31.205 --> 00:15:36.270
waiting only for a kick or a
hit or a spin to set them off.

00:15:40.840 --> 00:15:42.964
Others get buried.

00:15:42.965 --> 00:15:47.519
Only to resurface years later
as rains wash the soil away

00:15:47.520 --> 00:15:55.520
So on one of their village visits Betty
learns a bit recently discovered Bombay.

00:15:57.214 --> 00:16:01.848
The bomb clearance team has already
been to this village 18 times.

00:16:01.849 --> 00:16:09.829
They'll have to come back
again large parts of

00:16:09.830 --> 00:16:13.609
Laos were affected by the bombing
the American bombardment

00:16:13.610 --> 00:16:17.823
was focused on two areas the
first was in the south.

00:16:17.824 --> 00:16:21.078
Where the North Vietnamese were
moving people and supplies

00:16:21.079 --> 00:16:24.288
into South Vietnam along
jungle paths known as

00:16:24.289 --> 00:16:31.984
the hace Minh Trail The secondary
bombed was in the Northern Highlands.

00:16:31.985 --> 00:16:35.358
Here the attack was directed
at Laojun communists known

00:16:35.359 --> 00:16:39.689
as the path that loud and they're
North Vietnamese supporters.

00:16:40.330 --> 00:16:47.309
The US was focused on stopping what it saw as
the spread of communism in Southeast Asia.

00:16:50.620 --> 00:16:54.243
On the ground a civil war it was going on

00:16:54.244 --> 00:16:58.339
the Communist Party had lousy side
as a struggle for liberation.

00:16:58.340 --> 00:17:01.998
They were fighting the royal allow
government which was supported by

00:17:01.999 --> 00:17:07.969
American airpower the US also put together

00:17:07.970 --> 00:17:15.949
a mercenary army Composed of mung tribesmen
recruited and paid by the CIA but the U.S.

00:17:15.950 --> 00:17:19.968
wasn't supposed to be doing any
of this it had signed the 1960

00:17:19.969 --> 00:17:25.409
to Geneva Accords prohibiting American
military involvement in Laos.

00:17:26.050 --> 00:17:33.078
The 1960 to Geneva Accords dictated
that louse would be a neutral country.

00:17:33.079 --> 00:17:36.949
However the United States also
decided the 1960 too that we would

00:17:36.950 --> 00:17:41.358
pursue a covert or secret
strategy and this is why when we

00:17:41.359 --> 00:17:47.959
talk about louse we always sort of say it
was the secret war planes relaunched from

00:17:47.960 --> 00:17:50.478
five strike bases in Thailand and tune in

00:17:50.479 --> 00:17:55.159
South Vietnam More than 2 million
tons of bombs were dropped on louse.

00:17:55.160 --> 00:17:58.413
More than the U.S. dropped on
Germany and Japan combined.

00:17:58.414 --> 00:18:00.540
During all of World War

00:18:01.090 --> 00:18:07.098
initial targets were communists troops
supply depots and lines of communication.

00:18:07.099 --> 00:18:12.318
Later to prevent the tet Lao having
access to men and materials firearms

00:18:12.319 --> 00:18:17.884
villages and towns were destroyed the
consequences for civilians were devastating.

00:18:17.885 --> 00:18:25.885
And then Malala some hominin Metallica
Mazu Tom for me and I'm not

00:18:26.810 --> 00:18:34.810
Rwandan beta1 Bellagio vocabulary
They would have all my hit

00:18:37.270 --> 00:18:45.270
hit hit hit hit now gone
but again with some ma

00:18:45.925 --> 00:18:53.925
ma bomb so how would we land by Milan.

00:18:55.560 --> 00:19:03.560
Hit Gimbli Balu umami and kinda
marble well-meaning Matthiae named

00:19:04.819 --> 00:19:12.819
tons out 60 non-oil attempt continued not
there can kindle and on on their health Oh.

00:19:15.095 --> 00:19:19.969
Wouldn't apply a mock
hadn't uncut nato that

00:19:19.970 --> 00:19:27.970
dirt bike una though adore
our new hula morgue.

00:19:29.809 --> 00:19:35.683
A collegial taboo. Boom boom no autonomy

00:19:35.684 --> 00:19:43.684
but the hand Mortensen
Jamnia neuron but me.

00:19:45.380 --> 00:19:50.053
Value and ongoing.

00:19:50.054 --> 00:19:58.054
Problem how long can mount London Not
without filled out madani and near

00:19:59.809 --> 00:20:03.679
the narny that lays out

00:20:03.680 --> 00:20:11.680
the Narnia there's plenty

00:20:13.280 --> 00:20:16.399
of work the Mankiw teams
destroy an average of

00:20:16.400 --> 00:20:20.944
500 pieces of ordinance or weak gravity
law teams that we've recruited.

00:20:20.945 --> 00:20:22.924
Most of them were farmers.

00:20:22.925 --> 00:20:26.839
Six years ago the teams now are
so experienced they're doing

00:20:26.840 --> 00:20:33.769
about 9597% of the demolitions every
day the more complicated stuff.

00:20:33.770 --> 00:20:38.134
White phosphorous demolitions
big bombs And that's where

00:20:38.135 --> 00:20:40.939
the technical advisor will
go out with the teams and do

00:20:40.940 --> 00:20:43.699
sort of on the job training and dig

00:20:43.700 --> 00:20:47.688
it out of their poverty and

00:20:47.689 --> 00:20:54.424
a tree and get

00:20:54.425 --> 00:20:59.658
into the black is the dig down and then.

00:20:59.659 --> 00:21:07.098
Under the Semite sure it's a complete bomb
therapy minutes yet What we've got here is

00:21:07.099 --> 00:21:11.569
a 500 pound American aid box big bomb went

00:21:11.570 --> 00:21:16.953
off now it would send pieces at the
casing at least one kilometer.

00:21:16.954 --> 00:21:20.599
You'd get razor sharp casing.

00:21:20.600 --> 00:21:24.693
Going up a ballistic speed
in excessive a kilometer.

00:21:24.694 --> 00:21:28.068
At this stage we're not gonna move it
will just uncover it let the village is

00:21:28.069 --> 00:21:31.384
no Yes it is a big bomb tele
villages not say go near

00:21:31.385 --> 00:21:34.158
and then we'll come back next
week with some equipment

00:21:34.159 --> 00:21:38.598
and try and split the bomb open so
we can move it away you would add it

00:21:38.599 --> 00:21:40.459
exploding and doing damage to

00:21:40.460 --> 00:21:42.480
the surrounding villages

00:21:49.270 --> 00:21:50.568
Over

00:21:50.569 --> 00:21:54.063
0.5 million bombing missions
were targeted directly at Laos.

00:21:54.064 --> 00:21:57.799
Plus additional bombs were
dropped here for another reason

00:21:57.800 --> 00:22:02.208
U.S. aircraft flying bombing missions
against North Vietnam oftentimes

00:22:02.209 --> 00:22:04.909
would not be able to carry
out the mission because of

00:22:04.910 --> 00:22:08.628
weather or because the defenses
in the area were too strong for

00:22:08.629 --> 00:22:11.179
the aircraft to get in so on on

00:22:11.180 --> 00:22:15.409
many occasions upon returning to
their home bases in Thailand.

00:22:15.410 --> 00:22:19.893
They would be diverted to secondary
targets in Laos because aircraft.

00:22:19.894 --> 00:22:23.119
Did not want to return to
base and have to go through

00:22:23.120 --> 00:22:26.329
a safety issue of actually landing
the aircraft with ordinance

00:22:26.330 --> 00:22:31.789
on horn For many years

00:22:31.790 --> 00:22:37.894
these diversions troubled lead thorn
in 1966 he had enlisted in the Navy.

00:22:37.895 --> 00:22:42.198
I was gung ho you know I was
like I thought that we were

00:22:42.199 --> 00:22:43.849
doing the right thing being the calm isn't

00:22:43.850 --> 00:22:46.488
everything he was assigned
to an aircraft carrier.

00:22:46.489 --> 00:22:52.278
Where he loaded cluster and other bombs and
a lot of those bombs ended up in Laos.

00:22:52.279 --> 00:22:54.679
Sometimes they went
allows because there was

00:22:54.680 --> 00:22:57.148
a particular target
although I never saw with

00:22:57.149 --> 00:23:02.749
the helots Hart walks and most of
Honestly abroad. Were just adult.

00:23:02.750 --> 00:23:09.333
Another refuse duties was showing pilots films
at the bombing images he couldn't forget.

00:23:09.334 --> 00:23:17.334
By the time he left the Navy Severe
post-traumatic stress disorder for 32 years

00:23:18.874 --> 00:23:22.098
was very very rare that
I ever slept through

00:23:22.099 --> 00:23:25.729
the night and I first got back
if somebody touched me during

00:23:25.730 --> 00:23:32.329
the night item in my sleep I got over that
but I never got over the nightmares I never

00:23:32.330 --> 00:23:34.668
got over the sleep disturbances that

00:23:34.669 --> 00:23:39.393
cold sweats years later Lee came
to Laos and faced his demons.

00:23:39.394 --> 00:23:41.704
Here in this Buddhist temple.

00:23:41.705 --> 00:23:45.964
There's three pictures here
that have tremendous effect on.

00:23:45.965 --> 00:23:50.898
After I saw them in the context
of this temple was began to sleep

00:23:50.899 --> 00:23:55.803
again Horrendous pictures to

00:23:55.804 --> 00:23:58.129
her the kind of pictures that you
know most people would want to turn

00:23:58.130 --> 00:24:00.738
away from an I felt great.

00:24:00.739 --> 00:24:02.658
Because these are pictures of war.

00:24:02.659 --> 00:24:05.914
These are pictures of of exactly how words.

00:24:05.915 --> 00:24:08.839
Always has been and here they were right in

00:24:08.840 --> 00:24:12.738
their most sacred place and best
place their very best place.

00:24:12.739 --> 00:24:16.279
Got their best artists their
best people they didn't run

00:24:16.280 --> 00:24:21.169
away from the evil that had
been done to them they

00:24:21.170 --> 00:24:24.198
looked at it they faced it but always in

00:24:24.199 --> 00:24:28.549
the middle of spiritual
representations of compassion and

00:24:28.550 --> 00:24:34.308
loving kindness generosity and
this generosity was being given to

00:24:34.309 --> 00:24:41.718
me at that moment But different
wow people and very new.

00:24:41.719 --> 00:24:44.249
So I have dropped honestly.

00:24:45.370 --> 00:24:51.304
Now instead of sending bombs to
allows Lee brings medical supplies.

00:24:51.305 --> 00:24:59.305
This trip nearly ten times five is JI
foundation named after allow word which means

00:24:59.855 --> 00:25:03.918
hearts and minds working together
assists Lao hospitals and

00:25:03.919 --> 00:25:09.989
schools and on both sides And
helping to heal the wounds of war.

00:25:19.090 --> 00:25:23.164
More than half of all bomb
victims die on the spot

00:25:23.165 --> 00:25:28.128
Peruvian survived in that
respect at least. He's lucky.

00:25:28.129 --> 00:25:31.819
He's out than some because Bear.

00:25:31.820 --> 00:25:37.494
Don't tell mom bed moaning could come
hang out so TM4 non-GAAP and need.

00:25:37.495 --> 00:25:42.918
Quality Pepsi and Coke appealing had
baby sub subroutine I my life smell

00:25:42.919 --> 00:25:50.433
miny asthma inhalers and came up with
like a sub 42 but amid lay Right am I.

00:25:50.434 --> 00:25:58.434
Saying sigma1 lending Camala mobile
woman table Burleigh MovieLens wife.

00:26:00.365 --> 00:26:03.480
Will never forget what she saw.

00:26:12.020 --> 00:26:20.020
Put now

00:26:23.350 --> 00:26:26.568
pedaling south ammonium

00:26:26.569 --> 00:26:32.929
and ammonia Colonnade up

00:26:32.930 --> 00:26:37.564
we'll come out on law and CS Athena.

00:26:37.565 --> 00:26:45.565
Kind of colony wow what suboptimal
level we had done and how well how

00:26:47.525 --> 00:26:52.309
money and

00:26:52.310 --> 00:26:59.040
have a num colony I did die.

00:27:01.210 --> 00:27:06.273
Dr. Boulevard is the first woman
surgeon in the history of Laos.

00:27:06.274 --> 00:27:10.699
When she was a child planes bombed
to village again and again.

00:27:10.700 --> 00:27:17.749
Her mother and grandparents
were killed A doctor The

00:27:17.750 --> 00:27:19.759
first she ever saw came to help

00:27:19.760 --> 00:27:25.399
the survivors seven-year-old boy of a
dream that one day she would be like Him.

00:27:25.400 --> 00:27:29.689
Now Dr. guava and works
where she's needed most in

00:27:29.690 --> 00:27:35.539
the trauma ward where she sees more
than a 100 Bombay victims via year she

00:27:35.540 --> 00:27:39.439
does the best you can with the
available resources or hospital has

00:27:39.440 --> 00:27:43.519
only five hours of electricity
per day and until recently

00:27:43.520 --> 00:27:51.520
didn't have running water Everyone

00:27:51.560 --> 00:27:55.564
talked about Vietnam Cambodia came
under the spotlight but Laos.

00:27:55.565 --> 00:27:59.808
It's almost sometimes as though
it never existed and yet.

00:27:59.809 --> 00:28:06.858
There'd been a crime perpetrated against
those people that was that was comparable

00:28:06.859 --> 00:28:13.788
in my mind to to some of the greatest war
crimes of all time that was it was wrong.

00:28:13.789 --> 00:28:17.370
This was a wrong against humanity.

00:28:18.490 --> 00:28:24.858
It's been a long time since the city of
Sam knew was bond but the Earth still

00:28:24.859 --> 00:28:30.934
bears witness to that event Jerboa.

00:28:30.935 --> 00:28:35.974
A German de mining organization is looking
for bomb bees in front of the high school.

00:28:35.975 --> 00:28:39.229
An occurrence so common
students hardly noticed.

00:28:39.230 --> 00:28:45.214
To date the team has discovered
367 Bobby's today's take

00:28:45.215 --> 00:28:51.648
seven more the bomb bees are

00:28:51.649 --> 00:28:54.619
carefully Sam begged to
absorb the blast and

00:28:54.620 --> 00:28:59.639
the thousands of razor sharp
fragments and the area is secured

00:29:20.860 --> 00:29:27.438
Oh bomb clearance and education programs
are the responsibility of UX overhaul.

00:29:27.439 --> 00:29:31.729
Allow government organization
it's deputy director is

00:29:31.730 --> 00:29:37.338
Tong Dang Ran Liao cantilever
paella peony oak and Qipulu Hale so

00:29:37.339 --> 00:29:38.549
Babylonia they become law

00:29:38.550 --> 00:29:42.828
Googleable luminaire too
appealing bullet fellow

00:29:42.829 --> 00:29:49.009
y'all come right here because imagine
that you are how how Groupon.

00:29:49.010 --> 00:29:53.768
Upon combo high-level happy if they couldn't
live an appeal if m p less than who

00:29:53.769 --> 00:29:58.248
you are You XOR Lao would not have

00:29:58.249 --> 00:30:02.268
been established without the help of
the United Nations which continues

00:30:02.269 --> 00:30:06.378
to support its work the program
here has two objectives one is

00:30:06.379 --> 00:30:10.669
purely humanitarian reducing
casualties from UX I but the other is

00:30:10.670 --> 00:30:14.389
more long-term relevance really to

00:30:14.390 --> 00:30:17.448
the economic regeneration
of this region went every

00:30:17.449 --> 00:30:20.719
inch of land potentially
harbors and unexploded bombs.

00:30:20.720 --> 00:30:23.748
It's more difficult and
more expensive to build

00:30:23.749 --> 00:30:28.909
new highways hospitals and schools is
it any wonder that allows remains one

00:30:28.910 --> 00:30:33.108
of the poorest countries in the
world the longer we tank to clear

00:30:33.109 --> 00:30:39.450
the USO the longer that legacy of
poverty Will remain within the country.

00:30:39.850 --> 00:30:44.209
However. Once the unexploded
bombs are destroyed and

00:30:44.210 --> 00:30:48.394
people can live their daily lives
without fear a lot can happen

00:30:48.395 --> 00:30:50.519
in the village of marijuana.

00:30:50.520 --> 00:30:54.558
The Mennonite Central Committee has been
working with the villagers to improve

00:30:54.559 --> 00:30:59.058
their standard of living together
they've dug a new water system.

00:30:59.059 --> 00:31:07.059
Bringing clean water into the village started
growing new varieties of rice that produce

00:31:08.269 --> 00:31:13.023
larger yield built a new school

00:31:13.024 --> 00:31:16.369
and started a weaving cooperatives where

00:31:16.370 --> 00:31:20.850
the village women pool their
skills to increase Profits.

00:31:22.690 --> 00:31:25.849
Things look good here but

00:31:25.850 --> 00:31:30.078
the village population has nearly
doubled and to feed all their children.

00:31:30.079 --> 00:31:35.208
Next year the villages will be forced to start
farming land that hasn't yet been clear to

00:31:35.209 --> 00:31:36.600
Bombay

00:31:49.000 --> 00:31:50.584
soap

00:31:50.585 --> 00:31:51.470
as his own way

00:31:51.471 --> 00:31:54.138
of dealing with the leadings of war he beat

00:31:54.139 --> 00:31:57.559
swords into ploughshares and
does it with metal from

00:31:57.560 --> 00:32:02.958
American bombs tornado Egon And what I

00:32:02.959 --> 00:32:09.484
had Nick Moon heaven.

00:32:09.485 --> 00:32:15.389
Has a metallic money.

00:32:15.390 --> 00:32:20.599
Yeah. And you know so Mel I

00:32:20.600 --> 00:32:27.119
can para who are Alloway and
getName Kenyan number can ship.

00:32:28.480 --> 00:32:36.480
So. Still remembers with bombs fell from
the sky and you talk about one unborn Nuwa

00:32:39.500 --> 00:32:47.500
but graphed below Wipe
off every year how she

00:32:52.710 --> 00:33:00.710
had gone to shorten could yep

00:33:03.150 --> 00:33:11.150
you know a container that once held 700 cluster
bombs will be beaten into a dozen shovels

00:33:15.090 --> 00:33:17.619
and artillery shells serves as

00:33:17.620 --> 00:33:23.439
an ample and tubes that once
dropped American flares had been

00:33:23.440 --> 00:33:31.440
made into bellows The bed merge on me.

00:33:31.475 --> 00:33:39.475
Ha ha ha ha below law put Popolo
Dao Xiang Zai Yan I think with

00:33:41.434 --> 00:33:43.968
without a lot of technology
people are often very

00:33:43.969 --> 00:33:47.478
resourceful they they look at
what they have around and they

00:33:47.479 --> 00:33:54.259
use it and and and with unexploded ordinance
that allow people had been very resourceful.

00:33:54.260 --> 00:33:57.739
I've seen it used in
support for the houses.

00:33:57.740 --> 00:34:03.648
I've seen it used as fences I've seen it
used as troughs to feed their animals I've

00:34:03.649 --> 00:34:10.399
seen it used and for herbal gardens
where they go herbs In small anions.

00:34:10.400 --> 00:34:13.189
I've just seen it used in a variety of

00:34:13.190 --> 00:34:21.190
ways in surplus house a deadly cluster
bomb has been turned into a lamp.

00:34:21.520 --> 00:34:28.169
In the kitchen fire recoil this rifle
shells former stand for holding pods.

00:34:28.720 --> 00:34:33.828
Given the bowls and spoons are
made out of metal from bombs.

00:34:33.829 --> 00:34:37.998
But it's the bombs outside the
house that concerns soda.

00:34:37.999 --> 00:34:40.350
All Coppin who answered.

00:34:40.510 --> 00:34:48.510
For coal Paul why guy

00:34:48.949 --> 00:34:55.999
and my lead lie not.

00:34:56.000 --> 00:35:03.489
Never opponent go whoa sheila cola but man
gohyang imprudent bare minimum momentum.

00:35:05.020 --> 00:35:08.808
Children down here as all over
the world they are attracted

00:35:08.809 --> 00:35:11.838
to small objects things that
they can play with and a lot

00:35:11.839 --> 00:35:15.348
of the bomb b's are just
just the right size of

00:35:15.349 --> 00:35:20.823
a small ball so just picking that up playing
around tossing it around to each other or

00:35:20.824 --> 00:35:26.268
or throwing it will put them in danger
because it could it could be alive

00:35:26.269 --> 00:35:34.269
bomb The United States has
helped train hundreds

00:35:35.059 --> 00:35:38.899
of people including medical
personnel demolition teams and

00:35:38.900 --> 00:35:44.403
their trainers and set up a fund to help cover
the medical expenses of Bombay victims.

00:35:44.404 --> 00:35:48.169
Also. Along with a dozen
other countries the U.S.

00:35:48.170 --> 00:35:53.190
helps fund some of the costs of
ridding Laos of unexploded bombs.

00:35:53.500 --> 00:35:58.579
But is the U.S. doing enough
the United States did

00:35:58.580 --> 00:36:04.368
conduct bombing campaign in Laos and
from that perspective I think does

00:36:04.369 --> 00:36:08.359
bear some responsibility in the
post-war period to try and assist

00:36:08.360 --> 00:36:12.453
allow government It's a very
complicated relationship

00:36:12.454 --> 00:36:15.333
there's a lot of suspicion
on the part of Laos.

00:36:15.334 --> 00:36:18.573
As far as what the United
States might intend to do

00:36:18.574 --> 00:36:22.639
the United States has offered aid over
the years and assistance and trying to

00:36:22.640 --> 00:36:25.309
work this problem but it
is understandable that

00:36:25.310 --> 00:36:28.068
allow on many occasions have declined U.S.

00:36:28.069 --> 00:36:30.708
assistance the United States hasn't

00:36:30.709 --> 00:36:35.253
accepted responsibility for
the crime committed in love.

00:36:35.254 --> 00:36:37.639
That's absolutely certain.

00:36:37.640 --> 00:36:43.428
They see the very small amount they are
doing to help in Laos now as sort of

00:36:43.429 --> 00:36:50.313
charity They should start putting
money and assistance into louse.

00:36:50.314 --> 00:36:53.494
On the on the scale of a Marshall Plan.

00:36:53.495 --> 00:36:57.030
That's what they owe to the people of Laos.

00:37:05.710 --> 00:37:08.989
A third of all bomb be
accidents happened to

00:37:08.990 --> 00:37:12.859
children in A-bomb infested
country like Laos.

00:37:12.860 --> 00:37:18.198
Even every day chores like putting old
YT out to pasture expose children to

00:37:18.199 --> 00:37:24.438
danger and seeing so
much recycled ordinance

00:37:24.439 --> 00:37:28.459
around the house can make it
seem familiar And harmless.

00:37:28.460 --> 00:37:31.503
Young boys are especially at risk.

00:37:31.504 --> 00:37:34.729
Like boys everywhere they're
eager to prove their mettle and

00:37:34.730 --> 00:37:38.583
attracted by danger and know
if they can open a balmy.

00:37:38.584 --> 00:37:40.549
They can harvest the ball bearings.

00:37:40.550 --> 00:37:45.330
Which make better slingshot ammunition
than the usual stones are nuts.

00:37:47.080 --> 00:37:50.853
Who are calm and her son town yup

00:37:50.854 --> 00:37:54.930
learned what can happen when
boys get mixed up with bombs

00:37:55.300 --> 00:38:03.300
and so alone they
hullabaloo neon signs mean.

00:38:06.140 --> 00:38:09.049
La la la la la la

00:38:09.050 --> 00:38:12.719
La la

00:38:15.070 --> 00:38:20.959
la la

00:38:20.960 --> 00:38:24.633
la la la la la la men

00:38:24.634 --> 00:38:32.634
men who at the moon and ran Minecraft
Sammy Emilia man-made seat men been

00:38:34.280 --> 00:38:41.119
Cankebar Nala makes it a near by

00:38:41.120 --> 00:38:49.120
hot hot Papineni prep but don't eat
matzo to again can Cody And move

00:38:51.104 --> 00:38:52.380
your

00:39:22.990 --> 00:39:24.469
song

00:39:24.470 --> 00:39:25.039
is sung

00:39:25.040 --> 00:39:29.314
in hundreds of schools the Mennonites
believed that learning about Bombay.

00:39:29.315 --> 00:39:33.213
Is as important as any other
subject taught at school We've

00:39:33.214 --> 00:39:37.279
introduced a curriculum into the
schools here in the dxi area

00:39:37.280 --> 00:39:40.759
a curriculum that was
developed by Consortium and

00:39:40.760 --> 00:39:44.238
we have provided the teachers
with training and then also

00:39:44.239 --> 00:39:47.569
developed other materials to help in making

00:39:47.570 --> 00:39:52.308
the children more aware of the dangers of
this unexplode ordinance and what they should

00:39:52.309 --> 00:39:58.729
do it on your team stay after class

00:39:58.730 --> 00:40:00.859
to discuss a new activity started by

00:40:00.860 --> 00:40:05.329
the teacher to help children recognize
the difference between Bombay.

00:40:05.330 --> 00:40:09.798
And the fruits which they resemble he
had the makeup Barbies out of clay.

00:40:09.799 --> 00:40:14.850
Because he said that this students
then knew what to look for Rain Man

00:40:15.010 --> 00:40:18.889
So maybe that would be something
that uhm I could suggest

00:40:18.890 --> 00:40:22.770
to to other schools as
well and other villages.

00:40:25.360 --> 00:40:33.360
There's been an accident and what that
says yes this is not about hobbies or

00:40:35.299 --> 00:40:43.299
your 10-year-old Raya Was playing on a
hillside when he found a Bombay and tried

00:40:45.229 --> 00:40:53.229
to crack it open even a
single Bombay fragment

00:40:55.159 --> 00:41:03.159
can kill If your mask elements a second way
to let us know who come out and destroy

00:41:03.520 --> 00:41:11.520
it and even hoping

00:41:12.909 --> 00:41:17.978
any lunch cone cone Llama Callen Baba.

00:41:17.979 --> 00:41:23.209
By happened not the common man

00:41:23.760 --> 00:41:30.344
as a way to help keep children safe Martin
done organizes arts workshops about bumpy.

00:41:30.345 --> 00:41:33.639
Often the children or draw from
their own experiences a lot of

00:41:33.640 --> 00:41:36.953
it is from the lessons that they've
learned in the curriculum.

00:41:36.954 --> 00:41:40.009
They've learned about a certain
situation where It could be

00:41:40.010 --> 00:41:43.668
dangerous so they they often draw
from that the best drawings will be

00:41:43.669 --> 00:41:46.878
made into posters and distributed
to schools and other parts of

00:41:46.879 --> 00:41:50.119
the country Martin's learned
that children respond

00:41:50.120 --> 00:41:52.549
to messages created by other children

00:41:52.550 --> 00:41:56.884
this workshop is part of a larger
Bombay awareness curriculum.

00:41:56.885 --> 00:41:59.988
It's not just something
that children are tested on

00:41:59.989 --> 00:42:03.078
and they will get an a on New
York so awareness it's it's

00:42:03.079 --> 00:42:05.643
something that we see in their
behaviour as well and we have

00:42:05.644 --> 00:42:09.199
many anecdotes of situations
where children are definitely

00:42:09.200 --> 00:42:11.568
prevented an accident
because of what they've

00:42:11.569 --> 00:42:14.028
learned in school and it makes
me feel good and I want

00:42:14.029 --> 00:42:22.029
to hear that sort of thing And the time

00:42:23.690 --> 00:42:25.638
don't do the crack.

00:42:25.639 --> 00:42:28.954
Wherever risk and three months and our

00:42:28.955 --> 00:42:34.053
700 Dow and Bob David off
has been arrested 41 times.

00:42:34.054 --> 00:42:41.268
He's been protesting
here for a long time It

00:42:41.269 --> 00:42:44.478
all began in the 60s when
a diffused cluster bomb

00:42:44.479 --> 00:42:48.529
came back from Vietnam and
found its way into his hands.

00:42:48.530 --> 00:42:52.009
I've had this cluster bombshell.

00:42:52.010 --> 00:43:00.010
Since 1969 and I carried with
me everywhere I go I tell it to

00:43:01.069 --> 00:43:09.069
my students and I describe what
it does to human beings and it's

00:43:09.185 --> 00:43:14.089
terrorists weapon when dropped edX blows

00:43:14.090 --> 00:43:19.068
and the steel ball bearings some
fatter than the shell shoot out

00:43:19.069 --> 00:43:23.689
2200 feet per second Burrowing into

00:43:23.690 --> 00:43:31.690
the human body and causing terrible
internal drama lung lever.

00:43:31.894 --> 00:43:34.743
When Marv discovered that
Honeywell Corporation.

00:43:34.744 --> 00:43:39.858
A leading manufacturer of cluster bombs was
located in his hometown of Minneapolis.

00:43:39.859 --> 00:43:43.128
He started the Honeywell
project a series of

00:43:43.129 --> 00:43:45.739
non-violent demonstrations aimed at getting

00:43:45.740 --> 00:43:48.528
Honeywell to stop making
cluster bombs Langley

00:43:48.529 --> 00:43:50.628
began there were a few of us maybe

00:43:50.629 --> 00:43:56.718
30 to 60 and then to kept
outline growing die 1970 we had

00:43:56.719 --> 00:44:04.719
3 thousand people the company wouldn't
budge Neither would the protesters.

00:44:05.824 --> 00:44:13.824
Who kept coming back month after month
year after year in 1977 the project

00:44:15.769 --> 00:44:17.629
learn that they had been infiltrated by

00:44:17.630 --> 00:44:23.898
paid FBI informers they sued Honeywell and
the FBI who both settled out of court

00:44:23.899 --> 00:44:31.899
IMO gave us 35 thousand the US government
gave us 35 thousand we took the high while

00:44:32.979 --> 00:44:39.798
Mani Senate to on American Friends
Service Committee shovels for laws

00:44:39.799 --> 00:44:41.490
project

00:44:48.880 --> 00:44:50.029
The

00:44:50.030 --> 00:44:51.483
demonstrations continued

00:44:51.484 --> 00:44:54.589
and finally after nearly
three decades of protest.

00:44:54.590 --> 00:44:57.364
This plant stuff making cluster bombs.

00:44:57.365 --> 00:45:01.818
Still the production and use
of cluster bombs is spreading.

00:45:01.819 --> 00:45:05.194
Recently they were used in Kosevo by nato.

00:45:05.195 --> 00:45:10.369
For some extraordinary reasons having
stated that the major objective

00:45:10.370 --> 00:45:15.633
of the nato campaign was two Get
people back to their home safely.

00:45:15.634 --> 00:45:17.659
They then use the weapon.

00:45:17.660 --> 00:45:21.589
Both the U.S. and the RAF the UK Air Force

00:45:21.590 --> 00:45:26.359
used a weapon that they knew was
going to actually cause a problem

00:45:26.360 --> 00:45:31.459
for people returning home and that's
exactly what it's doing 40 to 50% of

00:45:31.460 --> 00:45:34.638
the casualties caused to

00:45:34.639 --> 00:45:39.869
the people who've returned the return
refugees are caused by cluster bombs.

00:45:47.830 --> 00:45:52.158
At first bomb disposal
teams in Laos focused on

00:45:52.159 --> 00:45:56.419
destroying unexploded ordinance
located above ground In places where

00:45:56.420 --> 00:46:01.279
people live in towns and
villages but allows is

00:46:01.280 --> 00:46:06.409
lucky to have extremely fertile farmland
and now the bomb disposal teams

00:46:06.410 --> 00:46:09.768
have started working here
so farmers can safely use

00:46:09.769 --> 00:46:15.063
it because farmers dig and plow the Earth

00:46:15.064 --> 00:46:18.799
the search for bomb b's must
go below the surface it's

00:46:18.800 --> 00:46:25.368
a dangerous and painstaking process every
reading on the detector must be gently exposed.

00:46:25.369 --> 00:46:28.938
Every inch of ground must
be carefully checked and

00:46:28.939 --> 00:46:32.508
rechecked often the days
take is nothing more than

00:46:32.509 --> 00:46:38.839
old bullet shells rusty nails and odd bits
of bomb frag but sometimes The results are

00:46:38.840 --> 00:46:45.483
more threatening Guangdong and nice
little uncluttered translator.

00:46:45.484 --> 00:46:50.013
Who could have multiple semiconductors.

00:46:50.014 --> 00:46:56.969
It's slow demanding work to clear a
field this size could take many months

00:47:06.940 --> 00:47:12.498
October 30th 1960 eight President
Lyndon Johnson calls for

00:47:12.499 --> 00:47:18.109
a halt to the bombing of North Vietnam and
is hailed Dramatic effort to bring peace.

00:47:18.110 --> 00:47:26.110
I have now ordered that our air
naval and artillery bombardment of

00:47:27.139 --> 00:47:31.533
North Vietnam Laos is a different story

00:47:31.534 --> 00:47:36.994
the bombers formerly targeted against North
Vietnam were now redirected against louse.

00:47:36.995 --> 00:47:40.739
Which felt the full might
American air power

00:47:40.810 --> 00:47:47.209
the number of bombing missions increased
from 300 a month to nearly 13 thousand

00:47:47.210 --> 00:47:50.629
tens of thousands of villagers
fled the onslaught and

00:47:50.630 --> 00:47:54.229
became refugees and event
that would eventually lead to

00:47:54.230 --> 00:47:59.014
exposing the secret war That

00:47:59.015 --> 00:48:02.523
Fred Brantford and had
been in Laos for two years

00:48:02.524 --> 00:48:05.989
working for the US government
as an educational adviser.

00:48:05.990 --> 00:48:09.799
He lived in a village near
Vientiane capital learned to speak

00:48:09.800 --> 00:48:16.289
loud and Grudin love and respect
the local culture September 19

00:48:16.290 --> 00:48:19.128
69 the first week of September
there was a day that

00:48:19.129 --> 00:48:22.159
changed my life forever Fred
learned that thousands of

00:48:22.160 --> 00:48:26.809
refugees were flooding into the capital
foreign news media were anxious to get

00:48:26.810 --> 00:48:28.249
their story but needed

00:48:28.250 --> 00:48:32.553
Fred's interpreting skills month after
month he spoke with the refugees.

00:48:32.554 --> 00:48:36.514
I estimated at 1 that I had
interviewed over 200 thousand lotions

00:48:36.515 --> 00:48:39.379
every single one every single one without

00:48:39.380 --> 00:48:43.584
exception Said that his or her village
had been destroyed by bombing.

00:48:43.585 --> 00:48:47.799
But the worst part of it the absolute
worst part of it was knowing

00:48:47.800 --> 00:48:52.088
that a 100 miles away Lao
Xunzi were now alive.

00:48:52.089 --> 00:48:54.608
Would be dead by the next
day because the bombing was

00:48:54.609 --> 00:48:57.429
continuing as I was
interviewing these refugees.

00:48:57.430 --> 00:49:02.139
The bombing was continuing cn
Kuan in northern Laos was one of

00:49:02.140 --> 00:49:07.088
the places hit the hardest in the
surrounding hills were large caves.

00:49:07.089 --> 00:49:12.260
Like this one where old people
women and children such shelter.

00:49:12.660 --> 00:49:17.883
Once a year Boone calm makes the
long climb up to puke cave.

00:49:17.884 --> 00:49:20.409
Where his wife and three
daughters live during

00:49:20.410 --> 00:49:28.410
the war For five years

00:49:29.439 --> 00:49:33.219
this cave had protected his whole
village from American bombs.

00:49:33.220 --> 00:49:36.863
One day even the cave
wasn't protection enough.

00:49:36.864 --> 00:49:41.679
Sounds out in America they have a map as

00:49:41.680 --> 00:49:46.909
a diamond la c one continuity
McCartney water companies all

00:49:46.910 --> 00:49:54.910
linkable to live from the SR linkable to go
from by the methoxy want me in fact about me

00:49:55.890 --> 00:49:59.709
and what I'm not pass on your tabulate them

00:49:59.710 --> 00:50:03.368
seeing the heat from the blast was

00:50:03.369 --> 00:50:07.489
so intense it took three days
Would come could enter the cave.

00:50:07.490 --> 00:50:10.234
The charred remains were unidentifiable.

00:50:10.235 --> 00:50:14.148
Because of the planes it was too
dangerous to bury the dead outside and

00:50:14.149 --> 00:50:18.138
perform proper rights even
now over 30 years later.

00:50:18.139 --> 00:50:22.879
He's still finds bones
enlightenment given my album.

00:50:22.880 --> 00:50:25.940
Through about what brain chemical return.

00:50:29.290 --> 00:50:34.548
Down thought into our DAW
Dark more non-Muslim kip

00:50:34.549 --> 00:50:38.373
now kept kept Kadima thought
motto I made a cough thought

00:50:38.374 --> 00:50:43.204
Comte fun couple uncertainty which means
little cotton napkin upon my body ordinary

00:50:43.205 --> 00:50:51.205
Yang Guan Di Basically

00:50:52.099 --> 00:50:55.414
we have no information about
bombing us at that point.

00:50:55.415 --> 00:50:58.608
Said that we had never dropped a bomb
in Laos that was the official U.S.

00:50:58.609 --> 00:51:01.909
position I just became consumed with I

00:51:01.910 --> 00:51:05.178
had to understand how this had
happened so I began going to

00:51:05.179 --> 00:51:09.228
air bases in Thailand and
eventually in South Vietnam

00:51:09.229 --> 00:51:14.359
and interviewing dissidents Air Force
personnel Fred gather details about

00:51:14.360 --> 00:51:17.208
the secret war and then
went to Washington where he

00:51:17.209 --> 00:51:21.690
spoke at a special session of the
senate committee of refugees.

00:51:21.700 --> 00:51:25.728
Evidence to suggest that

00:51:25.729 --> 00:51:29.884
the United States has been carrying out the
most protracted bombing civilian targets

00:51:29.885 --> 00:51:34.338
History allows violated its own rules of

00:51:34.339 --> 00:51:35.464
engagement would say that

00:51:35.465 --> 00:51:39.994
undefended civilian villages or even
dependency doing villages cannot do bomb.

00:51:39.995 --> 00:51:43.458
I felt an order live on
this earth to devote

00:51:43.459 --> 00:51:47.989
every waking hour to stopping the
bombing Fred went on the road spreading

00:51:47.990 --> 00:51:51.959
the word about the secret war
and Bobby's Cornell air or

00:51:51.960 --> 00:51:57.784
study project estimates the United States
has flown 500 thousand sorties and Laos.

00:51:57.785 --> 00:52:05.088
The majority are asked these kinds of anti
personnel bombs says only one kind Apple.

00:52:05.089 --> 00:52:10.939
According to Senator Ted Kennedy the bombing
helped create over 0.5 million refugees and

00:52:10.940 --> 00:52:12.798
the conclusions of our hearings and

00:52:12.799 --> 00:52:16.953
our reports from our study
in the United States Senate.

00:52:16.954 --> 00:52:24.319
Is that between 7580% of the refugees are
created because of bombing raids in Laos.

00:52:24.320 --> 00:52:28.189
As the facts emerged about the
secret war the Senate began to

00:52:28.190 --> 00:52:33.289
react it is incredible that a
great nation such as ours could

00:52:33.290 --> 00:52:36.499
be waging a major military operation in

00:52:36.500 --> 00:52:42.469
a foreign country without the knowledge either
of its citizens or if it's Congress well I

00:52:42.470 --> 00:52:46.819
regret to see our country Now

00:52:46.820 --> 00:52:52.278
violating the Geneva agreement the
fact that the North Vietnamese

00:52:52.279 --> 00:52:56.238
has violated it does not excuse us for

00:52:56.239 --> 00:53:00.888
violating it we signed the agreement
quite solidly uh we should keep

00:53:00.889 --> 00:53:04.758
the agreement we dropped 2
million tons of bombs on

00:53:04.759 --> 00:53:09.229
Laos to tons of bombs for every man
woman and child living in path allows

00:53:09.230 --> 00:53:12.199
zones which was horrifying
enough but I think

00:53:12.200 --> 00:53:15.258
the single most horrifying
aspect of this air war

00:53:15.259 --> 00:53:18.814
against louse was this
widespread use of Boehm bees.

00:53:18.815 --> 00:53:26.448
Because they were only designed to kill people
they weren't designed to kill tanks trucks

00:53:26.449 --> 00:53:30.078
and the use of them It
was primarily against

00:53:30.079 --> 00:53:34.788
civilians and the end the last people
we could ever find where the soldiers.

00:53:34.789 --> 00:53:37.639
So I believe the Gombe is maybe

00:53:37.640 --> 00:53:45.329
the the preeminence symbol of
humans in humanity to other humans.

00:53:46.120 --> 00:53:51.468
A war in Laos was an extraordinary period
of time for the United States government we

00:53:51.469 --> 00:53:56.493
tried many different technologies we
never really understood the enemy.

00:53:56.494 --> 00:54:03.903
We we created a great deal
of turmoil and destruction.

00:54:03.904 --> 00:54:07.669
Both socially and physically
in Laos I think one of

00:54:07.670 --> 00:54:12.198
the lessons from the war therefore
is that if you try and use bombing.

00:54:12.199 --> 00:54:15.978
You probably should think about the
long-term consequences of that

00:54:15.979 --> 00:54:19.579
particularly with these bomb
bees are the CBUs that are

00:54:19.580 --> 00:54:22.339
now in Laos because these are these are

00:54:22.340 --> 00:54:27.630
physically going to be there
long after the war has ended.

00:54:31.900 --> 00:54:36.648
Cluster bombs that are dropped and
failed to explode or is spreading

00:54:36.649 --> 00:54:43.023
problem a new generation of cluster
bombs has been used in Kuwait Iraq.

00:54:43.024 --> 00:54:51.024
The Falklands Ethiopia Sudan Sierra
Leone Chechnya Kosevo and like in Laos.

00:54:51.289 --> 00:54:55.219
They keep killing civilians long
after the last bomb has been

00:54:55.220 --> 00:55:03.220
dropped the immediate thing that shouldn't
happen now about cluster bombs.

00:55:04.565 --> 00:55:08.044
Is there must be a moratorium.
Just to stock.

00:55:08.045 --> 00:55:11.389
While everybody takes a proper
look at them that should happen

00:55:11.390 --> 00:55:15.499
now and then my feeling is that when

00:55:15.500 --> 00:55:19.668
people become aware of the damage

00:55:19.669 --> 00:55:21.828
that these weapons and doing
under damaged they're

00:55:21.829 --> 00:55:25.110
going to do in the future
there will be a backlash.

00:55:28.120 --> 00:55:32.058
At the present rate of
demolition It will be

00:55:32.059 --> 00:55:38.070
many many more decades until allow
villagers are safe from Barclays

00:56:04.150 --> 00:56:07.200
made a bad idea

00:56:33.100 --> 00:56:40.128
Funding for this program was provided by the
corporation for public broadcasting the

00:56:40.129 --> 00:56:47.609
John D. And Catherine T. MacArthur
Foundation and the Rogers documentary fund